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Biomedical subjects

M Shahidullah

Publications and source records attributed to M Shahidullah.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Impact of acute diarrhoea on parasite loads.

Parasites and diarrhoea are more frequent in poor populations. Parasite prevalence rates in post-diarrhoeal patients of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDRB) and in non-diarrhoeal populations of two Dhaka poor socioeconomic communities have been compared to explore if there is any effect of acute diarrhoea on parasite prevalence rates. Stool of a 4% systemic randomly selected sample of diarrhoeal patients and the whole population of two local poor communities have been examined. The results showed that the prevalence of parasites in a post-diarrhoeal population is significantly lower than in a non-diarrhoeal population. These reductions (E. hist. 10.2% vs. 2.03%, G. lamb. 9.7% vs. 3.5%, hookworm 37.4% vs. 4.7% and Ascaris lumbricoides 81% vs. 20.6%) may be attributed mainly to the flushing effect of diarrhoea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Vibriocidal titre in cholera cases and contacts: its value in assessing endemicity of or susceptibility to cholera.

Vibriocidal antibody titre in excess of 1:40 occurred within two weeks of cholera infection, both in severe hospitalized cases, contact cases and in asymptomatic infected contacts. These levels, considered to be indicative of protection, persisted for six months or longer in more than half of the subjects irrespective of presence and severity of symptoms. Approximately 40% of infected family contacts had similar titres implying recent infection and subsequent protection. The use of antibiotics to treat acute cases, and whether infection was due to antibiotic resistant or sensitive Vibrio cholerae had no effect on the response of vibriocidal titre. Endemicity of cholera was higher than previously observed in Dhaka. Screening populations to obtain positive titre rates permits retrospective assessment of cholera infection and provides an indicator of future susceptibility.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological differences between cholera due to multiple antibiotic resistant and multiple antibiotic sensitive Vibrio cholerae infection.

The appearance of cholera caused by multiply antibiotic resistant Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh provided an opportunity to compare epidemiological features of infection caused by resistant and by sensitive V. cholerae. A prospective study was carried out using 46 families of hospital in-patient cholera cases due to resistant V. cholerae and 11 families of hospital cases due to sensitive V. cholerae and nine cases of cholera due to resistant and six cases due to sensitive V. cholerae detected in the neighbourhoods of hospital patients. All families were visited daily during ten days for cultures of rectal swabs, samples of domestic water and for history of diarrhoea. The results showed no significant difference in secondary infection and case rates in contacts of hospital cholera cases due to resistant and sensitive V. cholerae. However, the secondary infection rate (57%) in contacts of cases due to resistant V. cholerae detected from the neighbourhoods of hospital cases was significantly higher (p less than 0.05), than in the neighbourhood case-contacts (29%) of cases due to sensitive V. cholerae. The mean duration of diarrhoea in untreated resistant V. cholerae cases who were contacts of hospital cases (3.3 days) was significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than that of untreated sensitive V. cholerae (2.2 days). Higher isolation rates of V. cholerae were obtained from water sources used by cholera cases due to resistant V. cholerae, than from sources used by cases due to sensitive V. cholerae, but the differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). The study suggests that resistant V. cholerae poses an additional threat through a higher secondary infection rate and by causing illnesses of longer duration.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Randomised observer blind comparative trial of ceftriaxone and penicillin in treating uncomplicated gonorrhoea in men and women.

Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin with a prolonged half life. It was used in doses of 500 mg intramuscularly in 27 men (group 1) and 23 women (group 2) and 250 mg in 48 men (group 3) and 45 women (group 4) with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea. Similar numbers of patients in each group were treated with 2 MIU intramuscular Bicillin (procaine penicillin 1.5 g plus benzylpenicillin 300 mg (Brocades, Weybridge, Surrey, England). Success of treatment was measured as one or two negative cultures after three or more days. The success rate for ceftriaxone was 100% in 19 evaluable men and 19 women treated with 500 mg and in 38 men and 31 women treated with 250 mg, including one infection due to penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Success rates for Bicillin were 90% (19/21) evaluable patients cured in group 1, 100% (19/19) in group 2, 95% (37/39) in group 3, and 92% (33/36) in group 4. Both drugs were well tolerated. Each isolate of N gonorrhoeae isolated was sensitive to 0.05 mg/l or less of ceftriaxone.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1984

Changes in the trend of shigellosis in Dhaka: family study on secondary infection, clinical manifestation and sensitivity pattern: 1980.

