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Biomedical subjects

M Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakurai.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) were performed in 10 children with the following results. CZX-S attained a peak serum concentration of 6.85 micrograms/ml 30 minutes after dosing with the drug 5.6 mg/kg (one suppository of CZX-S contains 250 mg of CZX in potency). The mean 6-hour urinary excretion rate in 4 children was 18.9%. The subjects consisted of 8 patients comprising 1 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 1 with gingivitis and 3 with urinary tract infection. The overall effect of CZX-S was "excellent" in 5 patients and "good" in 3, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects ascribable to CZX-S were encountered in any of the patients. A few patients complained of discomfort after the first or second insertion of the drug. However, the discharge of the suppository was as infrequent as 1.5% of the total 133 insertions. CZX-S is therefore well tolerated for clinical use in children. It is concluded that the unique suppository formulation of CZX-S is useful in the treatment of infections in children with heavy psychophysiologic disorders and in children who cannot take oral drugs because of severe vomiting.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Randomized control study of high-dose metoclopramide in the prevention of CDDP-induced emesis].

The effect of high-dose metoclopramide (2 mg/kg, 4 times every 2 hours) on the emesis of patients treated with CDDP (80 mg/m2) was examined by randomized control trial. The above metoclopramide regimen significantly suppressed the frequency of vomiting on the day of CDDP administration. The duration of nausea and anorexia after CDDP treatment was also shortened by high-dose metoclopramide administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of pediatrics].

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) is a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, which was studied for its antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion after administration and clinical efficacy of patients with infections. The following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of CMNX against 19 clinical isolates consisting of 11 species made the results that its activity against E. coli, P. vulgaris and C. jejuni was superior to CMZ and CEZ. Concentration in serum and urine CMNX was given intravenously to 3 groups at 20 mg/kg by one shot (2 cases), 40 mg/kg by one shot (2 cases) and 40 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (1 case). The half-lives were between 1.15 to 1.80 hours. We obtained over 70% of its excretion to urine within 6 hours after injection. Clinical efficacy Clinical evaluation was made on a total of 18 patients with various infections, 11 of whom had underlying diseases. The result was excellent in 1 case, good in 11 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 4 cases, and the effective rate was 66.7%. Side effect Clinical and laboratory abnormal findings related to CMNX were not found. It is concluded that CMNX seems to be effective and safetive antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

11;14 translocation in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

No consistent chromosome abnormalities have been reported so far in T-cell lymphoma-leukemia. We report here two children suffering from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(11;14)(q13;p11). Even though the breakpoints we claim are different from those in a recent report, we believe that their cases and ours have the same abnormality and that patients with this abnormality constitute a distinct subgroup of T-cell ALL positive for sheep erythrocyte receptor (E+) in children.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Chromosome findings in human neuroblastomas xenografted in nude mice.

Chromosomes were successfully studied in 8 of 9 human neuroblastomas (NBs) xenografted in nude mice. Structural abnormalities in the short arm of chromosome #1 were found in 6 of the 8 tumors; these included nonreciprocal translocations and simple deletions. The breakpoints were distributed between 1p11 and 1p34, and all of them had lost the terminal portion of 1p (1pter----1p34). Double minutes (DMs) and homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) were observed in 7 tumors; 6 had either DMs or HSRs, and one had some cells with DMs and other cells with HSR. Only one tumor had neither DMs, nor HSRs. Our study revealed that structural abnormalities in the NB xenografts were essentially the same as those in the NB cell lines and fresh tumors reported previously, and that DMs and HSRs were seen in most NB xenografts as frequently as in NB cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP, 80 mg/m2, every 3 weeks) was performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The overall response rate to CDDP was 14% (6/42). In patients without prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 20% (2/10), and in patients with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 13% (4/31). The major side effect was gastrointestinal toxicity. It was concluded that CDDP at a dose of 80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks is effective against NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Biochemical modulation in cancer chemotherapy].

With advances in the understanding of intracellular nucleic acid metabolism, the biochemical modulation of the action of antimetabolites by MTX was discussed as an approach towards the development of more selective chemotherapy. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the sequential changes occurring in the acid-soluble intra cellular nucleotide pools of L1210 mouse leukemic cells were analysed after treatment with MTX, and a reduction of the dTTP pool to 46% of the control level was observed. Declines in the dCTP, ATR and GTP pools were also reduced to 36%, 30% and 24%, respectively, of the control level after treatment with MTX. Using MTX-5-FU combination chemotherapy, pretreatment with MTX enhanced the intracellular level of FUTP which is one of the active metabolites of 5-FU. There was, however, no significant difference in the value of dTTP levels between MTX-5-FU and 5-FU alone. One of the mechanisms of the synergistic interaction between MTX and 5-FU might therefore be stimulated phosphorylation of 5-FU with an increased PRPP level, which occurs as a result of the MTX-blocked purine de novo pathway. Using MTX-ara C combination chemotherapy, MTX enhanced the intracellular production of ara-CTP, which occurs as a result of MTX reducing the intracellular dCTP pools, following activation of deoxycytidine kinase. More clarification of the effects on intracellular nucleic acid metabolism will aid the development new and increasingly effective drug combinations involving thiopurines. The methods of combination chemotherapy will become more sophisticated as the biochemical modulation effect of the drug is clarified.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinicopathologic study of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea].

