[Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma].
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Biomedical subjects
M Sakurai
Publications and source records attributed to M Sakurai.
Successful bone marrow transplantation in a child with combined IgG subclass deficiency and neutropenia.
An 8-year-old boy with combined IgG1 deficiency and neutropenia underwent allogeneic BMT from his HLA-identical, MLC-negative sister, because immunoglobulin (Ig) infusions and prophylactic antibiotics failed to prevent life-threatening infections. Conditioning was with busulfan and cyclophosphamide, MTX and CYA were given for the prophylaxis of GVHD. For 16 months after BMT no serious infections have occurred and serum IgG1 levels have returned to the normal range without Ig replacement. BMT may be appropriate treatment for patients with IgG subclass deficiency who rarely respond to conservative therapy.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Theory of osteogenesis behavior based on calcium diffusion theory.
Osteogenesis is completed by the nucleation mechanism on crystal nuclei formation and growth after amorphous calcium phosphate accretion to collagen fibers. For nuclei formation, it is necessary to have preliminary ionic diffusion such as that of Ca2+ and PO4(3-) ions to this part. Therefore, promotion of ionic diffusion to this part is the first essential condition for osteogenesis. We have considered this phenomenon as the nucleation mechanism accompanied by preliminary diffusion behavior and shown the optimum mechanical condition on promoting this ionic diffusion. Furthermore, we noticed callus by callotasis as the typical example which fits this mechanical condition and investigated its histology. However, necking occurs at the site of callus sandwiched by cortical bones due to tensile stress, three axial tensile stress in radial and tangential directions, in addition to the tensile stress occurs at the netsection of the callus due to the constraint of cortical bones. Therefore, the size of pore along the collagen lamination and hole zone becomes large under this mechanical condition and ionic diffusion such as Ca2+, PO4(3-) is liable to occur at this part. By solving the partial differential equation of the stress-induced diffusion, diffusive particles are shown to concentrate at the high three axial tensile stress region. Therefore, a high concentrated region of Ca, PO4 is achieved and selective osteogenesis due to hydroxyapatite nucleation is considered to progress in this region. Histological investigation of the callus of rabbit showed that mineralization occurs at this site and supports the theory of stress-induced diffusion on osteogenesis behavior.
Animals↗
Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding two normal isoforms of bovine stem cell factor.
The cDNA clones encoding two isoforms of bovine stem cell factor (bSCF) were obtained using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and their sequences were determined. The deduced amino acid sequences of the longer and shorter isoforms of bSCF consist, respectively, of 274 and 246 residues and show a high degree of identity to those of SCFs of different animal species. Northern blot analysis with the cDNA revealed the expression of a 5.8 kilobase bSCF RNA in fetal bovine tissues.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial Fe/Pt(001) multilayers.
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Journal Article↗
Sequence of a bovine c-kit proto-oncogene cDNA.
The Kit protein is a cell-surface tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. cDNA clones encoding a protein homologous to the mouse and human Kit were isolated from a bovine cerebrum cDNA library. The deduced amino-acid sequence shows 83 and 90% identity to the mouse and human Kit, respectively.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Identification of a P-glycoprotein-related protein (mini-P-glycoprotein) which is overexpressed in multidrug resistant cells.
Drug resistant variant cell lines were selected in vitro for resistance to adriamycin or vincristine, P388/ADR and P388/VCR-600, respectively, from P388 murine leukemia cells. These cells were demonstrated by immunoblot studies with P-glycoprotein specific monoclonal antibody (C219) to overexpress not only P-glycoprotein but also approximately 65 kDa protein, and the expression levels were found to correlate with the degree of resistance. Furthermore, in Northern blot analysis with an MDR1 cDNA as a probe, an overexpressed transcript with the length of about 2.4 kilobases which might encode this previously uncharacterized protein was also detected in the multidrug resistant cell line. Thus, it is suggested that this protein might be associated with multidrug resistant phenotype and be related to P-glycoprotein.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
There may be two tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arm 1p closely associated with biologically distinct subtypes of neuroblastoma.
