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Biomedical subjects

M Sachs

Publications and source records attributed to M Sachs.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of starch malabsorption on fecal short-chain fatty acid excretion in man.

To study the impact of starch malabsorption on fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, 11 healthy volunteers consumed a controlled diet rich in starch for 2 4-week periods. They received the glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (Bay g 5421) in one of the study periods and placebo in the other. Stool wet weight increased by 68% and stool dry weight by 57% with acarbose. The fecal concentration (mumol/g wet weight) of n-butyrate (+58%) rose significantly when acarbose was added to the diet. The fecal excretion (mmol/day) of total short-chain fatty acids (+95%) and of their constituents acetate (+97%) and n-butyrate (+182%) was significantly higher when starch malabsorption was induced by acarbose.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in prevention of bovine parturient paresis. 8. Maternal and neonatal plasma calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D metabolites concentrations.

Thirteen Israeli Friesian cows (3.71 average calvings) in the second or later lactation, fed a daily diet containing 90 g of Ca and 50 g of P, were injected once intramuscularly with 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in order to investigate its placental transfer and its subsequent metabolism in the neonate. The injection of the vitamin 96 to 24 h before calving slightly increased plasma Ca at parturition, whereas uninjected controls displayed a prominent hypo-calcemia. On the 10th and 20th d after calving, difference in the plasma Ca concentration of the two groups was not significant. At parturition, plasma parathyroid hormone concentration was significantly higher and plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D lower in the control than in the treated cows. At parturition the plasma concentrations of Ca, parathyroid hormone, hydroxyproline, and 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D were higher in the calves than in their dams. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were markedly higher and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D was slightly higher in cows than in their offsprings.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the soft tissue. Histology and ultrastructural cytology].

Described in this paper is a case of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of soft tissue localised in the subcutis of the upper arm of a 47-year old man. The tumour was histologically characterized by cords and nests of plump epithelioid cells separated from each other by typical myxohyaline stroma. Light microscopy revealed also definite vasoformative areas and solid regions with vacuolization which were indicative of so-called intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Atypical nuclei were conspicuous findings. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated the endothelial origin of the lesion. Immunohistochemical investigations also revealed the presence of cellular areas which produced positive response to "factor-VIII-associated antigen". Ultrastructurally the tumour cells exhibited densely packed microfilaments, 8 nm to 10 nm in thickness, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The latter were lined and delimited by single membranes, and some of these exhibiting luminal microvilli. The tumour cells exhibited typical pinocytotic vacuoles, with the cords or nests being encircled by thin basal membranes. Typical Weibel-Palade bodies were detectable in some cells. Also recordable from certain cells were intracytoplasmic crystalloid inclusion bodies of a kind never described before in the context of tumour cells of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Those inclusions were composed of substructural units of parallel electrodense lines, 19nm to 21nm in periodicity. The nature of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma and its relations with intravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumours (IVBAT) and myxoid angioblastomatosis of bone were discussed in some detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Morphological pathology of classic Kaposi's sarcoma. Ultrastructural studies and reflections on histogenesis].

Histological and electron-microscopic studies were conducted into biopsy material from cases of what is called the classical type of idiopathic Kaposi's sarcoma without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ultrastructural analysis was conducted, with the view to characterizing a possible progenitor cell from which the angioblastic and fibroblastic elements were likely to originate. The biopsy material had been obtained from two males, aged 86 or 83 years, who had been afflicted with the disease for 18 or 8 years. The nodular lesions were typical of Kaposi's sarcoma and were, histologically, made up of variable mixtures of vascular and spindle cell elements. The angiomatous structures were a capillary meshwork or sinusoidal patterns lined by atypical endothelial cells. The spindle cell areas contained large numbers of slit-like spaces which were without endothelial lining but were stuffed with erythrocytes. Flattened endothelioid cells were recordable from semi-thin-sections of some clefts. Haemosiderin was, typically, deposited in places. Electron microscopically, the endothelial cells of vascular channels exhibited varying amounts of characteristic organelles, such as Weibel-Palade bodies, microfilaments and pinocytotic vesicles as well as basal membranes. Cells with typical endothelial markers, too, were detectable in solid sprouts or in capillary-like differentiations with narrow or small lumina. The spindle cell tumour areas consisted of fibroblastic cells with plenty of rough endoplasmic reticulum and surrounded by material of basal membrane nature. Also visible were solid, sprout-type multilayer cell complexes surrounded by basal membranes which exhibited undifferentiated or primitive cellular forms, endothelioid and pericytic. Transitional forms from these complexes to the above vascular tumours or the spindle-cell formations were detectable. These ultrastructural findings might be interpreted to the effect that an angioblastically determined mesenchymal cell, a so-called endothelioblast, was thinkable and was discussed as the precursor cell of atypical vascular and spindle cell proliferation in Kaposi's sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Postaggression metabolism following laparotomy and thoracotomy].

