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Biomedical subjects

M Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmidt.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Reaction of the anterior eye segment to preventive Credé treatment].

A controversily carried discussion concerning the prophylaxis according to Credé is in process. Reviewer decline the Credé-prophylaxis. The high rate of side effects (Argentum conjunctivitis) interdicts with applications of Argentum nitricum. In a blind study we examined the reaction of the ophthalmic front-region in the first 5 days after delivery in 40 neonates with and without Credé-prophylaxis with Argentum nitricum. We found no significant differences in the frequency of pathological chances in the palpebra, conjunctiva bulbi et tarsi and cornea between the two groups. In the group of children, who had not been given Credé-prophylaxis there was the same frequency of palpebral edema and conjunctival hyperemia. Until there is no general screening for gonorrhea in the late pregnancy and because of lack of a better method as the prophylaxis according to Credé we can recommend the Credé-prophylaxis with argentum nitricum as an undangerous and save method for preventing gonoblennorrhea of neonates.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMed1994

[Recent therapeutic modalities in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid?].

In search of new therapies in IBD, the introduction of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) has been proposed based on the longstanding, positive clinical experience in tuberculosis, the expected similar modes of action due to the close structural analogy to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), an established therapy in IBD, and its inexpensiveness. To better understand the mechanisms of action of aminosalicylates, the intestinal inflammatory response and to develop new, more effective and cost saving drugs it is important to compare 4-ASA with 5-ASA with respect to their pharmacology, mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. The inhibition of the upregulation of the initial local immune response, the inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators, e.g. leukotrienes and the direct scavenging of toxic oxygen metabolites are important common antiinflammatory mechanisms. As the clinical experience with 4-ASA is promising, but still limited, 4-ASA currently cannot yet be recommended outside clinical trials. As the costs of 4-ASA are significantly lower compared to 5-ASA, 4-ASA may replace 5-ASA in the near future provided further trials will confirm the therapeutic and pharmacologic equivalency.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Properties of fluorescently labeled Xenopus lamin A in vivo.

Wild type Xenopus lamin A, a lamin A mutant lacking the carboxy-terminal cysteine (C662-->S), and human vimentin were expressed in bacteria and fluorescently labeled with 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (5-IAF). In vitro reconstitution experiments and microinjection of both lamins into living cells revealed that they were indistinguishable from the non-fluorescently labeled proteins. When the 5-IAF lamin A was microinjected into the cytoplasm of 3T3 cells it was rapidly transported into the nucleus, giving rise within 1 h to a strong lamina fluorescence, whereas the lamin A mutant formed dotlike intranuclear aggregates. 5-IAF lamin A associated with the nuclear envelope of microinjected 3T3 cells and 5-IAF vimentin which was incorporated into the preexisting vimentin filaments of this cell line, were analyzed by photobleaching employing two different methods, (i) scanning microphotolysis using a modified laser scanning microscope, and (ii) the conventional photobleaching technique in which the integral fluorescence of a single spot was measured by photon counting. A low but significant fluorescence recovery was measured within 10 min for both 5-IAF-labeled intermediate filament proteins, lamin A and vimentin, in bleached areas of the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, respectively.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1994

The human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 produces an aromatase stimulating activity.

Extraovarian estrogen production is localized mainly in stromal vascular cells from adipose tissue, which contain the aromatase activity necessary for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Induction of aromatase activity in these cells by glucocorticoids occurs only in the presence of a serum factor, the properties and origin of which are unknown (serum-derived aromatase stimulating activity, serum-ASA). Cells of the breast cancer line MDA-MB231 produce a factor resembling serum-ASA, as it is able to completely replace serum during the induction of aromatase by glucocorticoids. MDA-MB231-derived ASA is destroyed by proteolytic digestion and is purified about 100-fold by ultrafiltration of MDA-MB231 conditioned media and anion exchange chromatography.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

[Blood pressure values in normal pregnancy].

In two studies independent from each other we examined the behaviour of arterial blood pressure in normal pregnancy. Study 1 was performed in exactly defined external conditions, study 2 in normal antenatal clinic. Especially in study 1 a distinct reduction of blood pressure could be proved. Towards the end of pregnancy there is a raise of blood pressure. Blood pressure is dependent on the position of the body. Havdarized examination conditions have to be claimed with respect to reproducibility and comparability of the values.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The clinical value of plasma fibronectin in pregnancy].