We studied loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 1p in 108 neuroblastomas using 14 polymorphic DNA markers. One-hundred and four tumors with one or more informative loci; 21 (20%) of the 104 tumors showed LOH on 1p, and were classified into three groups on the basis of interstitial or terminal allelic loss, and presence or absence of LOH on 1p. Seven of the 21 tumors showed an interstitial deletion which encompassed a small region in 1p36 (group A), and the other 14 showed a terminal deletion which encompassed the region from 1pter to 1p32 (group B). Eighty-three tumors without LOH on 1p were classified as group C. The group A patients were mostly less than 12 months of age (6/7), were frequently found by a mass screening program for infants (5/7), had a tumor of non-adrenal origin, and rarely progressed to stage IV (1/7). Most group B patients were 12 months or older (11/14), were found clinically (11/14), had tumors of adrenal origin, and progressed to stage IV (10/14). Analysis of biologic characteristics in group C tumors suggested that they may comprise group A and B tumors. While all group A tumors were in the triploid range (3n) (4/4), most group B tumors were diploid (2n) or tetraploid (4n) (7/10). MYCN amplification was found in 8 group B tumors, but in none of group A tumors. Event-free survivals of groups A, B, and C patients at 3 years were 86, 49, and 74%, respectively (P = 0.0287). These findings suggest that there may be two tumor suppressor genes on 1p which are closely associated with two biologically distinct subtypes of neuroblastoma.
Alleles↗
Effect of capacitively coupled electric fields on an experimental model of delayed union of fracture.
To evaluate the effect of capacitively coupled electric fields (CCEF) on delayed union of fractures, an experimental model of delayed union was produced in the radius of rabbits, and the process of healing was investigated by radiography, bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and histological survey. It was confirmed radiographically and histologically that callus formation was enhanced in the group treated with CCEF. After stimulation, the average BMD increased more than 18% compared with the controls. Our experiment on a delayed union model suggests that CCEF is effective for the treatment of delayed union of fractures.
Animals↗
Introduction of exogenous DNA into somatic and germ cells of chickens by microinjection into the germinal disc of fertilized ova.
The plasmid DNA, pAcZ, containing Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene under the control of chicken beta-actin gene promoter was injected in a linearized form into the germinal disc of fertilized chick ova at the single-cell stage. The manipulated embryos were cultured by the method of Naito et al. (1990) until hatching. The rate of hatching was 11.8% (31/263), and 19 males and 6 females were matured. DNA from blood and semen samples of the 25 matured chickens was analyzed for the presence of the injected DNA by Southern blot hybridization. The injected DNA was detected in the blood DNA of one male and in the sperm DNA of another male up to 13 months after hatching, indicating that the injected DNA was stably maintained in these chickens. Restriction digestion analysis of the injected DNA suggested that it was not rearranged and was organized as head-to-tail multimers. The copy numbers of the DNA were 0.07-0.02 in the blood DNA of one male per diploid genome, and 0.02-0.015 in the sperm DNA of another male, indicating that the exogenous DNA was present in limited populations of blood and sperm cells.
Animals↗
Liposome-mediated DNA transfer into chicken primordial germ cells in vivo.
In embryogenesis, avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) circulate temporarily in the blood vessels at stages 10-15 (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), before reaching the gonads. In an attempt to transfer cloned genes into PGCs, liposome consisting of reporter plasmid DNA and N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammoniummethylsulf ate was injected into the marginal veins of embryos at stages 11-15. As reporter plasmids, pRSVZ and pAcZ harboring the Escherichia coli lacZ gene driven, respectively, by the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter and the chicken beta-actin gene promoter were used. First, 55 embryos were injected with liposome containing pRSVZ and stained for the bacterial beta-galactosidase activity 24 hr after injection. In all the embryos, cells positive for beta-galactosidase activity were observed among the blood cells, endothelial cells, and endocardium cells of the heart, suggesting that transfection took place within the circulatory system. Then, embryos were injected with liposome containing pRSVZ or pAcZ, and stained 2 or 3 d after injection. PGCs positive for beta-galactosidase activity were observed in the gonads in four out of 44 embryos injected with pRSVZ, and 29 out of 71 embryos injected with pAcZ, indicating that the plasmid DNA was transferred into PGCs developing normally. The average number of positive PGCs per embryo was 0.2 and 2.1, respectively, when pRSVZ and pAcZ were introduced. The difference in the number of positive PGCs detected after introduction of the two plasmids suggests that the actin promoter has a higher level of transcriptional activity in PGCs than does the RSV promoter.
