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Biomedical subjects

M Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmid.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Diabetic gastroparesis: treatment with domperidone--a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

6 patients with severe symptomatic diabetic gastroparesis were studied in a placebo-controlled randomized manner to establish if intravenous domperidone accelerates the delayed gastric emptying of a semisolid homogenized meal. Domperidone, 10 mg intravenously, shortened the gastric emptying half-time in all of the 6 patients significantly, but not in the healthy control subjects. These results suggest that intravenous domperidone may be potentially beneficial to diabetic gastroparesis patients by improving delayed gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for non-random sequence of centromere separation in muntjak chromosomes by high resolution TV-microscopy.

The sequence of separation of sister centromeres in the chromosomes of the muntjak was analysed using a high resolution TV-microscope-system. Computer programs which permit the identification of the individual chromosome pairs and the measurement of the distances between the sister centromeres are described. The study demonstrates that the centromeres do not separate in a random sequence. It could be shown that the amount of pericentromeric heterochromatin participates in the control of centromere separation; however, other factors must also be involved. The significance of the asynchronous division of centromeres in the origin of aneusomic cells in mammals is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Partial trisomy 7q in two siblings.

Trisomy for 7q32 leads to 7qter and monosomy for 9p24 leads to 9pter is observed in a sister and a brother, due to a balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arm of the chromosome 7 and the short arm of the chromosome 9 in the mother. The siblings are retarded mentally as well as in statomotoric development. This paper discusses the correlation between chromosomal states and certain deformities in patients with trisomies of different segments of 7q.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Age--related heterogeneity of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

One hundred and thirty-three insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients were genotyped for HLA-A, B, C, DR and 123 of them for Bf. The study shows a relationship between these genes and the age of onset of diabetes and emphasizes the possible heterogeneity of the disease. When patients under the age of 0 years at the onset of the disease were compared with those aged 11 to 29 years, a significant excess of HLA-B18 (41% versus 15%, p less than 0.001) and BfF1 (40% versus 21%, P less than 0.05) was observed. The haplotype B18, BfF1 was also more frequent in the first group of patients (haplotype frequency 18% versus 6%, p less than 0.02). The frequency of the whole haplotype Cw5, B18, BfF1, DR3 and of its segment BfF1, DR3, and the strength of the gametic associations between these alleles were much higher in IDD patients than in non-diabetic controls, irrespective of the age of onset of their diabetes. The association between early age of onset of IDD and the B18, BfF1 haplotype independently of DR3 (no association between age and DR3) suggests that a factor influencing the onset of the disease in young children could be under the control of (1) gene (s) in linkage disequilibrium with B18 and/or BfF1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Multiple hepatitis attacks with immunothrombocytopenia in a heroin addict.

A 25-year-old heroin-addict had four episodes of acute hepatitis, each of them associated with thrombocytopenia. Serologically, hepatitis A and B as well as cytomegalo- or Epstein-Barr virus infections were excluded. High levels of circulating immune complexes and antibodies reacting with aminophospholipids, a component of both liver cell and platelet membranes, were detected during the last two attacks of hepatitis, but were absent during remission. Platelet-associated antibodies of the IgM class paralleled the 'anti-phospholipid' antibodies during the fourth attack. These findings demonstrate an immunological basis of the thrombocytopenia and point to the possibility of a direct association between liver cell injury and peripheral platelet destruction in certain patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Megacolon as a rare complication of diabetes mellitus].

The clinical and radiological features of diabetic megacolon and gastroparesis occurring in a 48-year-old woman are presented. The only two other well-documented cases of diabetic megacolon from the literature are reviewed. The predominant dilatation of the sigmoidal colon in the setting of a generalized megacolon may be, especially if associated with bladder atony, a clue to the diagnosis of the diabetic nature of a megacolon.

Constipation↗
PubMed1982

Hexa- and pentapeptide extension of proalbumin: feedback inhibition of albumin synthesis by its propeptide in isolated hepatocytes and in the cell-free system.

Addition of the chemically synthesized proalbumin hexapeptide in a concentration of 110 micro M to the medium of isolated rat hepatocytes decreased net albumin synthesis by 12%. The synthesis of other secretory proteins was not altered. A weaker inhibitory effect on albumin synthesis was found for a tetrapeptide, a possible degradation product of the proalbumin hexapeptide. For the uptake of the hexa- and tetrapeptide into the cells, bovine serum albumin is required. In a reticulocyte and in a wheat germ cell-free system a propeptide concentration of 600 micro M inhibited albumin synthesis by 50%, whereas total protein synthesis was inhibited by 19% only, and the synthesis of alpha 1-antitrypsin was not inhibited. These results suggest that the synthesis of preproalbumin is regulated by a feedback mechanism with its propeptide as inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Delta-antigen in hepatitis B].

Among 571 liver biopsies delta-Ag was found in 10 of 365 HBsAg positive patients (9 with CAH, 1 with CPH). Delta-Ag was demonstrated in nuclei and cytoplasm of liver cells in both cryostat and paraffin sections. Follow-up studies revealed persistence of delta-Ag for as long as 6 years and temporary appearance or loss of Dane particle-associated parameters without a change in the concomitant inflammation. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that delta-Ag represents a defective viral agent which modulates, by superinfection, the typical viral expression patterns of HBV infection.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1982

[Importance of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal disorders of the liver].