We have measured plasmatic fibronectin in 23 normotensive pregnant women during pregnancy (overall 161 values). On the average 6 samples from every woman have been taken. Plasmatic fibronectin rose continuously from 313 +/- 76 mg/l in the first trimester to 416 +/- 194 mg/l in the third trimester. Normal pregnant women (n = 173, 358 +/- 140 mg/l) were compared with pregnant patients with preeclampsia (n = 37), woman with chronic hypertension in pregnancy (n = 25) and normotensive pregnant patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR, n = 5). In the group with chronic hypertension (466 +/- 119 mg/l) there was no significant difference to the normal group, but we found a significant (p < 0.01) different value of fibronectin (748 +/- 195 mg/l) in the group of patients with preeclampsia. A tendency to higher fibronectin values was also noticed in the group with IUGR (739 +/- 212 mg/l). Because of the low number of patients this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude, that plasmatic fibronectin is an important, but not absolutely specific screening parameter for estimation of the endothelial injury in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We believe, that fibronectin is one the best parameters to forecast a preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Category system for microanalysis of early mother-child interaction].

As part of a prospective longitudinal study on the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in children at biological and psychosocial risk, a system of categories was developed for the assessment of early mother-child interaction. A computer program for recording observational data in synchrony with video images by online coding was developed for this purpose. It permits second-by-second recording of basic categories and complex interactional behavior of mother and child. An evaluation of instrumental validity, interrater reliability and the validity of the system with 48 mother-child dyads yielded positive results. Measures of interaction (synchrony, reciprocity, elicit) and of disturbed interactions were defined.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Simultaneous measumrement of the renal excretion of 131I-hippuran and 99mTc-MAG3].

This study describes methods of measuring simultaneously the renal excretion of two radiopharmaceuticals and of evaluating their different kinetics. For quantification of the dynamic contributions of scattered radiation in a double-radionuclide study a high-resolution pure germanium detector was used. The geometry of the arrangement was a semi-shielded whole-body counter according to E. Oberhausen. An intra-individual comparison of the renal elimination of 99mTc-MAG3 and 131I-Hippuran shows a systemic difference between both tracers depending on the time after injection, its average being around 11% between the 10th and 20th min. The inter-individual comparison shows deviations from the mean between -29 and +20%.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Follicular development and embryo recovery following 3 versus 8 FSH injections in heifers.

Ovarian follicular dynamics and embryo yield were studied during 2 different FSH regimens for superovulation of cattle. Twenty heifers were given intramuscular injections of FSH (total of 35 mg NIH) either once daily for 3 days (Group 3x1) or twice daily for 4 days (Group 4x2). At 72 h after the first FSH injection, each animal was injected with 0.75 mg cloprostenol. Inseminations were performed at 12 h and 24 h after the onset of heat. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on the day of the first FSH injection, the day of cloprostenol injection, the day of insemination and finally on the day of embryo recovery (day 6 or 7 after heat). The numbers of small (2-4 mm), medium (5-9 mm) and large (> 10 mm) size follicles were recorded. The total number of corpora lutea, eggs and transferable embryos were recorded on the day of embryo recovery. No differences were found between the 2 groups in either of the parameters studied (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that treatment with this FSH preparation once daily for 3 days gives a folliculogenic and superovulatory response similar to a treatment regimen where it is given twice daily for 4 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Segregation of direction selective neurons and synaptic organization of inhibitory intranuclear connections in the medial terminal nucleus of the rat: an electrophysiological and immunoelectron microscopical study.

A combined electrophysiological and morphological investigation of the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) in the rat was undertaken, aimed at a better understanding of the relationship between structure and function in this nucleus. The locations of upward and downward direction selective units in the MTN were documented with extracellular electrophysiological recording. By means of tracer experiments, with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin, biocytin, and cholera toxin subunit B-horseradish peroxidase, the internal connections of the MTN, its retinal afferents, and the projection neurons to the inferior olive were visualized. Terminals originating from the retina and from internal connections were characterized at the ultrastructural level. Their termination pattern on cells in the MTN, including identified inferior olive projection neurons, were determined. Additionally, postembedding GABA immunocytochemistry was performed to identify GABAergic elements. From reconstructions of the positions of electrophysiologically recorded units in the MTN, a local segregation between upward and downward direction selective units was revealed. Upward direction selective units were found in the dorsal part and ventromedially, whereas downward direction selective units were found ventral and laterally in the MTN. The MTN receives optic fibers via two separate routes which, based on their trajectory, presumably terminate in different parts of the MTN: the inferior fascicle of the accessory optic tract in the dorsal part, and the posterior fiber bundle of the superior fascicle in the ventral part of the MTN. A correspondence has been found between the segregation of direction selective units and the areas in the MTN where the retinal fibers from the two pathways distribute. It is, therefore, proposed that the inferior fasciculus conveys upward direction selectivity and the posterior fiber bundle downward direction selectivity, and that the two fiber bundles terminate segregated in the MTN. After anterograde tracing from the eye, retinal terminals were found evenly distributed throughout the MTN. They are characterized as GABA negative R-type terminals. After retrograde tracing from the inferior olive, identified MTN-inferior olive projection neurons were found in the dorsal MTN and medially in the ventral MTN. Their location in the MTN suggests that MTN-inferior olive projection neurons are upward direction selective. MTN-inferior olive projection neurons are large non-GABAergic cells, with a variable form. A majority of both F- and R-type terminals were found to make synaptic contacts on the dendrites of MTN cells. MTN-inferior olive projection neurons did not differ from other neurons in this respect.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Antennular projections to the midbrain of the spiny lobster. III. Central arborizations of motoneurons.

