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Biomedical subjects

M Schulzer

Publications and source records attributed to M Schulzer.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The correlation of functional and structural measurements in glaucoma patients and normal subjects.

We measured a number of structural characteristics of the optic nerve head and retina in 52 glaucoma suspects, 51 glaucoma patients, and 28 normal eyes. In all of the patients, a number of psychophysical functions were recorded and evoked cortical potentials and pattern electroretinography were obtained. The correlations between these structural and functional parameters were established by multiple regression. Diffuse structural changes in the optic nerve head and retina were related to differential light threshold and color that measure diffuse psychophysical disturbances. Localized changes in the retinal nerve fibers and the vertical cup/disk ratio related to the "corrected loss variance," which is an index measuring localized psychophysical changes.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of visual field defects in normal-tension glaucoma and high-tension glaucoma.

In a prospective comparison of visual defects in 23 patients with normal-tension glaucoma and 23 with high-tension glaucoma, the groups were matched for equal involvement of the optic disk. F profiles on the Octopus 201 Perimeter were used to quantify thresholds at 1-degree intervals from fixation to define eccentricity, depth, and slope of the scotoma. The mean eccentricity of scotomas in the normal-tension group was 4.86 degrees from fixation; in the high-tension group it was 2.96 degrees. These differences were statistically significant (P less than .01). No statistically significant differences were found between the slopes of the scotomas or depths of the scotomas in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The rate of progression of scotomas in glaucoma.

We conducted a retrospective study of 45 eyes of 45 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma to evaluate the rate of progression of scotomas. "Scotoma mass" was calculated and regressed on time to obtain the rate of visual field change. Twenty-two eyes (49%) showed a linear type of progression, nine (20%) showed a curvilinear progression, three (7%) showed episodic progression, and 11 (24%) showed no significant progression. The mean scotoma mass was significantly lower in the curvilinear group than in the linear group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The correlation between cup-disk ratio, neuroretinal rim area, and optic disk area measured by the video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) and clinical measurement.

The video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) records the topography of the optic disk via simultaneous stereoscopic video images which are stored and analyzed with the help of a microcomputer. We performed a prospective study of 49 eyes of 49 patients to compare the vertical cup-disk ratio, the horizontal cup-disk ratio, the neuroretinal rim area, and the optic disk area obtained with the video-ophthalmograph with those obtained with manual analysis of black-and-white stereoscopic photographs. The correlation coefficients were 0.67, for vertical cup-disk ratio (P = .0000), 0.63 for horizontal cup-disk ratio (P = .0000), 0.72 for neuroretinal rim area (P = .0000), and 0.89 for optic disk area (P = .0000).

Computers↗
PubMed1986

The age of onset of Parkinson's disease: etiological implications.

We have conducted a hospital-based survey of the age-specific prevalence of Parkinson's disease in 551 patients from Helsinki and Vancouver. We conclude that the disorder may be starting earlier than previously and we discuss the implications of this finding for the etiology of Parkinson's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Rubella-associated arthritis. II. Relationship between circulating immune complex levels and joint manifestations.

The role played by raised circulating immune complex (CIC) levels in the pathogenesis of rubella-associated joint reactions has been assessed during the course of RA 27/3 rubella immunisation and epidemic wild rubella infection. CIC levels were evaluated by C1q microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Raji cell ELISA techniques. Mean CIC levels were generally higher both before and after immunisation among individuals developing vaccine-associated arthritis than among those developing arthralgia or no joint symptoms. However, these differences reached statistical significance only with CIC (Raji) techniques at six and 12 weeks postimmunisation. The proportion of individuals within each group having raised CIC levels (greater than or equal to 2SD above normal control values) was also higher in the postvaccine arthritis group, though statistically significant differences were not found with either Raji or C1q techniques. These data do not support a direct role for raised CIC levels in the pathogenesis of rubella-associated arthritis or arthralgia.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

Occupational exposure to chlorophenates. Renal, hepatic and other health effects.

