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Biomedical subjects

M S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to M S Wilson.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Mass spectral fragmentation of 5alpha-hydroxysteroids.

The mass spectra of a number of C-4alpha- and C-4beta-alkylated cholestan-3beta, 5alpha-diols have been found to contain an intense ion at m/e 332. the corresponding 6beta-alkylated (R) cholestan-3beta, 5alpha-diols exhibit an abundant ion at m/e 331 + R. The mass spectra of cholestan-5alpha-ol and cholestan-3beta, 5alpha-diol also show an ion at m/e 332 which, however, is of relatively low abundance. The ion in question appears to arise from fragmentation processes which are characteristics of 5alpha-hydroxysteroids. A similar fragmentation has been found to occur in cases of C-4 and C-6beta-alkylated 5alpha-hysroxy-cholestan-3-ones. The results of isotopic labeling, high resolution and metastable ion defocusing studies are discussed in terms of the origin of several of the ions in the spectra of the various compounds.

Cholestanes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nefiracetam improves Morris water maze performance following traumatic brain injury in rats.

Nefiracetam, a pyrrolidone derivative, is a nootropic agent that has facilitated cognitive function in a wide variety of animal models of cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the chronic postinjury administration of nefiracetam (DM-9384) in improving cognitive performance following central fluid percussion brain injury in rats. Twenty-four hours following surgical preparation, a sham injury or a moderate fluid percussive injury (2.1 atm) was delivered. Nefiracetam was administered chronically (0 or 9 mg/kg, po, for sham animals and 0, 3, or 9 mg/kg for injured animals) on postinjury days 1-15. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) on postinjury days 11-15. Chronic administration of 3 and 9 mg/kg nefiracetam attenuated MWM deficits produced by central fluid percussive brain injury. Importantly, the MWM performance of the injured animals treated with 9 mg/kg did not significantly differ from uninjured, sham animals. The 9-mg/kg dose of nefiracetam did not have a positive or negative effect on MWM performance of uninjured animals. The results of the present experiment suggest that a nootropic such as nefiracetam may be an appropriate treatment for trauma-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testosterone and cortisol levels in crewmen of U.S. Air Force fighter and cargo planes.

Serum levels of cortisol and testosterone were measured in 39 United States Air Force personnel on active duty flying status. The subjects selected belonged to one of the following categories: pilot of a fighter-type aircraft, nonpilot on a fighter plane, pilot of a cargo-type aircraft, or nonpilot on a cargo plane. Blood samples were taken prior to and after a routine flying mission. Cortisol levels prior to the flight did not differ across groups. However, postflight samples of cortisol were elevated in the nonpilots, in comparison to the pilots, regardless of aircraft type. Conversely, while testosterone levels were unaffected by crew position, the men flying on fighter-type planes had lower serum levels than did those on cargo planes. These results suggest that hormone levels may be differentially affected by the stressors of routine military flight.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Equipment specifications for supported treadmill ambulation training.

Supported Treadmill Ambulation Training (STAT) is a mode of therapy for gait retraining for patients with spinal cord injuries or other upper motor neuron dysfunction. The STAT program involves simultaneously supporting a portion of the patient's weight while gait training on a treadmill. STAT has been successful in improving the gait of many research subjects, but has not been widely applied in clinical practice. The goal of this study was to acquire practical, clinically useful information regarding this therapeutic intervention in order to remove barriers to its use. This manuscript enumerates equipment specifications for the treadmill, body weight support (BWS) system, and harness. The ergonomics of the work space are also considered, since the therapist(s) will need access to the patient's legs during therapy. The specific recommendations were determined through prior clinical experience, consultation of anthropometric tables, and application of engineering principles. The guidelines listed are intended to facilitate safe and effective application of the therapy at minimum hardware cost.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytologic findings in the black thyroid syndrome.

The cytologic presentation of a case of minocycline-associated black thyroid adenoma in a 30-year-old woman is described. A nodule was discovered in the left lobe of the patient's thyroid gland, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed; the nodule and adjacent thyroid were subsequently surgically removed. The cytologic findings included sparse groups of epithelial cells with prominent intracytoplasmic pigment granules. The surgical specimen was interpreted as black thyroid adenoma. This case is unusual in that the pigment had accumulated preferentially in the adenoma. In retrospect, the finding of distinctive pigment in the aspirate of the nodule suggests that the black thyroid syndrome should be considered whenever dark-brown pigment is encountered in FNA cytologic specimens from the thyroid gland.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of functional, urological, and environmental characteristics on urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older women.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of functional, urological, and environmental characteristics to the frequency of urinary incontinence in 131 community-dwelling older women. Subjects with detrusor instability with or without concomitant genuine stress incontinence had significantly more impaired physical functioning, slower gait speeds, smaller bladder capacities, and less ability to delay voiding than subjects with genuine stress incontinence alone. Age, distance to toilet used most, and toilet-gait speed explained 17% of the variance in incontinence severity. Younger age, slower mobility, and a shorter distance to reach the toilet were associated with a higher frequency of incontinence. Physical functional status and urological characteristics, including urodynamic diagnosis, did not predict incontinence severity. These findings confirm, in part, the commonly held assumption that mobility and the environment influence urinary incontinence.

Activities of Daily Living↗