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Biomedical subjects

M Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakurai.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A case of small cell lung cancer successfully treated with VM26.

A 79-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a close examination of an abnormal shadow on a routine chest roentgenogram. A large tumorous shadow in the right S1 segment, and hilar and mediastinal node swelling were observed. Transbronchial biopsy revealed that the histologic type of the tumor was oat cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was considered to be limited disease. Because of his age, 79 years, he was treated with VM26 as a single agent. VM26 was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg/m2 daily for five consecutive days every three to four weeks. After the third course of treatment with VM26, he achieved partial response, and then radiation therapy to the primary site and the hilar and mediastinal nodes was given at a total dose of 6,000 rad. There have been few phase II studies of VM26 in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Further phase II studies should be conducted for confirmation of the reproducibility of the phase II study of VM26 in SCLC, and the efficacy of combination chemotherapy including VM26 against SCLC should also be tested.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of UFT in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of UFT (a mixture of uracil and tegafur; molar ratio of uracil to tegafur = 4) was undertaken in 21 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). UFT was administered orally at a dose of 400 mg/m2 every day, for more than four weeks. Of 16 adequately treated patients, one (6.3%) showed a partial response. Toxic effects included minimal myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal toxicity was well tolerated. Considering the poor response and mild toxicity, a further phase II study of higher-dose UFT is necessary for patients without prior therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of mitoxantrone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of mitoxantrone was performed in 24 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mitoxantrone was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 12 mg/m2 every three weeks. There were no responders among the 21 evaluable patients including five patients without prior therapy. The major hematological toxic effect was leukocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia and decrease in hemoglobin were slight. A change in the electrocardiogram was observed in one patient and one patient experienced cardiogenic shock. Mitoxantrone is not acceptable for the treatment of NSCLC because of its low antitumor activity, and careful observation is needed for administration of this agent to patients with pre-existing risk factors, such as prior anthracycline exposure, mediastinal radiation or underlying cardiovascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The protective effect of 2-mercapto-ethane sulfonate (MESNA) on hemorrhagic cystitis induced by high-dose ifosfamide treatment tested by a randomized crossover trial.

High-dose ifosfamide (one or two courses of 6 g/m2) with or without mesna was administered to 13 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The protective effect of 2-mercapto-ethane sulfonate (mesna) against the urotoxic side effects induced by ifosfamide was examined by a randomized crossover trial. A significant reduction in the incidence of hematuria was observed in the patients receiving mesna. Macroscopic hematuria was observed in only one patient who received treatment with mesna versus seven patients treated with ifosfamide alone. Other symptoms, such as frequency and dysuria, tended to be diminished in the patients receiving mesna, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that mesna is effective in preventing or diminishing ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Concomitant use of mesna should allow the administration of a high dose of ifosfamide although more extensive studies are needed to define the optimal dose and schedule of administration of mesna to prevent or attenuate the hemorrhagic cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case report of a three-year survivor with advanced non-small cell lung cancer producing alpha-fetoprotein.

An 80-year-old patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the left lung with metastasis to both lungs and supraclavicular lymph nodes, stage III M1 (T2N2M1), was treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) at a dose of 80 mg/m2 intravenously. He achieved a partial response, however, he could not continue therapy with CDDP because of its renal toxicity. He was then given etoposide and vindesine as a single chemotherapeutic agent, but no response was observed. Therefore, CDDP was administered again in a fractionated regimen, the first course of treatment achieved a minor response, but the second course resulted in stable disease. He therefore received combination chemotherapy consisting of mitomycin, vindesine and CDDP, and tumor regression of more than 30% was observed after one course of this combination chemotherapy. After three years from the initiation of chemotherapy, he had no symptoms except for hoarseness, and has been followed up on an ambulatory basis. In addition, the tumor was producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was shown by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibody against AFP. The changes in serum AFP level correlated well with the disease status.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Testicular histology and function following long-term chemotherapy of acute leukemia in children and outcome of the patients who received testicular biopsy.