A group of 71 chlorophenate-exposed sawmill workers were identified as part of a group undergoing an extensive health and environmental evaluation in a pulp mill. This group was compared with a group (N = 351) with no physical proximity to the area in which chlorophenates were used. Exposure was higher for those directly handling the wood and lower for those working in the area but not handling the wood. Those with chlorophenate exposure were not significantly more likely to report a history of jaundice or liver, kidney or heart disease. Moreover, the serum creatinine, bilirubin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and alkaline phosphatase values did not differ from those of the reference group. The hemoglobin level was similar in the three groups. But the peripheral blood leukocyte count was marginally lower in the exposed groups and their hematocrit was reduced, significantly so for the heavily exposed group. Urinalysis showed an increased prevalence of microscopic hematuria, especially with lower cell counts. No unequivocal explanation is available for the reduced hematocrit or the low level of hematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Systemic lupus erythematosus--a medical and social profile.

The social functioning of 120 patients (114 women) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied. The proportion of Chinese, Japanese and Native Indians was greater than expected. Familial incidences of SLE (12.5%) and rheumatoid arthritis (17.5%) were high. Sixty-one women had 76 pregnancies after the onset of SLE; although fetal wastage was common, outcomes were otherwise satisfactory. Social difficulties worsened with disease exacerbations, drug reactions and delay in diagnosis. Thirty-three percent completed their education after the onset of SLE. Sixty-three percent with a work history were employed and 52% were totally or partially self-supporting. Patients experienced problems with self-image (20%), sexual functioning (4%) and lifestyle (17%). SLE was not a barrier to marriage or a primary cause of divorce: 40% married after the onset of SLE and 12.5% had a history of divorce. In summary, SLE patients can function well socially; it is imperative to recognize the difficulties and provide support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The correlation between optic disk topography measured by the video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) and clinical measurement.

The video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) records the topography of the optic disk via simultaneous stereoscopic images, which are stored and analyzed with the help of a microcomputer. We performed a prospective study on 68 eyes of 68 patients to compare the vertical cup-disk ratio obtained with the video-ophthalmograph to that obtained with manual analysis of black-and-white stereoscopic photographs. The correlation coefficient was 0.61, highly significant at P = .0000.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Neuroretinal rim areas and visual field indices in glaucoma.

Magnification-corrected measurements of neuroretinal rim area of the optic disk were correlated to visual field indices calculated from 49 thresholds of Octopus program JO. The indices express overall reduction and localized disturbances of retinal sensitivity. The study was composed of 123 subjects, including 23 normal subjects, 49 patients suspected of having glaucoma, and 51 patients with glaucoma. The neuroretinal rim area was highly significantly correlated with both visual field indices; the index for overall loss of retinal sensitivity had a somewhat higher correlation coefficient than the index expressing localized visual field changes. Adequate fit of visual field data on rim area was achieved by quadratic regression.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Neuroretinal rim area in early glaucoma.

The neuroretinal rim area of the optic nerve head was measured in 33 normal individuals, 50 subjects suspected of having glaucoma, and 51 patients with glaucoma. The measurements were corrected for magnification produced by the optical system of the eye. The rim areas were statistically highly significantly different in these clinical groups. Mean neuroretinal rim area in the normal controls was 1.40 +/- 0.186 mm2. Therefore, 95% of the normal subjects had rim areas greater than 1.09 mm2; 30% of the subjects with ocular hypertension and 73% of the patients with glaucoma had rim areas less than 1.09 mm2.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer comparisons in glaucoma.

Semiquantitative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scores given separately to diffuse and localized changes of the RNFL were correlated with the overall mean retinal sensitivity and visual field indexes calculated from 49 thresholds of the OCTOPUS program JO. The indexes have been developed to differentiate between generalized reduction and localized disturbances of the retinal sensitivity. The RNFL scores and visual field functions were highly correlated. Approximately 50% of the variation of the visual field functions could be accounted for by the RNFL loss scores. An adequate fit of visual field data on localized nerve fiber loss score was achieved by linear regression, whereas the diffuse nerve fiber loss score was improved by quadratic regression. This suggests that localized nerve fiber loss may be more directly associated with localized visual field disturbances than generalized fiber loss and that there may be a latency between the appearance of structural changes and generalized reduction of retinal sensitivity.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1985

Mechanical preparation of the large bowel for elective surgery. Comparison of whole-gut lavage with the conventional enema and purgative technique.