In a retrospective analysis, ultrasonographic findings were compared with the individual histological diagnosis in 49 patients with diffuse parenchymal liver disease and 5 healthy controls. Ultrasonography differentiates with great accuracy between normal liver tissue on the one hand and diffuse parenchymal liver disease such as cirrhosis and fatty liver on the other, but only poorly between cirrhosis and fatty liver. The combination of 4 single ultrasonographic criteria serves for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with a very high degree of specificity but with low sensitivity. Among the various single criteria adopted, sound transmission is that for which interobserver variation is highest.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

Evolutionary conservation of a common pattern of activity of nucleolus organizers during spermatogenesis in vertebrates.

The patterns of activity of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the spermatogeneses of ten species of all non-mammalian classes of vertebrates and one species of the cephalochordates were investigated with the silver (Ag)-staining technique. The Ag-stainability of the NORs is a measure of the transcriptional activity of the ribosomal RNA genes. In all species, there is a very similar pattern of NOR-activity in the various stages of spermatogenesis. The qualitative analysis of the Ag-stainability of the NORs was in very good agreement with the results obtained for mammals: Ag-stained NORs are detectable during the entire meiotic prophase up to the pachytene stage, completely absent in the meiotic metaphases I and II, and again demonstrable in early spermatid nuclei. The results confirm the occurrence of postmeiotic reactivation of the RNA genes. The preferential inhibition of rRNA synthesis by low doses of actinomycin D induced a rapid decline of the Ag-stainability of the postmeiotically reactivated NORs. The significance of the evolutionary conservation of the postmeiotic NOR-reactivation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Uncommon extensive juxtacortical necrosis of the brain.

A previously healthy woman in middle age, vacationing in Spain, is treated with a massive dose of insulin for minimal hyperglycemia following an apparent gastrointestinal disease. This results in rapid coma and, 20 days later, in death. At autopsy, the main finding consists in a remarkable and uncommon ribbon-like juxtacortical necrosis of the white matter in both hemispheres of the telencephalon. There is also a microscopic focal necrosis in the pons cerebri. The grey matter of cortex and basal nuclei, and the subcortical arcuate fibers are spared. The detailed autopsy fails to reveal other essential changes. We have not been able to find reports on an identical case. Hypoglycemic coma usually causes cerebral lesions different from those seen in the present case. A brief analysis of the differential diagnosis is made. In the absence of unequivocal signs of infection, vascular disease or degenerative marks, the findings are tentatively related to complex interactions between fluid loss, hypoglycemic coma, hypoxia and other metabolic disturbances.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Comparative DNA/DNA reassociation kinetics in three hamster species.

1. Three major DNA repetition classes can be distinguished in the genomes of three hamster species Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetulus griseus, and Phodopus sungorus sungorus: A very fast reassociating fraction of about 13% of the DNA, a fast reassociating fraction comprising 10-23% of the DNA, and a slowly reassociating fraction containing single-copy sequences of 63-78% of hamster DNA. 2. In the DNA of the Syrian and Djungarian hamster 43%-53%, and in the DNA of the Chinese hamster 80% of the single-copy sequences are interspersed with repetitive sequences. 3. The lengths of repetitive DNA sequences, vary between more than 3 kb and 0.3 kb, with the majority of sequences having a length of 0.3 kb to 0.5 kb. 4. The findings suggest that the genomes of the hamster species studied are organized in a short period interspersion pattern. 5. Unlike other vertebrate and invertebrate genomes, moderately repetitive sequences exhibit a high degree of intraspecific homology in the hamster genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

HLA haplotype study of 53 juvenile insulin-dependent diabetic (I.D.D.) families.

R4 heterozygotes was observed. By contrast, the observed frequency of patients homozygous for DR3 or DR4 was not increased, but even slightly decreased. The data support a model of inheritance comprising at least two closely linked specifically "diabetic" loci (most of the time marked by B18, BfF1, DR3 and B15, BfS, DR4) and a non-specifically "diabetic" haplotype favouring auto-immunisation (most of the time marked by B8, BfS, DR3). This model is discussed in the light of the presented data and of those of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

HLA and longevity.

One hundred fifty-five healthy nonagenarians, 45 men and 100 women, all French Caucasians, were phenotyped for alleles of the A, B, C, DR loci of the HLA complex. The observed HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of a control series of 133 males and 179 females whose ages ranged from 10 to 50 years. When comparing the total young and elderly series, no significant differences were observed with respect to HLA antigen distribution or heterozygosity at any of the loci. When taking sex difference into account, however, an excess of the Cw1 antigen was found in the group of elderly females (p less than 0.001) and an excess of the Cw7 antigen in the group of elderly males (p less than 0.001). Of particular significance was the fact that Cw7 belonged in this instance to a phenotypic combination (and most probably to the corresponding haplotype) A1/Cw7/B8/DR3 which was found significantly increased in male nonagenarians (p less than 0.001). These results support the hypothesis that certain HLA haplotypes are associated with survival advantage.

Adolescent↗