The central organization of antennular motoneurons in the brain of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, was analyzed by combining biocytin backfills with serial reconstructions of the antennular nerves and the brain. Eighty-nine to 99 antennular motoneurons occur in each hemibrain. The somata of the motoneurons are distributed in a consistent pattern in two complex soma clusters, the ventral paired mediolateral cluster of the deutocerebrum and the dorsal unpaired median cluster of the tritocerebrum. The motoneurons arborize ipsilaterally in the lateral and median antennular neuropils and the tegumentary neuropil. The backfills indicate a minimum of five morphological types of motoneurons with different arborization patterns. The innervation pattern of the motoneurons, together with previously reported innervation patterns of antennular sensory afferents, suggest that the lateral antennular neuropil is a lower motor center driving local antennular reflexes in response to chemical and mechanical stimulation of the antennule, whereas the median antennular neuropil is a lower motor center for equilibrium responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Identification of a new 80 k isoform of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase from bovine brain.

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase is associated with bovine brain microsomes to an extent of approximately 65% of the total cellular enzyme activity. This membrane-associated kinase activity can be solubilized with Triton X-114. Following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS the enzyme can be renaturated from gel slices in the presence of desoxycholate and Triton X-100. Catalytic activity appears at an apparent molecular weight of 80 k. Analysis of the reaction product formed by the 80 k protein reveals the existence of a 5-phosphotransferase, identifying the 80 k polypeptide as a new phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

OKN-related neurons in the rat nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system receive a direct cortical input.

It has been previously assumed that the asymmetry of the monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) of lateral-eyed mammals is caused by an absence of visual cortex projections to directional selective neurons in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (NOT-DTN). In contrast to this generally accepted hypothesis, we present multiple evidence that OKN-related neurons in the rat NOT-DTN in fact do receive input from the visual cortex. We studied the corticofugal projection to NOT-DTN physiologically, with extracellular single unit recording and electrical stimulation of the optic chiasma and the visual cortex, and anatomically, using retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques. In particular we focussed our attention on the NOT-DTN neurons, which control eye movements during OKN. All OKN-related NOT-DTN cells were activated after optic chiasma stimulation. Forty-five percent of these neurons were also activated after stimulation of the visual cortex (VC). The majority of neurons activated from VC (80%) also responded to monocular stimulation of either eye. On the contrary, most of the neurons that responded to stimulation of the contralateral eye only were not activated from VC. After injection of fluorescent latex microspheres into the NOT-DTN, retrogradely labeled neurons were found in areas 17, 18, and 18A of the visual cortex. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injected into the visual cortex anterogradely labeled fibres and terminals throughout the NOT-DTN complex. Labeled boutons were found in close proximity to OKN-related NOT-DTN cells, selectively stained after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the inferior olive. Our results demonstrate that NOT-DTN cells in the rat, which are involved in the generation of horizontal OKN, receive a direct input from the ipsilateral visual cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Identification of the nuclear-encoded chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 of the monocotyledonous plant Secale cereale and sequencing of two different cDNAs with strong codon bias.

Two different cDNA clones (SCL12-1 and SCL12-2) encoding precursors of a chloroplast ribosomal protein with homology to L12 from Escherichia coli were isolated from rye leaf cDNA libraries and sequenced. The corresponding polypeptide of rye chloroplast ribosomes was identified. The sequences for the mature proteins of M(r) 13,447 and 13,609 share 85% amino acid identity. The mature polypeptide of clone SCL12-1 has an amino acid identity of 71%, 72% or 44%, respectively, relative to L12 proteins from spinach, tobacco, or E. coli. Codon usage of the rye L12 cDNAs shows a high preference (97% and 82%) for G or C in the third base position.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the fire ant venom protein Sol i II.

For the first time the cDNA encoding a fire ant venom protein has been sequenced. Oligonucleotides were designed according to the amino acid sequence. The cDNA sequence was obtained by hybridizing these primers to mRNA and enhancement by the PCR technique. Comparison to the amino acid sequence of the venom protein shows a leader sequence 19 amino acids long.

Amino Acid Sequence↗