Wedge biopsy of the testis was performed in 46 children who had received long-term chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Occult testicular infiltration was noted in three children (6.5%). Two of three children with biopsy-proven infiltration died of systemic disease in spite of local irradiation and reinduction chemotherapy. Six of 43 children shown to be negative by testicular biopsy relapsed 11 months to 15 years later, and 3 of 6 patients died of systemic disease, but none of the cases developed testicular disease. Chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage was observed in 30 of 46 children, and tubular damage was occasionally still seen 4 years after cessation of treatment. Although gonadal damage usually depends on the cumulative dosage of cyclophosphamide, intact tubular fertility index was found in several children who had received a greater dose of cyclophosphamide intermittently. Induction and maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia had little influence on hormonal function. Testicular biopsy at the time of cessation of chemotherapy seems to be worthwhile for the subsequent strategy of treatment, and long-term surveillance for gonadal damage of long-term survivors will be required.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Immunological subclassification of non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood.

41 cases of non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were classified by immunological criteria using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against common ALL antigen (cALLa), p24, p20 and HLA-DR antigens. Out of 41 cases, cALLa, p24, p20 and HLA-DR antigens were positive in 31 cases, 34 cases, 35 cases and 41 cases, respectively. 4 cases expressing cytoplasmic mu heavy chains were included in the group of common ALL. We demonstrated that a majority of non-T, non-B ALL would be derived from B-lineage cells. The expression of p24 and p20 was followed by the expression of cALLa and the synthesis of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. These items of evidence support the idea that the expression of cALLa, p24, p20 and HLA-DR antigens on ALL cells would be universal in the USA, Europe and Japan. Although morphologically identical, non-T, non-B ALL cases could be subdivided into phenotypically-defined subgroups on the basis of cALLa, p24, p20 and HLA-DR antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Aclacinomycin A and behenoyl arabinofuranosylcytosine combination chemotherapy for previously untreated acute leukemia.

Twenty-one patients with previously untreated acute leukemia were treated with a combination chemotherapy of 120-200 mg/m2 of aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) in five divided daily doses and behenoyl-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC) 200-250 mg/m2 for 7 days at Saitama Cancer Center between April 1980 and July 1983. Complete remission was obtained in 12 of 21 patients (57.1%; M1 0/1, M2 10/10, M3 0/2, M4 1/3, leukemic transformation from sideroblastic anemia 0/1, refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation 1/2, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 0/1). Seven of 9 patients who failed to have complete remission were crossed over to a combination chemotherapy of daunorubicin (DNR) plus BH-AC or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), or single DNR for patients with M3, yielding complete remission in 5 patients. Seven patients received a total cumulative dose of more than 600 mg/m2 of ACM-A. The maximum dose given was 2,000 mg/m2. No congestive heart failure has yet been experienced. The median survival time was 12 months. These results have demonstrated that a combination of ACM-A and BH-AC shows almost equivalent activity with that of a standard induction therapy consisting of DNR plus ara-C. In addition, it was suggested that ACM-A plus BH-AC could be incorporated into reinforcement therapy because of supposedly less cardiac toxicity.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1986

Chondrosarcoma of the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses. A case of chondrosarcoma arising from postparanasal sinuses.

A case of chondrosarcoma originating within the postethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses with intracranial invasion will be reported. The patient, a 54-year-old female, presented severe headaches and diminished visual acuity of the right eye. Angiographic findings showed both the left carotid artery to be completely occluded and the right inner carotid artery to be narrowed at the site of the carotid bifurcation. Computerized tomography scan findings showed a tumor, located mainly in the frontal base and temporal fossa, that had invaded the cranium through the skull base. Several tumor excisions were performed using a combined extranasal and transmaxillary approach. The diagnosis 'chondroma' was changed to 'chondrosarcoma' during autopsy.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Development of autologous specific reactivity to human neuroblastoma.

Antigenic analysis of neuroblastoma cells was performed by autologous typing and indirect immunofluorescent test combined with absorption tests. Serum of a patient with neuroblastoma before treatment showed weak reactivity with cultured autologous neuroblastoma cells, while serum obtained from the same patient 3 months after chemotherapy exhibited strong reactivity with the same indicator cells. This reactivity was absorbed with neither cultured autologous fibroblasts nor allogeneic tumor cells from seven neuroblastoma and two melanoma patients. In addition, cultured hematopoietic cells from two subjects, normal fetal and adult tissues also failed to remove the reactivity. This reactivity, however, was completely removed by the absorption with the cultured autologous neuroblastoma cells and the homogenate, suggesting that these neuroblastoma cells may express tumor specific antigen(s), located on neither normal cells in any stage of the development nor other malignant cells, although the cells and tissues we tested may not be adequate to confirm this.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Neural fibrosis and the effect of neurolysis.

