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Biomedical subjects

M Sawada

Publications and source records attributed to M Sawada.

611 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral oedema with angiopathy in the dorsointernal area of the cerebral hemispheres of a domestic cat.

This report describes a feline case of oedema and angiopathy associated with the sudden onset of pyrexia and opisthotonus, followed by death one day later. Histologically, oedema and vascular lesions were found bilaterally in the dorso-internal area of the cerebral hemispheres. The vascular lesions consisted of perivascular exudation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive eosinophilic material and hyaline degeneration of the vascular walls. Immunohistochemically, the perivascular material reacted with anti-fibrinogen antibody; weak labelling for laminin was occasionally seen in the basement membranes of affected capillaries, arterioles and venules, in contrast to the strong labelling seen in the normal brain. Ultrastructurally, serum protein was observed in the space between the basement membranes of capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes, and vascular basement membranes were occasionally thickened. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of feline vasogenic oedema with a bilateral distribution in the cerebrum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by fragments of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF).

To characterize the effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in mouse peritoneal macrophages, the effects of aFGF fragments on phagocytosis were examined. Fragments that were tested included aFGF(1-15), aFGF(1-20), aFGF(1-29), Ala16-aFGF(1-29), aFGF(9-29) and aFGF(114-140). aFGF(1-29) induced an enhancement of phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner and was more effective than any other fragments tested. Even in Ca2+-and Mg2+-free solutions, phagocytosis was enhanced by aFGF(1-29). However, the enhancement induced by aFGF(1-29) was completely inhibited in the presence of mannan (4 mg/ml). Furthermore, the enhancement of phagocytosis by aFGF(1-29) was suppressed by heparin (100 microg/ml). The results of the present study suggest that the active region of aFGF that is responsible for the enhancement of phagocytosis corresponds to residues 15-29 and that phagocytosis, which is modulated by aFGF, is independent of extracellular Ca2+ and is mediated by mannose receptors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva.

A case of a 31-year-old woman with epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva which metastasized to the regional lymph node 8 years after onset of the disease is reported here. The patient first noticed a painless subcutaneous mass of 5 mm in diameter in the right labium majus at age of 21. This was excised locally at age 23, but recurred 17 months later. Although local excision was again performed, the tumor recurred and continued to enlarge very slowly. At this stage, based on the pathology of both the initial and second tumors, the diagnosis was of a benign inflammatory process. However, local recurrence and inguinal lymph node swelling occurred at age 29, and biopsy was taken. The pathology report indicated benign granulomatous changes. The slides were reconsidered and re-interpreted as epithelioid sarcoma, whereupon radical vulvectomy was performed at age 31. Vulvar epithelioid sarcoma with inguinal lymph node metastasis was first diagnosed at that time. Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva is an exceedingly rare tumor, and only 15 cases have been reported thus far in the literature. Early diagnosis and curative treatment of this tumor may be problematic for gynecologists because of its rarity and therefore little-known characteristic clinical behavior and histology. Radical vulvectomy or extensive local excision with inguinal lymphadenectomy at the time of diagnosis is recommended as the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
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Activation mechanism of brain microglia in patients with diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification: a comparison with Alzheimer disease.

Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC) is an atypical dementia and is characterized pathologically by diffuse neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) without senile plaques (SPs). In this study, we investigated the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-positive activated microglia in postmortem brain tissue of six patients with DNTC and six patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). HLA-DR-positive activated microglia were observed to associate with SPs in AD. In the DNTC brain, which lacks SPs, HLA-DR-positive microglia were mainly accumulated around weakly tau-positive NFTs, which were also positive for anti-amyloid-P and anti-C3d antibodies. The results of this study suggest that the complement pathway is also activated in the DNTC brain and that immune and inflammatory responses, including microglia activation, may occur around extracellular NFTs in DNTC patients.

Aged↗
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Alpha-fetoprotein subfractions in germ cell tumors identified by Con A or LCH crossed-line affinity immunoelectrophoresis.

Using concanavalin A (Con A) crossed-line affinity immunoelectrophoresis and lentil lectin (LCH) crossed-line affinity immunoelectrophoresis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfractions were studied in sera including three sera from nude mice heterotransplanted with human yolk sac tumor of the ovary and three sera from patients with yolk sac tumor, mature solid teratoma, or immature solid teratoma of the ovary. In sera of nude mice bearing yolk sac tumor or from a patient with yolk sac tumor, subfractions from yolk sac and those from fetal liver were identified. Since AFP subfractions from yolk sac and fetal liver can be differentiated according to the carbohydrate moieties, our findings indicate that AFP produced by yolk sac tumor and fetal yolk sac are to some extent differently glycosylated. We also found that AFP produced by yolk sac tumor and fetal yolk sac are to some extent differently glycosylated. We also found that AFP in both mature and immature solid teratoma was composed of two subfractions ontogenetically originating from yolk sac or fetal liver. All these findings indicate that more than two different factors are responsible for the AFP synthesis in germ cell tumor of the ovary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in the serum of elderly people.

