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Biomedical subjects

M S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to M S Wilson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Malignant histiocytosis. A reassessment of cases previously reported in 1975 based on paraffin section immunophenotyping studies.

Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is a term that has been used to describe a syndrome in which there is a systemic proliferation of cells that have the cytologic appearance of atypical histiocytes. Biopsy materials from 15 patients with malignant lymphoma diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis in a previous study reported in 1975 were analyzed by a panel of antibodies and reclassified using current nosologic concepts of malignant lymphoma. The antibodies used comprised reagents detecting a formalin-resistant epitope on B-cells (L26), T-cells (anti-CD3, anti-leu 22 [CD43], and UCHL1 [CD45RO]), monocyte/macrophage-derived cells (KP1 [CD68]), as well as antibodies that detect leukocyte common antigen (PD7 [CD45RB]), and a formalin-resistant epitope of Ki-1 (Ber-H2 [CD30]). The authors found that nine lymphomas had a profile consistent with T-lineage, including six in which Ki-1 (CD30) was coexpressed, and two were B-lineage. Three lymphomas showed no specific lineage characteristics although two were Ki-1 (CD30) positive, and none had expression of KP1 (CD68). The 12 lymph node biopsy specimens showed a variety of patterns of involvement, including sinusoidal, paracortical, and diffuse; the spleens showed predominantly red pulp involvement. A 15th case was believed most consistent with a virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. These findings support previous suggestions that the majority of cases diagnosed as MH represent T-lineage-associated hematolymphoid neoplasms, and that only a rare case will be of monocyte/macrophage origin. It is suggested that the term MH be subsumed under the rubric of large cell lymphoma and unless there are compelling immunohistochemical data to support a histiocytic origin, that the term MH be abandoned in favor of a more accurate descriptive term, such as sinusoidal large cell lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A monoclonal antibody raised against an undecapeptide sequence from human transforming growth factor alpha recognizes a hexapeptide epitope in mitotic centrosomes.

A monoclonal antibody (mAbIIa138) raised against the second-loop undecapeptide (residues [21-31]) of human transforming growth factor alpha, known to be involved in binding to its cell receptor, was found to define a hexapeptide epitope (RFLVQE, residues [22-27]). In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing mAbIIa138 did not react with either native or reduced human transforming growth factor alpha, indicating that conformational restraints in this protein interfered with the antigenicity of the cognate sequence. Despite its failure to react with human transforming growth factor alpha, this monoclonal antibody proved very interesting when used to immunostain mammalian cells. mAbIIa138 was found to bind with great specificity to the centrosomes of late-interphase and mitotic cells. The staining of the centrosomes was most intense when the centrosomes were active in organizing the mitotic spindle and faded during telophase as the spindle was disaggregated. The epitope that mAbIIa138 recognizes is thus in a centrosomal protein, denoted CSP alpha, involved in some aspect of mitotic spindle organization or function. Analysis of the antigenic stringency of the epitope, using an amino acid replacement set, showed that 25 individual single amino acid replacements were possible without significant loss of antigenicity. Data bank searches for proteins of possible relevance were unsuccessful, so CSP alpha is an as yet unsequenced protein, specific to the centrosome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The effects of rHuIFN-alpha A/D on brain lipids and behavior of neonatal ICR Swiss albino mice.

Systemic administration of interferon (IFN) can cause reversible neurologic side effects, but there is little information on its effect on the developing nervous system. We studied the effects of daily, subcutaneous injections of recombinant human interferon-alpha A/D (rHuIFN-alpha A/D) (which has biological activity in mice) on brain development of neonatal ICR Swiss albino mice. Animals were treated daily between 8 and 20 days of age (doa) with 5 x 10(4) units (U) of rHuIFN-alpha A/D and sacrificed at 24, 62, and 111 doa following testing in an active avoidance paradigm. Results show that rHuIFN-alpha A/D causes transient decreases in body and brain weights. There were no changes in brain total lipid, ganglioside, phosphorus, or cholesterol content, but there was a transient decrease in neutral glycolipid content. In addition, treated animals exhibited decreased spontaneous activity levels and an impaired retention of a learned behavior. These results suggest that there are some long-term treatment effects on behavior following administration of rHuIFN-alpha A/D to mice during the neonatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Physical and genetic map of the major nif gene cluster from Azotobacter vinelandii.

Determination of a 28,793-base-pair DNA sequence of a region from the Azotobacter vinelandii genome that includes and flanks the nitrogenase structural gene region was completed. This information was used to revise the previously proposed organization of the major nif cluster. The major nif cluster from A. vinelandii encodes 15 nif-specific genes whose products bear significant structural identity to the corresponding nif-specific gene products from Klebsiella pneumoniae. These genes include nifH, nifD, nifK, nifT, nifY, nifE, nifN, nifX, nifU, nifS, nifV, nifW, nifZ, nifM, and nifF. Although there are significant spatial differences, the identified A. vinelandii nif-specific genes have the same sequential arrangement as the corresponding nif-specific genes from K. pneumoniae. Twelve other potential genes whose expression could be subject to nif-specific regulation were also found interspersed among the identified nif-specific genes. These potential genes do not encode products that are structurally related to the identified nif-specific gene products. Eleven potential nif-specific promoters were identified within the major nif cluster, and nine of these are preceded by an appropriate upstream activator sequence. A + T-rich regions were identified between 8 of the 11 proposed nif promoter sequences and their upstream activator sequences. Site-directed deletion-and-insertion mutagenesis was used to establish a genetic map of the major nif cluster.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of Papanicolaou's and Wright-Giemsa stains in the examination of body fluids for Hodgkin's disease.