The purpose of this investigation was to collect data concerning changes in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism following different surgical operations (thoracotomies, laparotomies). Blood of 20 metabolically healthy adult surgical patients, who had to undergo elective surgery (lobectomies, pneumonectomies, colon resections) was examined preoperatively, immediately postoperatively and from 1.-4.postoperative day. The experimental data during the perioperative phase showed a similar pattern in both groups of patients: We found a significant elevation in the blood glucose level and there was also a rise in plasma cortisol and plasma free fatty acids levels. We found no significant changes of blood lactate, plasma insulin and branched chain amino acids. Simultaneously we found a drop in plasma albumin, pre-albumin and some glucoplastic amino acids (ALA, GLN, THR, PRO). It is concluded that major abdominal and thoracic surgery give rise to a nonspecific stress situation reflected in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism with the following metabolic symptoms: Raised lipolysis and gluconeogenesis, disturbance of glucose utilisation and obvious peripheral insulin resistance. These perioperative metabolic effects show some similarities to the metabolic situation in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis.

One hundred and seventeen Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 per cent were injected intramuscularly with either 350 micrograms 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha OHD3) in propylene glycol or with the vehicle alone, close to calving. If parturition had not occurred within 72 hours a second injection was administered; parturition was induced two days after the second injection if necessary. There were 10 cases of milk fever among 57 control cows as opposed to two cases among the 60 animals treated with 1 alpha OHD3. In an attempt to prolong the effect of the drug, Israeli-Friesian cows were injected intramuscularly with 350 micrograms 1 alpha OHD3 in either 10 ml propylene glycol or arachis oil. 1 alpha OHD3 in arachis oil did not prolong the effect of the drug. 1 alpha OHD3 in propylene glycol increased plasma calcium concentrations more rapidly than when the drug was administered in oil. Additional cows of the same breed and age were injected intramuscularly with 350 micrograms 1 alpha OHD3 in propylene glycol. Five of the animals received a second dose four days, and five received a second dose five days after the first injection. Five animals served as uninjected controls. The plasma calcium levels of the injected cows were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of the controls from the second until the 14th day after the first injection. Based on these results 451 Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 per cent were injected intramuscularly with 1 alpha OHD3 close to calving.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis. IX. Early and late effects of a single injection.

Israeli Friesian cows in the third or later lactation were injected intramuscularly (serratus muscle of the neck) with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in propylene glycol in order to compare the short-term and long-term effects of the drug. Following injection of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, the D-derivative appeared in the plasma after 12 h and reached a peak 24 h after injection. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased as early as 6 h and peaked at 24 h. Plasma calcium increased after 6 h and peaked 4 to 5 d after the injection. The administration of a single dose of 350 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 at 7 to 8 d before calving did not prevent periparturient hypocalcaemia observed in the uninjected control cows. A single injection of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 7 to 8 d before parturition prevented hypocalcemia at calving. There were no significant differences in plasma calcium 4 to 21 d after calving between the injected and control cows nor were there any cases of delayed postparturient hypocalcemia or milk fever. Results suggest that 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 prolonged the calcemic effect of the drug and prevented hypocalcemia at parturition, even if administered 6 to 8 d before calving.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The arteria radialis superficialis. An unusual variation of the arteria radialis of man and its phylogenetic significance].