Animals↗
Age-related changes of the prostate gland in the senescence-accelerated mouse.
Aging is of utmost importance in the pathogenesis of the prostate gland (i.e., benign prostate hyperplasia or prostatic carcinoma). The object of this study was to examine the morphological and histological changes of the aging prostate of the so-called senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). Ventral and dorsolateral lobes of prostate glands of SAM were microdissected into two-dimensional ductal arrays. Gross morphology, ductal branching patterns, and histology were examined in these microdissected specimens. Wet weight and numbers of ductal tips in ventral and dorsolateral prostate glands in senescence accelerated-prone (SA-P) mice were significantly smaller than those of senescence accelerated-resistant (SA-R) mice, although the changes of patterns of gross ductal morphology were virtually identical in these groups. High incidence of stromal hyperplasia with fibrosis and inflammation was observed in the dorsal lobe of the aged SA-P mouse. Atypical glandular epithelial cells and cribriform glandular deformity were observed in the dorsal and lateral lobe of aged SA-P mice. Marked heterogeneity in age-related pathological changes was observed between prostatic lobes. These data suggest that the aging process occurs heterogeneously within the prostate gland, and that SA-P mice may be an important model for the study of age-related changes in the prostate gland.
Aging↗
Apoptotic cell death induced by anti-IgM antibody and phorbol esters is inhibited by interleukin-4 in human B lymphoma cell line MBC-1.
The development of B cell tolerance is believed to involve negative signaling to B cells derived from the binding of antigen to the B cell surface immunoglobulin. B cell lines that receive negative signals may provide useful models for studying the mechanisms of B cell tolerance. We have established a human B lymphoma cell line, MBC-1, positive for both surface IgM and IgD. The growth of MBC-1 cells is inhibited by anti-IgM antibody but not by anti-IgD antibody. The rapid time course of MBC-1 cell death, the morphologic feature of dying cells, and DNA fragmentation indicate that surface IgM cross-linking induces apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, interleukin-4 (IL-4) could rescue MBC-1 cells from this apoptotic signal. BCL-2 protein is neither expressed nor induced in MBC-1 cells. The treatment of MBC-1 cells with IL-4 does not interfere with mobilization of Ca2+ or induce any phenotypical change. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate also induced growth inhibition followed by apoptotic cell death in MBC-1 cells. IL-4 is able to protect MBC-1 cells from cell death, but not from growth inhibition induced by protein kinase C activators. The results collectively suggest that IL-4 could inhibit the transduction of apoptotic signal following the activation of protein kinase C in MBC-1 cells.
Apoptosis↗
Primary leiomyosarcoma or leiomyoma of the pubic bone? A case report.
We report a case of what appeared to be a primary leiomyosarcoma of the left pubic bone of a female aged 23 years. Forty-eight cases of the tumour have been recorded in the literature since 1944, only two of which were in the pelvis. The tumour in our patient was treated by curettage and there was no recurrence in the following 3 years. The tumour cells showed only mild cellular atypism and 2 to 3 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. These finding suggest that the tumour might be an extremely rare leiomyoma of bone.
Adult↗
Combined oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate enhances the antitumor effect against P388 ascites tumors.