A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases of thyroid carcinoma with tracheal infiltration and 70 control cases of thyroid carcinoma without tracheal infiltration was performed. The cases with tracheal infiltration were classified into well differentiated carcinoma in 5 cases, poorly differentiated carcinoma in 6, undifferentiated in 2, and squamous cell carcinoma in one, thus showing a higher frequency (54.5%) of poorly differentiated carcinoma than that (11.4%) in the control cases. A comparative study of biological behavior between well differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinomas revealed that the latter was more aggressive, and the lymphnode metastatic rate of which was higher. The prognosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma was poorer than that of well differentiated carcinoma. Selective en bloc resection of the tumor including the larynx and trachea was followed by the improved prognosis of advanced thyroid carcinoma with tracheal infiltration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Empiric therapy with piperacillin plus amikacin for febrile patients with cancer--with emphasis on granulocytopenia].

Between August 1979 and December 1983 one hundred episodes of fever in 70 patients with cancer, most of whom had granulocytopenia, were treated empirically with a combination of piperacillin (4.0g, every 6 hours) and amikacin (200mg, every 6 hours) at Saitama Cancer Center. Profound granulocytopenia (less than 100/mm3 of granulocytes) was present at the beginning of treatment in 40% of episodes. Oral absorbable or nonabsorbable antibiotics were used in 57 febrile episodes. WBC transfusion was not given. The response rate for all documented infections was 58.1%, including 8 of 9 (88.8%) episodes of bacteremia. The majority of infections with identified organisms were caused by aerobic gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa (8 cases), Klebsiella spp. (3 cases), E. coli (4 cases), Proteus mirabilis (2 cases) and serratia spp. (3 cases). The response rate of gram-negative bacillary infections was 55% Pneumonia with a response rate of 21.1% responded less satisfactorily than all other types of infection. The response rate for profound persistent granulocytopenia (less than 100/mm3 granulocytes without a rise during therapy) was 45.5%. The most common adverse effect was hepatotoxicity (16 episodes). Nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 patients and skin rash in 2 patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia].

Mitoxantrone, a new anthracenedione, was administered to twenty-five evaluable patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia between January 1982 and September 1984. Two patients were not evaluable because of early death. There were 18 males and 7 females with a median age of 42 yrs (range 6-70 yrs). Four of these were less than 14 yrs and 6 more than 55 yrs. The initial dose employed was 3 mg/m2/day X 5 days. Eventually a starting dose of 10 mg/m2 X 5 days was used. Among 16 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, there was one complete and 3 partial remissions. One of 4 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved a complete remission. Also, a complete remission was obtained in a patient with T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. The overall remission rate was 24% with a complete remission rate of 12%. Remissions occurred at doses of more than 6 mg/m2/day X 5 days. Four of the 6 patients who had attained a remission received one of the anthracyclines. Bone marrow depression was the dose-limiting factor. Mucositis occurred in 6 patients to whom higher doses were administered. This mucositis was thought to be due to drug-related toxicity. The trials were too short to evaluate possible cardiac toxicity. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is a promising single drug for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) (60 mg/m2) was performed in 22 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). There were no responders in the 19 evaluable patients (16 with adenocarcinoma, two with squamous cell carcinoma and one with large cell carcinoma). The major side effects were alopecia (89%), leukocytopenia (73%), thrombocytopenia (58%) and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Although ADM at 60 mg/m2 did not appear to have sufficient antitumor activity against NSCLC in this study, it is necessary to evaluate further the efficacy of ADM against NSCLC with another treatment schedule.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Renal arterial embolization for renal cell carcinoma].

Renal arterial embolization is often used in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma, either preoperatively to facilitate nephrectomy or as palliative therapy in advanced cases. Eighteen patients (18/58; 31%) underwent renal arterial embolization in our department since 1979, initial 10 cases with Gelfoam and steel coil (group G) and recent 8 cases with absolute ethanol (group A). Clinical studies of daily changes of symptoms and blood chemistry in both groups after embolization were compared and the results were as follows: Severe flank pain was noted immediately after embolization but thereafter well controlled without analgesics in group A. The patients in group G experienced no pain during the procedure of embolization but have had moderate flank pain of two or three days' duration with nausea and/or vomiting and required surgical procedure within a few days after embolization. Post embolization fever in group A was described as higher than that in group G significantly. Leukocytosis was noted to be persistent for up to seven days and blood chemistry showed transient marked elevations of GOT, GPT and LDH immediately after the procedure without significant value in both groups. Embolization to advanced tumor with many parasitic vessels or massive local invasion may not always be available for remaining of viable-appearing tumor cells in venous lumen, as if palliative treatment. Absolute ethanol may be more useful as the embolizing substance than Gelfoam and steel coil by reason of producing wide severe infarction of diseased kidney. Broad marked infarction due to renal arterial embolization may make pathological diagnosis difficult. Immunological effects of renal arterial embolization were not observed in short term patients survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