A 10-week exercise program for senior citizens.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Schmelzer
Publications and source records attributed to M Schmelzer.
Writing a grant proposal.
The Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates provides grants to nurses researching gastroenterology problems. In this article, the author discusses basic rules for improving the quality of research grant proposals and increasing the chance of being funded. Grant writers are advised to follow carefully the funding agency guidelines, delete all but essential information, ensure that the parts of the proposal are logically connected, and consult experts before submitting the proposal. The author also names specific resources to guide the beginning grant writer through proposal development.
Gastroenterology↗
Enema administration techniques used by experienced registered nurses.
The enema has evolved through trial and error, not scientific investigation. Because little scientific base exists, the authors began their study of enemas by examining current nursing practice. They asked 24 experienced registered nurses to describe how they give enemas, and if they had seen any complications. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative analysis software. The authors found that the nurses emphasized patient cooperation, preparation, and comfort; had observed few complications, and had difficulty describing quantitative aspects of enemas (e.g., amount of solution given, speed of administration).
Adult↗
Qualitative research: exploring new frontiers.
Qualitative research is an excellent strategy for exploring new areas of study. It is particularly appropriate for the field of gastroenterology nursing, a developing nursing specialty. In this article, the authors provide an introduction to qualitative research through a comparison of quantitative and qualitative perspectives, exploration of qualitative research designs, and discussion of qualitative analysis. Examples of qualitative research are used to illustrate the rich, vivid, and practical information gained using four different mehtodological approaches. Qualitative research topics appropriate for gastroenterology nurse researchers are suggested.
Data Collection↗
Understanding the research methodology: should we trust the researchers' conclusions?
Understanding the methodology section of research articles is difficult for those unfamiliar with research design, but is essential for judging the credibility of the researchers' findings. The methodology section describes measures taken to avoid reaching the wrong conclusions. When comparing two or more treatments, researchers might find a difference in treatments when none exists (type I error) or not find a difference when there actually is one (type II error). Type I errors are minimized by random assignment to treatment and control groups, double blinding, ensuring that the treatment under study is the only difference between groups, and setting the level of significance in advance. Type II errors are minimized by using an adequately sized, homogenous sample, increasing the treatment strength, measuring precisely, and using appropriate statistics. The purpose of this article is to explain these common experimental strategies and statistical terms.
Bias↗
Effectiveness of wheat bran in preventing constipation of hospitalized orthopaedic surgery patients.
Orthopaedic patients hospitalized for surgery or confined to bed are at high risk for constipation. To determine if wheat bran ingestion would result in more stools, less laxative use, and a lower incidence of constipation after orthopaedic surgery, 16 orthopaedic patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups for 7 days. The study concluded that those experimental subjects who ate more wheat bran did have more bowel movements and requested fewer laxatives.
Adult↗
[Pregnancy-saving measures in premature rupture of fetal membranes in the 22nd week of pregnancy].
The obstetric-perinatologic problems raised by premature rupturing of the membranes in the 22nd gestational week is presented in the form of a case report from the Perinatal Centre of the University of Cologne. By close ultrasonic monitoring of the course of development, measurement of parameters of inflammation and administration of prophylactic antibiotics pregnancy could be prolonged by 9 weeks with good fetal outcome.
Adult↗