The incidence of shigellosis and the death rate have increased and the resistance of shigellae to antibiotics has changed in Dhaka during our experiences. In 1980, we investigated the secondary infection and case rates, infection to case ratio, duration of illness, excretion of shigellae and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in 100 families with cases of shigellosis, culturing rectal swabs obtained by home visits for a 10-day period. Standard methods were used for culture and sensitivity tests. The over-all secondary infection rate in contacts was 27.3% and the case rate 10.7%. The rates were higher for Shigella flexneri than for Sh. dysenteriae. When the index cases were nought to four years old the secondary infection and case rates were higher than when index cases were older. Contacts aged nought to four years had highest attack rates. The average duration of excretion of Sh. flexneri was 4.5 and Sh. dysenteriae 2.6 days. Illness was one day longer for Sh. dysenteriae than for Sh. flexneri. Cases of shigellosis in hospital had higher rates of fever and blood in stool than those who were not in-patients. 40% of Sh. dysenteriae and 14% of Sh. flexneri were sensitive to tetracycline, 0 to 5% to streptomycin and 100% to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim and gentamicin. Incidence of Sh. flexneri had increased in 1980 but that of Sh. dysenteriae remained the same as in 1973 although Sh. dysenteriae type 1 appeared to be less infective in 1980 than in 1973.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acrosoxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea.

Acrosoxacin was given as a single 300 mg oral dose to 105 patients with acute gonorrhoea. Of the 100 patients followed completely there was a 93% cure rate and 33% of men developed postgonococcal urethritis (PGU). This compared with a 97% cure and 30% PGU with 2 megaunits penicillin. The in vitro activity of acrosoxacin in Nottingham against strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed that it was a highly active agent with 90% of strains inhibited by a concentration of 0.03 mg/l.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1983

The eltor cholera epidemic in Dhaka in 1974 and 1975.

Surveillance of hospitalized cholera cases from 1970 to 1977 in Dhaka, a matched control study in 1974, and a neighbourhood control study in 1975 were carried out and show a change from classical cholera to the eltor biotype during this period. Of all the hospitalized cholera cases, 9.1% in 1972 and 99.9% in 1973 were due to the eltor biotype. In 1974 and 1975 the distribution of eltor cholera cases in the city was uniform, except for areas with modern sanitation whose residents were spared. The incidence rates of cholera per 1000 infants (under the age of 1 year) were 1.16 and 0.93 for 1974 and 1975, respectively. On the whole, children below 10 years and females between 15 and 44 years of age were the ones most affected with eltor cholera. Higher rates of diarrhoea and hospitalization were noted among the contacts with cholera cases, compared with non-cholera controls. Contracting cholera was significantly associated with eating in places away from home, especially at charitable feeding centres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Role of water and sanitation in the incidence of cholera in refugee camps.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cholera in two groups: (i) people using covered latrine and piped water; (ii) people using uncovered surface latrine and pond and tubewell water. The study population consisted of cholera cases admitted to the ICDDR, B hospital from three refugee camps. In the one camp with sanitation facilities, the cholera rate was 1.6 per 1,000, whereas in the two camps without facilities the rates were 4.0 and 4.3 per 1,000. Following demolition of the camps, the cholera rates decreased significantly in the camps geographical zones. Cholera was not totally eliminated, even in the one camp with sanitation facilities, suggesting that health education, as well as proper sanitation, is necessary to eradicate cholera.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiologic pattern of diarrhoea caused by non-agglutinating vibrios (NAG) and EF-6 organisms in Dacca.

Non-agglutinating vibrios (NAG) and a new organism (EF-6) caused a severe diarrhoea epidemic in Dacca in 1976 and 1977. The common NAGs detected were groups II, V and VII which were present all the year round with peaks in the spring and postmonsoon seasons, while EF-6 attained its peak in March. NAG and EF-6 diarrhoeas occurred all over the city. The NAGs and EF-6 infected males twice as often as females and EF-6 more often affected the age group 0-4. The secondary attack rates in contacts of NAGs ranged from 10% to 25%; there were none in the EF-6 affected families. Open sources of water were often contaminated with NAGs and occasionally with EF-6. About half of the isolates from contacts and water sources were of groups other than the index case. Water was thought to be the vehicle of transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Under five's morbidity & mortality in Dacca Medical College Hospital & morbidity pattern at P.G. hospital & Lionhati Health Project.

The present study was carried out in OPD of PGH, LHP., ID and OPD of DMCH in an attempt to identify the major determinants of health, nutritional and environmental problems which are being faced by children below age five in the urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The mean age of the children who suffer from infectious disease are between 2-3 years old. Children between 1 and 2 year suffer from acute disease and die frequently. Female children attend less in these centres than the fellow male children. Due to socio-economic reasons, traditional joint family system is changing to nuclear type. Static health care institutions are less utilised by rural people. Educated fathers seek care quickly. Low income groups attend more in DMCH (OPD). Mean family size above 6. The sleeping rooms are overcrowded. Immunization is not popular in rural areas. Rural women receive less care related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. Height and weight of these children however, are similar to the national nutrition survey results. The leading cases of morbidity and mortality are from infectious diseases. The study gives an account of health status of rural and urban community.

Bangladesh↗