We investigated the antitumor effect of oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate (C18PCA) against P388 ascites tumors in B6D2F1 mice. Etoposide (25 mg/kg) and C18PCA (5 mg/kg) were given orally on days 1-5 after tumor inoculation. The median life span of the mice treated with etoposide or C18PCA alone was 19.5 and 18 days, respectively. The combination of both drugs significantly extended the median life span to 33 days. To clarify this enhancement of the increase in median life span, we examined intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools, cell-cycle distribution, DNA fragmentation, and the time course of the plasma drug concentration. Etoposide had no effect on intracellular dNTP pools in this experimental system, whereas treatment of cells with C18PCA or with the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant increase in dTTP pools to values ranging from 1.8- to 2.0-fold higher than the control levels. There was a significant increase in cells in the S + G2/M phase when cells had been treated with both etoposide and C18PCA. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA revealed that C18PCA enhanced the fragmentation of DNA, with a length of about 180 bp being induced by etoposide. The plasma peak levels of etoposide (1000 nM) and ara-C (50 nM) were observed at 20 and 30 min after the simultaneous administration of both drugs, respectively. The plasma etoposide level gradually decreased to 10% of the peak level at 240 min after administration. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of ara-C was maintained at above 20 nM at 240 min. These observations suggest that C18PCA and etoposide act on P388 murine leukemic cells by accumulating cells in the S + G2/M phase. Even if the plasma concentration of ara-C is low, the repair of DNA damage by etoposide may be hindered in the presence of ara-C following an increase in DNA fragmentation.
Administration, Oral↗
Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results.
Sled impact tests on mechanical substitutes for a pedestrian were conducted as a preliminary study for the purpose of developing a subsystem test procedure for the assessment of car-front aggressiveness to pedestrian legs. Four mechanical substitutes for a pedestrian were used in the test: the leg of a rotationally symmetrical pedestrian dummy (RSPD) as the representation of a subsystem, a HYBRID-II pedestrian dummy, a modified HYBRID-II pedestrian dummy equipped with a steel bar serving as knee joint, and a RSPD - HYBRID-IIP combined dummy in which the lower part of the RSPD and the upper part of the HYBRID-IIP were connected by a joint in such a way that the movements of the upper part were similar to those in cadaver tests. In the tests the following were evaluated: (i) the influence of vehicle shape on knee response and on vehicle impact force; (ii) the influence of the upper body mass on knee response and on vehicle impact forces; (iii) the influence of the bumper system on knee response, the kinematics of pedestrian mechanical substitute, and on vehicle impact forces; (iv) the influence of pedestrian mechanical substitute characteristics on its kinematics and knee response, and on vehicle impact forces. This paper describes a primary concept when subsystem test methods for the assessment of car-front aggressiveness to pedestrian legs in a car-pedestrian collision are considered.
Acceleration↗
Remarkable activation of polyamine biosynthesis in hematopoiesis and hyperplasia of spleen in mice with hemolytic anemia caused by infection with Plasmodium berghei.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was markedly induced in the spleen of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, showing maximal activity at 8 days after the infection. The increase of spleen weight, on the other hand, reached its peak after 14 days of infection. In the blood of P. berghei-infected mice, no increase of ODC activity was observed. This indicated that ODC was induced in the spleen cells, but not in the parasites themselves which existed in the blood. Polyamines (putrescine, spermadine and spermine) were also elevated in the spleen following induction of the ODC activity. On the other hand, increases of ODC activity and spleen weight were observed in the spleen of mice with hemolytic anemia induced by acetylphenylhydrazine, but the extent of these increases were smaller than those in the spleen of mice infected with P. berghei. The present results suggest that increases in ODC activity and polyamine levels in the spleen of P. berghei-infected mice are related to hyperplasia of the spleen (splenomegaly) where the formation of leukocytes and erythrocytes (hematopoiesis) was dramatically stimulated by the infection.
Anemia, Hemolytic↗
Impaired cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in leukemic children with prolonged CMV viruria.
To determine the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in leukemic children after CMV infection, CMI to CMV antigen was studied using CMV-specific lymphocyte blastogenic responses (LBR) and interferon (IFN) production. Four children, who continuously secreted CMV in urine more than 2 years after symptomatic CMV infection (CMV disease) (group 1), showed impaired LBR to CMV antigen, though they had normal LBR to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Impairment of LBR either to AD-169 strains or autologous and heterologous wild strains was observed. IFN production was not detected in three of four children. Six leukemic children, who had no viruria after cessation of CMV disease (group 2), showed good responses to CMV antigens. IFN was detected in all six children in group 2. Eight leukemic children, who were seropositive to CMV at the onset of leukemia (group 3), showed good responses to CMV antigens and IFN production. These results suggest that impaired cell-mediated immunity to CMV antigen might contribute to prolonged excretion of CMV in urine in leukemic children.
Adolescent↗