Thickening of the fibrous element of a peripheral nerve may be caused by repeated friction, traction, constriction, ischaemia or partial rupture. The sequel may be a conduction disorder and a clinical condition such as an entrapment neuropathy or a tardy nerve palsy. Neural fibrosis is typically associated with a pseudoneuroma in continuity which has resulted from scarring and adhesions around the nerve as well as proliferation of the fibrous element within the nerve; the fibrosis may be classified as extraneural, intraneural or dispersive. We report 17 cases treated by external neurolysis, with 14 satisfactory results, and 42 patients treated by internal neurolysis with success in 37. Seven of the eight failures were in cases of dispersive fibrosis. A technique of internal neurolysis is described.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1986

[Pathogenesis and selection of treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Factors determining the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed. Small HCC was compared to large HCC. Small HCC is less encapsulated, but has less frequent vascular invasion with favorable prognosis if resectable. Liver transplantation would be indicated in small HCC, unresectable because of far-advanced liver cirrhosis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1986

Cisplatin and vindesine combination chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial comparing two dosages of cisplatin.

Forty-five patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive vindesine (3 mg/m2 every week) plus either high-dose cisplatin (120 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) or low-dose cisplatin (80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). All patients were previously untreated. The response rate for the high-dose regimen of cisplatin was 39% (9/23) and that for the low-dose regimen of cisplatin was 33% (7/21); the difference was not statistically significant. Only one patient treated with high-dose cisplatin achieved complete response, lasting 6.5 months. The median duration of response was 5.6 months (range, 2.7-7.7) in the high-dose cisplatin group and 6.8 months (range, 1.9-8.9) in the low-dose cisplatin group. The median survival times for the 23 patients treated with the high-dose regimen of cisplatin and for the 21 patients treated with the low-dose regimen of cisplatin were 9.0 and 10.8 months, respectively. Significantly more azotemia occurred in the high-dose cisplatin group than in the low-dose cisplatin group (P less than 0.05). Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesine showed significant antitumor activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the high-dose regimen of cisplatin did not result in a significantly better response rate or survival advantage, and was associated with greater toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case report of synchronous small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer successfully treated with carboplatin.

A 53-year-old man complained of anorexia and abdominal distention of one month's duration. The chest X-ray demonstrated a mass in the left lung with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and a lytic lesion in the right fourth rib. A transbronchoscopic biopsy of the mass revealed oat cell carcinoma (WHO classification). The endoscopic evaluation also revealed a gastric lesion (IIc type). Biopsy of this lesion indicated signet ring cell gastric cancer. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated multiple liver metastases. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having synchronous lung and gastric primaries, with liver and bone metastasis from lung cancer. Carboplatin (CBDCA) was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 450 mg/m2. After a second treatment with CBDCA about 3 weeks later, the patient achieved a partial response at the primary site of lung cancer as well as at the liver and bone metastases. In addition, repeat endoscopy of the stomach demonstrated a complete regression. A biopsy specimen taken by gastroscopy was negative for cancer cells. Subsequent chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer was administered with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine, and to date there is no evidence of recurrence. Further studies on CBDCA treatment of small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer are needed to establish the efficacy of this drug against these two histologically different cancers.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1986

Chemosensitivity test for human small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro.

The in vitro response to seven chemotherapeutic drugs of three established human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines (NCI H69, H128, N231) was tested by a double soft agar clonogenic assay. Colony formation by the three cell lines was universally reduced more than 50% by continuous exposure to peak plasma concentrations of all the drugs. However by exposure to one-tenth of the peak plasma concentrations, the colony growth of H69 was reduced to 25.6% and 37.7% by etoposide and teniposide, respectively, and that of N231 was reduced to 46.7%, 39.0%, 27.5% by carboplatin, etoposide and teniposide, respectively. On the other hand colony formation by the three cell lines was not suppressed more than 50% by one-hour exposure to any of the drugs tested at one-tenth of the peak plasma concentrations. By one-hour exposure to drugs at the peak plasma concentrations, colony formation by H69, H128 and N231 was reduced more than 50% by cisplatin, etoposide, teniposide and nimustin, by adriamycin, teniposide and ACNU, and by adriamycin, etoposide, teniposide and nimustin, respectively. It was concluded that these three cell lines have similar sensitivity to seven drugs commonly used against small cell lung cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