During the clinical investigation of 570 soldiers of the German army, we were not able to feel the pulse in 5 cases at the typical place of the radial pulse in the distal part of the forearm. In these 5 cases we were able to find a subcutaneous artery which coursed superficial to the anatomical snuffbox and crossed superficial to the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle. This superficial radial artery enters the deep aspect of the palm between the first and the second metacarpale bones. In three cases we found a bilateral occurrence of this artery, the other variations were observed unilaterally, two on the right side and one on the left side of the forearm. In the family of two patients other members were found who had the same variation of the radial artery. In one of the cases an arteriography of the vessels was made to find the exact anatomical course of the observed variation. We compared our results with the literature on this variation of the radial artery and found agreement on the following course for this vessel. The radial artery divides in the distal fourth of the forearm (5-7 cm proximal to the wrist joint) into two branches. The dorsal branch courses subcutaneously over the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle and runs over the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle to enter the deep aspect of the palm in the first metacarpal space. This dorsal branch courses parallel to the superficial branch of the radial nerve. The palmar branch can be regarded as the 'normal' radial artery, which continues along the medial border of the brachioradialis muscle and courses deep under the tendons of the dorsal muscles of the thumb. The rare appearance (frequency approximately 1%) of a superficial radial artery in man has probably some phylogenetic importance. This is proven by studies on the comparative anatomy of mammals. This variation of the radial artery seems to be homologous to the superficial radial artery which is described in many lower mammals. In human embryos a superficial radial artery is found as well which courses parallel to the superficial branch of the radial nerve and ends on the dorsal side of the hand. Taking all the anatomical and embryological facts into consideration we propose to name this variation of the radial artery the 'arteria radialis superficialis'.

Arteries↗
PubMed1986

Sequential sampling and analysis of renal hydroxylase activities of cattle given 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.

A new method was developed for sequential sampling of bovine renal cortex. This method results in minimum hemorrhage and adhesions and provides sufficient renal cortex tissue for assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-, 24-, and 23-hydroxylase activities. Application of this procedure in calves and pregnant cows treated with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is described. The success of these experiments suggests these techniques could be used to follow enzyme activities that control crucial aspects of vitamin D metabolism in normal peripartum cows and cows with milk fever or other diseases of mineral metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 to prevent bovine parturient paresis. VI. Concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D3 equivalence in milk.

Concentration of vitamin D metabolites was determined in the milk of control and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3-injected (700 micrograms) cows that calved 36 to 43 h after treatment. Milk samples were taken 60 h after calving. Concentrations of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in milk of the control cows were 372 +/- 24, 264 +/- 68, 68 +/- 26, and 21 +/- 3 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in the milk of the treated cows did not differ significantly from those of controls. Concentration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in milk of treated cows was less than 20 ng/L. In a second experiment, cows were injected twice, at 72-h intervals, with 350 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. Milk was taken 60 h after parturition from cows that calved 37 to 60 h after the second injection. The vitamin D3 equivalence of the milk was 40 +/- 3 IU/L. Results indicate that injection of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 did not affect the concentration of vitamin D metabolites or the vitamin D3 equivalence of milk taken 60 h after calving.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of recurrent acute otitis media: chemoprophylaxis versus tympanostomy tubes.

Otitis media has long been recognized as one of the most common diseases of childhood. Several therapeutic modalities have been advocated for the prevention of recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (AOM). A blinded, prospective, randomized study was designed to determine the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes, antibiotic prophylaxis, and placebo. Children with recurrent AOM were entered in the study and followed for at least 6 months. A total of 65 children completed the protocol. Sixty-three of those were under the age of 4 years. Treatment failure was defined as two or more episodes of AOM or otorrhea in less than 3 months. Five of 22 children in the tympanostomy tube group failed, compared to 12 of 20 in the placebo group (p = .02). There were 8 or 21 treatment failures in the sulfisoxazole group. Children with otitis media with effusion (OME) at the time of their initial visit had significantly less middle ear disease when treated with tympanostomy tubes. Tympanostomy tube insertion for prophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis is supported by these findings. Improvement of recurrent AOM was observed in the sulfisoxazole group, but was not statistically significant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Temporalis muscle transfer: a vascular bed for autogenous dermis-fat orbital implantation.