We reviewed 36 body fluid specimens from 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) to characterize the cytologic features of HD as seen in Wright-Giemsa (WG)-stained cytocentrifuge preparations, and to compare diagnostic agreement between WG- and Papanicolaou-stained samples. Slides were examined independently by two pathologists without knowledge of the original diagnosis, and were classified as either positive, inconclusive, or negative for malignant cells. There was diagnostic agreement between both methods in 35 (97%) of 36 samples. Features in cytocentrifuged WG-stained specimens that were most helpful in recognizing HD included mirror image nuclei in typical Reed-Sternberg cells and an axis of symmetry in polylobate Reed-Sternberg variants, with even distribution of the nuclear material within the cytoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The urinary diary in evaluation of incontinent women: a test-retest analysis.

This study investigated the use of a one-week urinary diary in the evaluation of incontinent women. The sample consisted of 50 community-dwelling women, ages 55 years and older, ambulatory, and mentally intact, who were volunteers in a clinical trial on behavioral management for urinary incontinence. All subjects kept a urinary diary for two consecutive weeks. An analysis of the immediate (one-week) test-retest variability and correlations on weekly diurnal micturition frequency, nocturnal micturition frequency, and urinary incontinent episodes were performed in subjects with sphincteric incompetence alone (N = 34) and in those with detrusor instability with or without concomitant sphincteric incompetence (N = 16). In addition, information obtained on history was compared with that obtained from the diary. Diurnal micturition frequency, nocturnal micturition frequency, and number of incontinent episodes were highly reproducible and did not differ by urodynamic diagnosis. Test-retest correlations were highest with diurnal micturition frequency and incontinent episodes. Lower correlations were observed with nocturnal micturition frequency, with a significant difference observed between diagnostic groups. Although modest, significant relationships between data collected by history and diary were observed in the overall sample, but there were significant differences between diagnostic groups. The results indicate that a one-week diary is a reliable method for assessing the frequency of voluntary micturitions and involuntary episodes of urine loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Giant cell myocarditis.

The present report describes a 45-year-old man with giant cell myocarditis who died of heart failure eight months after the onset of symptoms. On postmortem examination, the heart showed extensive myocardial fibrosis with numerous multinucleated giant cells. The lungs and a series of 20 lymph nodes showed no evidence of granulomatous disease, thereby excluding a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Circumstantial evidence supports the view that giant cell myocarditis may have an autoimmune origin, and the histopathology suggests that cellular immune mechanisms might have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. On this basis, it is suggested that cyclosporine, a selective inhibitor of T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses, may be useful for the treatment of this presently fatal disease.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Value of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in the clinical management of threatened abortion.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) levels were measured in single serum samples from 60 patients admitted with vaginal bleeding in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy. When based on ultrasound diagnoses the prediction of non-viability (the predictive value) was 97% for SP1 and 84% for PAPP-A. Whereas the prediction of viability (above -2SD of the normal range) with SP1 was 88% the value with PAPP-A was only 57%; the poorer result obtained with PAPP-A probably reflects its longer half-life. Pregnancy outcome is not related to the duration of bleeding.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of serum and urine hCG levels with SP1 and PAPP-A levels in patients with first-trimester vaginal bleeding.

Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in patients with threatened abortion are compared to the values in normal pregnancy. The predictive value was 93%, the sensitivity was 84%, and the prediction of gestational viability was 81% for the threatened group. These results compare favorably with urinary pregnancy testing and are similar to those obtained with the assay of Schwangerschaftsprotein I. Human chorionic gonadotropin was, however, a much better predictor of pregnancy outcome than pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of scoliosis by orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.

Minimum medical standards for USAF flying personnel have been compiled in Air Force Regulation 160-43. This regulation specifies the maximum allowable amount of scoliosis, but does not specify who should read the X-ray film to determine, using the Cobb method, the degree of curvature in scoliotic individuals. In the present study, an X-ray of an individual with mild scoliosis was sent to departments of radiology and orthopedics at major U.S. Armed Forces Medical Centers. Although the mean estimated degree of curvature was the same for both the orthopedists and the radiologists, the variance in the radiologists' replies was considerably higher than normally expected. It is, therefore, recommended that scoliosis films of individuals being screened for flying duties should be reviewed by a qualified orthopedic surgeon.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1977

Hydronephrosis in male rats.

Section of the right internal spermatic artery and vein where they overlie the ureter in Wistar-related male rats suggests that the right hydronephrosis found in these animals is not a consequence of simple obstruction by the blood vessels. The diverse effects of this operation on testicular weight presumably reflect variation in the relative importance of internal and external spermatic blood supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Protective corneal membranes in the treatment of eye disease.

A protective corneal membrane (PCM) is a specific hydrophilic bandage lens made from Sauflon 85% hydrophilic material, chosen for its high oxygen transmission. The back curve or radius is 8.40 mm, the overall diameter 15.50 mm, and the centre thickness 0.15 mm. The PCM is made afocal, so that it will not alter whatever vision is present in the eye. This is particularly important when it is used for long-term treatment.

Cornea↗