In this prospective, randomized study, 121 elective colorectal surgery patients had whole-gut lavage (n = 67) or enemas and purgatives (n = 54). Patient characteristics were well matched. Intravenous metronidazole and tobramycin were administered preoperatively initially in 53 patients, with the remaining 68 patients receiving the drugs perioperatively. Bowel preparation was satisfactory (minimal or no contents remaining) in 92.8 percent of patients with whole-gut lavage and 92.6 percent with enemas and purgatives (p = 0.72). Nasogastric tube insertion was poorly tolerated by 39 percent of the patients receiving whole-gut lavage, and enema tube insertion by 23 percent with enemas and purgatives. Fluid infusion tolerance was similar with both techniques. Abdominal wound sepsis occurred in 22 patients (18.8 percent), being unrelated to mechanical preparation or antimicrobial prophylaxis (p = 0.19). Colostomy closure was associated with a 42.8 percent sepsis rate. Excluding this group, wound sepsis with the remaining procedures was 13 percent (statistically significant, p = 0.03). Other complications included intraabdominal abscesses (3.3 percent), anastomotic leaks (2.5 percent), eviscerations (1.6 percent), and an operative mortality of 1.6 percent. We have concluded that whole-gut lavage and enemas and purgatives are equally efficacious mechanically with similar associated wound sepsis rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Failed rubella immunization in adults: association with immunologic and virological abnormalities.

Immunologic and virological studies were performed in 13 adults (12 women and one man) who failed to seroconvert (as shown by rubella hemagglutination-inhibition [HAI] techniques) after single or repeated courses of HPV-77 DE/5 or RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine. Immunologic sensitization to rubella virus was assessed from six months to eight years (mean, 3.0 years) after the last course of rubella virus vaccine by using HAI, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), single radial hemolysis (SRH), neutralization, and virus-specific lymphoproliferative techniques. Despite HAI seronegativity, 11 of 13 subjects demonstrated significant sensitization to rubella virus proteins, as indicated by ELISA (10 of 13), neutralization (9 of 11), SRH (4 of 11), and rubella lymphocyte stimulation techniques (9 of 13). In addition, rubella virus was isolated from three individuals by using cocultivation techniques with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Failed rubella immunization in adults may have more significance than previously recognized in view of altered patterns of virus-specific immunity and the association of this failure with the rubella virus carrier state.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Lymphocytes from the site of disease but not blood lymphocytes indicate the cause of arthritis.

The [3H]thymidine uptake procedure for measuring lymphocyte responses was applied to lymphocytes derived concurrently from synovial effusions and from peripheral blood. The stimulating antigens were crude preparations of those micro-organisms that are related to the enteritis and the non-gonococcal urethritis that precipitate reactive arthritis. Salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter antigens stimulated synovial but not peripheral blood lymphocytes in eight cases of enteric reactive arthritis. Ureaplasma or chlamydia antigens, or both, stimulated synovial lymphocytes in all 12 cases of sexually transmitted reactive arthritis, whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes were only stimulated in four of the 12 cases. In 14 cases of rheumatoid arthritis reactions to either enteric or ureaplasma/chlamydia antigens were minimal from either synovial or peripheral blood lymphocytes. It is concluded that synovial rather than peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate the microbiological cause of reactive arthritis and that similar studies of lymphocytes from the site of local disease might be productive in other diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Parkinson's disease: a comparison of mesulergine and bromocriptine.

Previous studies with mesulergine (CU 32-085) demonstrated safety and efficacy in short-term observations of patients with Parkinson's disease. We compared mesulergine with bromocriptine in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease. Eighteen patients completed the randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clinical assessments employed the UBC scale and "Mini-Mental State" examination; neurophysiologic measurements were undertaken on wrist rigidity and speed and accuracy of hand movement, and toxicity screening tests were compared. There were no significant differences between the effects of mesulergine (mean dosage, 27.4 mg/d) and bromocriptine (mean dosage, 40.8 mg/d).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reliability of optic disk topographic measurements recorded with a video-ophthalmograph.

The video-ophthalmograph records the topography of the optic disk via simultaneous stereoscopic images which are stored and analyzed with the help of a microcomputer. This information is used to generate the vertical cup-disk ratio, the vertical optic disk diameter, the cup volume, and the neuroretinal rim area. To determine the reliability of the data, we recorded information for one eye of each of five patients ten times to determine the interphotographic error variance. We also analyzed one photograph for each of five patients ten times to determine the intraphotographic variance attributable to repeated analysis of the same photograph. The interphotographic and intraphotographic coefficients of variation were 2% to 18% and 2% to 7% respectively for these measurements.

Computers↗