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Biomedical subjects

M Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmid.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute hepatitis non-A, non-B; are there any specific light microscopic features?

Coded examination of liver biopsies from a total of 24 patients with acute hepatitis non-A, non-B revealed two main histological trends: (a) acute viral hepatitis with confluent necrosis (sublobular and bridging) carrying a relatively good prognosis and taking a chronic course in only four out of 14 patients (29%); and (b) acute viral hepatitis with severe portal infiltration rich in lymphocytes and plasma cells, lymph follicles with germinal centers and bile duct lesions, as described by Poulsen & Christoffersen. The latter group showed a very high tendency to transition to chronic hepatitis (six out of seven patients, 86%) or a course characterized by one or multiple acute relapses (one out of seven patients, 14%). Bile duct lesions, if present in biopsies of patients with acute hepatitis, are of diagnostic and prognostic value. They point to the etiological possibility of a hepatitis non-A, non-B and, at the same time, they indicate a high likelihood of evolution to chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparative analysis of karyotypes in European shrew species. II. Constitutive heterochromatin, replication patterns, and sister chromatid exchanges in Sorex araneus and S. gemellus.

The chromosomes of the two closely related species Sorex araneus and S. gemellus were investigated by various methods for the determination of constitutive heterochromatin (C-band techniques, treatment of cell cultures with AT- and GC-base-pair-specific compounds, and analysis of late-replication patterns). With the exception of the Y1 sex chromosomes, no distinct heterochromatic regions like those in other mammals were demonstrated. Although use of a modified C-band technique produced moderately darkly stained bands, these did not have a definite heterochromatic character. Spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (SCE's) occurred significantly more frequently in the Y1 chromosomes than in other chromosomes. Analysis of intrachromosomal frequencies of SCE's showed no significant deviations from a uniform random distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Regression of liver cell adenoma. A follow-up study of three consecutive patients after discontinuation of oral contraceptive use.

Three consecutive young female patients with unresected liver cell adenoma and a history of contraceptive use of several years' duration were followed up over a period of 2-4.5 yr after withdrawal of hormonal medication. One patient presented multiple adenomas and in another, the adenoma was associated with a Budd-Chiari syndrome due to bilateral thrombotic hepatic vein occlusion. Complete regression of the adenomas was documented in all 3 patients by ultrasonography, liver radionuclide scan, laparoscopy, or computerized tomography. It is concluded that, in selected cases, conservative management after withdrawal of hormonal contraception may be a valid alternative to surgical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[(Intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice due to amyloidosis of the liver) ].

Two cases of severe intrahepatic cholestasis due to amyloidosis of the liver seen within 9 months are described and compared with the pertinent literature. In both, the diagnosis was established by needle biopsy of the liver, and the amyloidosis associated with a myeloma. The methods available for reaching a definite diagnosis are discussed, and the possible diagnostic importance of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, as performed in one of the two patients, is stressed. Amyloidosis of the liver complicated by jaundice is possibly not such a rare disease; it has a very poor prognosis, and the patients do not survive more than a few months.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis: occurrence, epidemiology and prognosis].

Out of 117 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 37 (32%) were classified as hepatitis A, 50 (43%) as hepatitis B and 30 (25%) as hepatitis non-A-non-B (NANB). In 21 of the 30 patients with hepatitis NANB, a possible mode of parenteral transmission could be found. The mean incubation period was 53 days. Only 3 patients had had blood transfusions. 14 (52%) of the 27 patients with sporadic hepatitis (without transfusions) had a mild course of the acute illness without, or with only mild, jaundice and transaminase values below 500 IU. The remaining 13 patients had a more severe form of acute hepatitis (bilirubin above 5 mg/dl, GPT above 500 IU), and in 11 of these 13 cases confluent necrosis was demonstrable on liver biopsy. 10 (37%) of the sporadic cases, of whom 8 had a mild form of acute hepatitis, and the 3 cases of posttransfusion hepatitis, were followed by a chronic course.

Hepatitis C↗
PubMed1981

A frog with highly evolved sex chromosomes.

Highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes and an exceptionally low genome size were found in the karyotypes of Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae). The W-chromosome is considerably smaller than the Z-chromosome and consists to a very great proportion of constitutive heterochromatin. The DNA content of this species and the chromosome length have the lowest values determined in the Ranidae to date.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An improved method for Y-body identification and confirmation of a high incidence of YY sperm nuclei.

The fluorescence of Y-bodies and brightly fluorescing autosomal heterochromatin in quinacrine mustard stained interphase nuclei treated with distamycin A is more brilliant than in nuclei stained only with quinacrine and mustard. In the present study examinations with the aid of this method in several probands and different tissues are described. The effect of distamycin A is demonstrated to depend on its dose and the time of exposure to it. An exceptionally high frequency of YY sperm nuclei, previously also described by other studies, is confirmed in the present work. A hypothesis explaining the effect of distamycin A in interphase nuclei is discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of a new aberration of the human Y chromosome by banding methods and DNA restriction endonuclease analysis.