BACKGROUND: Soluble (s) forms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are the only natural molecules known to interfere with TNF activity by competing for TNF binding with receptors on target cells. In a variety of pathologic situations, the concentrations of sTNF receptors (R) increase. OBJECTIVE: To discuss possible causes of increased risks for infectious disease and cancer seen in the elderly. METHODS: The participants were healthy subjects (n = 48) of three age groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly). Patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (n = 25) were also studied. For detection of cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and TNF-alpha were measured in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as were soluble (s) IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), sIL-6R, p55sTNF-R, and p75sTNF-R. RESULTS: IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were not detected, and sIL-6R and IL-1ra concentrations were not significantly different between the three age groups. However, sTNF-R and M-CSF were increased in sera from the elderly, both healthy and demented. A significant correlation was seen between sTNF-R and M-CSF concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sTNF-R levels may oppose the physiologic and protective effects of TNF by interference with its receptor binding. This interaction may contribute to the susceptibility of the elderly to infectious and neoplastic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a report of nine cases and a review of the Japanese literature.

Nine patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome were presented. All patients were female (mean age 45.6) and showed recurrent purpura on the lower extremities and typical findings of Sjögren's syndrome with high gammaglobulin and IgG levels, rheumatoid factors, anti-SSA/SSB antibodies (5/5) and anti-nuclear antibodies (6/9). Vasculitis was seen in 6 patients, 4 were of the mononuclear cell type and 2 of the neutrophilic cell type. Six patients had intermediate complexes between 7S and 19S shown by serum ultracentrifugation. Immunofluorescent staining showed immunoglobulin deposition along the blood vessel walls of the skin in these patients. These data suggest that hypergammaglobulinemic purpura in Sjögren's syndrome is vasculitis caused by immunologic processes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization and tissue distribution of liposomes containing lactose mono-fatty acid derivatives.

In this study we characterized liposomes containing the synthetic glycolipids, lactose mono-fatty acid esters (LFEs), whose structures were the most simple ones compared to the other synthetic glycolipids. Gel filtration chromatography was used to confirm that 78 per cent of lactose monostearic acid ester (LSE) or 85 per cent of lactose monoarachidic acid ester (LAE) existed in the liposomal fraction. The size distribution of liposomes containing LFEs was similar to that of the control liposomes which did not contain LFEs. Liposomes containing LFEs were aggregated by Ricinus communis agglutinin from caster bean (RCA120) while the control liposomes were not, with the agglutinability of the liposomes containing LAE being greater than that of those containing LSE. These findings therefore suggested that the LFEs were incorporated into the liposomal membrane with the galactose residues exposed to the outer aqueous phase. Next, the tissue distribution of liposomes containing LAE at 30 min after intravenous administration was compared to that of the control liposomes in rats. Hepatic uptake was 2-fold higher than that of the control liposomes. These results thus demonstrate that liposomes containing LFEs represent potential drug carriers to the liver.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective uptake of liposomes containing lactose mono-fatty acid derivatives by hepatic parenchymal cells.

In this study we investigated the hepatic uptake of liposomes containing a novel synthetic glycolipid, lactose mono-arachidic acid amide (LAA). Liposomes containing LAA were aggregated by Ricinus communis agglutinin from caster bean, while the control liposomes were not, and the results suggested that the galactose residues of LAA were exposed to the outer surface of the liposomes. Next, the blood clearance and hepatic uptake of liposomes containing LAA after intravenous administration were compared with those of the control liposomes in rat. Hepatic uptake of liposomes containing LAA was greater than that of the control liposomes, rising significantly with dose. As a result of separation of the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, it was shown that the increase in hepatic uptake was mostly accounted for by a greater uptake by parenchymal cells. The inhibitory activity of asialofetuin on the hepatic uptake of liposomes containing LAA suggested that a galactose-specific recognition is involved in this uptake. These results demonstrate that the lactose mono-fatty acid amides (LFAs) are promising novel compounds for the introduction of carbohydrate residues onto the liposomal surface and that liposomes containing LFAs are potential carriers for the selective delivery of drugs to specific cells.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of endogenous gastrin in the development of enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoid tumors in Mastomys natalensis: a study with the specific gastrin receptor antagonist AG-041R.