Nine patients with contracted avascular sockets who were unable to wear prostheses, and whose prospects for maintaining viable autogenous dermis-fat grafts were diminished, underwent temporalis muscle transfer into the orbit through a window in the lateral orbital wall. The temporalis transposition was used as a vascular bed for dermis-fat orbital implantation. Postoperatively, seven of nine patients were able to wear satisfactory prostheses and four of nine patients had amelioration of their superior sulcus deformities.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Observation on the use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis: the effect of a single injection on plasma 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, and hydroxyproline.

Israeli Friesian cows in the third or later lactation, were injected intramuscularly with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in propylene glycol. Plasma 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 to 48 h after 700 micrograms of the drug was injected and decreased to the initial concentration 4 d later. The disappearance rate of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 from the blood was .330 d-1 (biological half-life of 2.1 d). Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 to 48 h after the injection and approached the initial concentration 5 to 7 d later. Plasma calcium increased within 24 h, reached a plateau at 4 to 6 d, and then decreased. Administration of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in higher plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium concentrations than when 350 micrograms of the drug was injected. 1 alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D3 did not affect plasma hydroxyproline. The injection of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 52 to 36 h before parturition resulted in a greater increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 than that obtained with 350 micrograms. In both groups 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 h after injection, as opposed to the controls, which peaked 72 h postpartum. At parturition, the 700-micrograms dose resulted in a slight hypercalcemia; the 350-micrograms dose moderated the hypocalcemia prevalent during this period, whereas in controls hypocalcemia was more pronounced. In cows injected with 700 micrograms, hypercalcemia was observed until the 15th d postpartum. Plasma hydroxyproline was elevated in all cows 48 to 72 h after parturition, but the increase was smaller in animals injected with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of caffeine on various metabolic parameters in vivo].

The metabolic actions of caffeine were investigated in the rat (90 mg/kg bw caffeine intravenously during 3 hours) and in human volunteers (35 mg/kg bw caffeine orally) in the fasting state. Additionally, the effects of caffeine were measured during simultaneous intravenous glucose infusion (0.25 mg/kg bw/h during 6 hours in humans and 1.8 mg/kg bw/h during 3 hours in the rat). In the fasting rat, intravenous caffeine caused an increase in the serum concentrations of glucose, urea, insulin, and free fatty acids, whereas a decrease in glucoplastic amino acids was found. As the liver glycogen concentration was not altered, the increase in blood glucose should be due to an increase in glyconeogenesis. During simultaneous application of carbohydrates and caffeine, the increases in the concentration of blood glucose and serum insulin were intensified, whereas the serum concentrations of lactate and urea as well as hepatic glycogen were not altered. In fasting male volunteers caffeine caused an increase in the concentrations of blood glucose, cortisol, insulin, free fatty acids, free glycerol and ketone bodies. During intravenous glucose infusion, caffeine intensified the decrease in serum phosphate induced by carbohydrates. Neither in volunteers nor in the experimental animal, an alteration in the concentrations of cholesterol or serum triglycerides or serum uric acid was effected by caffeine. It is concluded that high dosed caffeine causes peripheral insulin resistance in the human being as well as in the experimental animal. This peripheral insulin resistance is shown by the simultaneous large increases in concentrations of serum insulin, blood glucose and concentration of free fatty acids. In this situation insulin obviously is not able to inhibit lipolysis or gluconeogenesis nor to increase peripheral glucose utilisation. These metabolic effects of caffeine show some similarities to the metabolic situation in diabetes mellitus type 2 (Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes mellitus).

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