Comparative cytogenetic analyses were performed with ten different banding methods on a previously undescribed, inherited structural aberration of a Y chromosome, and the results compared with those of normal Y chromosomes occurring in the same family. The value of the individual staining techniques in investigations of Y chromosomal aberrations is emphasized. The aberrant Y chromosome analyzed can be formally derived from an isodicentric Y chromosome for the short arm with a very terminal long-arm breakpoint, in which the centromere, an entire short arm, and the proximal region on one long arm was lost. This interpretation was confirmed by determining the amount of the two Y-specific DNA sequences (2.1 and 3.4 kb in length) by means of Hae III restriction endonuclease analysis. The karyotype-phenotype correlations in the men with this aberrant Y chromosome, especially the fertility dysfunctions (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, cryptozoospermia), are discussed. The possibility of the existence of fertility factors involved in the control of spermatogenesis within the quinacrine-bright heterochromatic region of the Y long arm is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Chromosome banding in Amphibia. VI. BrdU-replication patterns in anura and demonstration of XX/XY sex chromosomes in Rana esculenta.

A modified BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa technique permitted the demonstration of easily reproducible replication patterns in the somatic chromosomes of Amphibia. These banding patterns allow for the first time a precise identification of all chromosomes and the analysis of the patterns of replication in the various stages of S-phase in Amphibia. Several possibilities for the use of this technique were demonstrated on three frog species of the family Ranidae, all differing greatly in their DNA-content. With this method, the homomorphic chromosome pair No. 4 in Rana esculenta could be identified as sex-specific chromosomes of the XX/XY-type. All male animals exhibit an extremely late replicating region in the Y-chromosome, which is lacking in the X-chromosome in the female animals, both X-chromosomes replicate synchronously. These sex-specific chromosomes cannot be distinguished by other banding techniques. In the highly heteromorphic ZZ/ZW-sex chromosome system of Pyxicephalus adspersus a synchronous replication of the two Z-chromosomes of male animals and a very late replication of the short arm of the W-chromosomes of male animals was demonstrated. These results support the assumption that there is no dosage compensation for Z-linked or X-linked genes by the sex chromosome inactivation mechanism in the sex chromosomes of Amphibia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evolution of muntjac DNA.

The extent of nuclear single-copy DNA divergence between Muntiacus reevesi and Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis (Cervidae), a species pair showing extreme karyotype differences but striking morphological similarity, is 2%, as judged from the thermal stability of interspecific DNA-DNA hybrids. A comparison of the total nuclear DNA reassociation kinetics of the two species indicates a reduction of lowly repetitive sequences in M. m. vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly combined with multiple malformation.

A case of heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly combined with cheilo-gnatho-palato-schisis, hypertelorism, macroglossia, complex malformations of heart and great vessels, horse-shoe-kidney, micro-penis, and penis palmatus is described. To our knowledge, this syndrome has not yet been described in the literature. Some of the features of the case reported overlap with syndromes such as Grauhan syndrome and Meckel syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by the gastrointestinal fibrescope. Successful disinfection with an aldehyde liquid.

In a prospective study we examined the efficacy of a standardized disinfection method in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B virus by the gastrointestinal fibrescope. Four HBSAg- and Dane particle-positive patients who have been endoscoped served as possible sources of hepatitis B virus infection. We cleaned the instrument with a 10% aldehyde liquid and used it immediately thereafter in 10 HBSAg-negative patients. Eight of them were followed-up for 7 months after the endoscopic procedure. None of them showed serological evidence of an endoscopically transmitted hepatitis B virus infection. It is concluded that disinfection with an aldehyde liquid is effective in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B virus by the fibrescope.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1981

Acute viral hepatitis B with bridging necrosis: a follow-up study.

Forty patients with bridging necrosis (BN) on biopsies taken during the course of acute viral hepatitis B were included in a prospective study to assess the prognostic significance of this lesion. Of the 22 patients with complete clinical, biochemical and histological follow-up (histological follow-up 5-33 months), only two failed to eliminate HBs- and HBe-antigen in serum, a finding paralleled by transition to chronic active hepatitis and by the persistence of focal HBc- and HBs-antigen expression in liver tissue. Nineteen of 22 patients showed complete histological healing; one developed inactive cirrhosis. It is concluded that, in the setting of acute viral hepatitis B, the histological lesion of BN is of no particular prognostic significance, and that transition to chronic liver disease is much less frequent than has been assumed from previous studies of etiologically heterogeneous patient populations. Markers of poor prognosis are the failure of serological elimination of HBs- and HBe-antigen and the persistence of spotty expression of HBc- and HBs-antigen on immunofluorescence histology.

Acute Disease↗