We examined the effects of a newly synthesized gastrin receptor antagonist, AG-041R, on the growth of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) carcinoid tumors in Mastomys natalensis both in vitro and in vivo. AG-041R was as potent as the well known gastrin antagonist L365,260 in inhibiting not only the gastrin-induced release of histamine from but also histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene expression in the ECL carcinoid tumor cells. AG-041R also inhibited gastrin-induced DNA synthesis and c-fos gene expression in the tumor cells. Furthermore, AG-041R significantly inhibited the growth of the transplanted Mastomys ECL carcinoid tumors in vivo. From these data, it is concluded that endogenous gastrin is involved in the growth of ECL carcinoid tumors in Mastomys natalensis. Moreover, AG-041R is shown to have a potential as an anti-neoplastic agent for ECL carcinoid tumor of the stomach.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurological diagnostics in primary health care in Santiago, Chile].

INTRODUCTION: Neurological diseases are a growing concern for public health planners. The purpose of this study was to determine the burden of neurological diagnosis in a primary health care setting in the East Metropolitan Health Service in Santiago, Chile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A random blocked sample of diagnosis in a one year period was obtained balanced by each of the fourteen clinics in the area. This corresponded to 3% of all visits. A total of 72 diagnosis corresponding to diseases of the nervous system were selected according to ICD 9 definitions. RESULTS: Of a total of 13,388 visits, 705 (5.3%) corresponded to disease or disorders attributable to the nervous system or that frequently mean consultation with neurologists. Of these, 63.5% were women. The highest rates were found between the second and fourth decades. The most frequent diagnosis were attention deficit disorder in children, headache in adults and spinal pain in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: The demand for care for syndromes that affect the nervous system in the primary health care setting in a sample of visits is concentrated in chronic disease that require a multidisciplinary approach. The finding are similar to other studies. The data help in defining were to concentrate efforts in health planning and education for the care of neurological disorder in the primary care setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ribosomal genes of Mycoplasma capricolum.

The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum is more similar to that of the gram-positive bacteria than that of the gram-negative bacteria. The presence of two copies of rRNA genes in M. capricolum genome has been demonstrated. The two different rRNA gene clusters have been cloned in E. coli plasmid vectors and analyzed for the rRNA gene organizations, demonstrating that the gene arrangement is in the order of 16S, 23S, and 5S rDNA. The ribosomes of M. capricolum contain about 30 species of proteins in 50S and 20 in 30S subunits. The number and size of the ribosomal proteins are not significantly different from those of other eubacterial ribosomes.

Base Sequence↗
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Malignant histiocytosis showing ascites and recurrent meningeal infiltration.

Report is made of a case of malignant histiocytosis (MH) in which abdominal effusion and recurrent meningeal symptoms due to tumor cell infiltration appeared. The diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was made by histologic examination of biopsy materials from the right submandibular mass. The specimens from the ascites and the liquor from a lumbar puncture showed three types of cells: normal-appearing histiocytes, large, atypical histiocytic cells and bi-and multinucleated cells. Phagocytosis was observed in the normal-appearing histiocytes and the large atypical cells; similar findings were observed in the specimens from marrow. The autopsy findings showed a systemic, diffuse, nontumorous proliferation of morphologically atypical histiocytes. Although ascites or meningeal symptoms caused by infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes are extremely rare, the possibility of MH should be considered in diagnosing conditions such as observed in this case.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment and characterization of human vaginal malignant melanoma xenotransplants.

Human vaginal malignant melanoma represents rare gynecological malignancies of poor prognosis. We have established a melanoma tumor line in nude mice, designated Mela-1, and have examined the histological and biological characteristics of this tumor. The Mela-1 tumor has preserved the histological, histochemical and biological characteristics of malignant melanoma even after 20 passages. Tumor cells are of epitheloid shape varying in size. An ultrastructural study revealed that the tumor cells were characterized by the presence of cells with deeply indented nuclei, and both types of melanosomes, eumelanosomes and pheomelanosomes, in various stages of maturation with vesiculo-globular bodies in the cytoplasm. Melanin analysis of the tumor indicated the Mela-1 tumor to be pheomelanic. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the Mela-1 cells were stained positively by melanoma-associated antibody (NKI/C3) and by antibodies for S-100 protein and vimentin, and negatively for keratin and CEA. The levels of AFP, CA125 and CEA in sera of tumor-bearing mice were within normal range. The 5-S-cysteinyldopa level in sera of tumor-bearing mice correlated well with the size of the tumor. Chromosomal analysis showed the human karyotype with great heterogeneity and a modal number of 102 chromosomes. Thus the Mela-1 tumor will be useful in establishing the biological characteristics in the search for an effective treatment of human malignant melanoma of the vagina.

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