Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Roux

Publications and source records attributed to M Roux.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Proconflict and electrocorticographic effects of drugs modulating GABAergic neurotransmission.

Proconflict and electrocorticographic effects of drugs acting on the benzodiazepine (BDZ)/GABA/chloride-ionophore receptor complex were studied in rats in an attempt to correlate their anxiogenic and epileptogenic activities. Evidence for proconflict activity was assessed by means of an operant conflict procedure based on the simultaneous reward and punishment of a conditioned task, while epileptogenic properties were assessed by monitoring the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of free-moving rats. Pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin, which act through a site on the chloride channel, and the benzodiazepine (BDZ) inverse agonist FG 7142 showed epileptogenic alterations in the ECoG at doses, respectively, 8, 2 and 3 times higher than those eliciting a significant proconflict effect. For the partial inverse agonist CGS 8216, a ratio of about 60 was found while the BDZ antagonist Ro 15-1788 showed neither epileptogenic nor proconflict activity, except at the highest tested dose for the latter effect (40 mg X kg-1 PO). Inhibition of GABA transmission may mediate both anxiogenic and epileptogenic actions, and a link between these properties may exist as a continuous spectrum of negative intrinsic efficacy at the central BDZ/GABA/chloride-ionophore receptor complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Plate osteosynthesis of 367 mandibular fractures. The unrestricted indication for the intraoral approach.

Experience in the management of 916 fractures of the mandible stimulated us to develop new methods and surgical techniques for functionally-stable intraoral internal plate osteosynthesis. The development of a fixation bar which is adapted to the alveolar process of the fractured mandible enables a compression of this area prior to the plate osteosynthesis. This procedure facilitates the plate application from the intraoral approach so that in 358 cases all types of fractures of the body, angle and ascending ramus can be reduced using this access, and not only the selected favourable cases. A new plate and screws of our own design have been successfully used in cases with comminuted multifragmentary and defect fractures. The rigid fixation of the head of the screws to the plate produces an optimal functional stability compared with conventional systems. The combination of the advantages of an external fixation device and those of stable internal osteosynthesis produces a long term functional stability even in cases with extensive defects where delayed consolidation is to be expected; tilting and loosening of the screws or resorption of the compact bone underneath the plate do not occur. Thus the extraoral approach and visible skin incisions can be avoided. This procedure is time sparing and less traumatic to the soft tissues compared with the extraoral approach. The extremely low complication rate in 358 fractures managed by plate osteosynthesis using the intraoral approach confirms the efficiency of this method.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1986

Deuterium NMR study of head-group deuterated phosphatidylserine in pure and binary phospholipid bilayers. Interactions with monovalent cations Na+ and Li+.

Head-group deuterated 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylserine (DMPS) was synthesized. 2H NMR spectra reflect the ionic strength-dependent polymorphism of DMPS aqueous dispersions. Results obtained with pure DMPS and mixed bilayers with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine at various NaCl or LiCl concentrations indicate that interactions with Na+ and Li+ have very different effects upon the head-group quadrupole splittings.

Deuterium↗
PubMed1986

[Dobutamine in vascular surgery].

The hemodynamic parameters of 12 patients operated on not a coronary vascular disease have been controlled by means of not invasive technic. The aortic output was measured by means of an oesophageal probe that associates echography and Doppler effect. A double blinded study was done by dividing the patients into two groups. The group 1 was subjected to a perfusion of dobutamine and the group 2 to a perfusion of a placebo during the operation. The group 1 showed a mean aortic output similar-level than before anesthesia one (3.40 +/- 0.61 l/min; 3.35 +/- 0.5 l/min) and 37% greater than group 2 (p less than 0.01), during operation period. The average systolic volume of group 1 was nearly similar at the initial one (46.5 +/- 12.92 ml; 40.8 +/- 8.2 ml) and 35% higher than group 2 (p less than 0.01). The cardiac frequency was higher (average 14 beats per minute) in the group 1 (p less than 0.01). The total systemic vascular resistance of group 1 were maintained in equilibrium and did not show any significative change. In opposition, group 2 showed a 207% increase in their vascular resistance, in relation to the initial values (p less than 0.01). These values were significatively higher that those of the group 1 (p less than 0.00). Mean diuresis was of 144 +/- 41.5 ml/h for group 1 and 43.6 +/- 10.9 ml/h for group 2 (p less than 0.001). In group 2 the H+ concentration increased from 33 to 39 nmol/l (p less than 0.01) and it was higher (p less than 0.01) than group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[PROTIS, an expert system applied to the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Evaluation of its efficacy].

PROTIS is an expert system devised to help general practitioners in the treatment of diabetes. It provides weighted results in ranking order from the most indicated to the most contra-indicated treatment. The reliability of PROTIS was tested comparatively by asking the system and two diabetologists involved in its design to analyze 250 clinical cases. The therapeutic advice given by PROTIS was considered satisfactory in 91.2% of the cases and erroneous, though without vital consequences, in 4.4%. The system was unable to propose any treatment in 4.4% of the cases. Most errors or non-responses could be corrected. This evaluation showed that PROTIS faithfully reproduces the reasoning of diabetologists and could serve as an example of what an expert system could do for the general practitioner.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1985

Histoimmunological identification of a prolactin-like substance in rodent testis.

Anti-rat prolactin (PRL) antibodies were localized by histoimmunological methods in the cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes of the rat and mouse. Control of specificity by affinity chromatography methods showed this PRL-like material to be non-specific in these testicular tissues, but specific in adenohypophyseal cells. These results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrastructural study of the Sertoli cell in the seminiferous tubules of a hibernating animal, Eliomys quercinus L.), living in different lighting conditions].

The ultrastructure of the Sertoli cell studied in sexually active control animals during May-June and experimental animals sexually activated by light in winter, presents the commonly described ramified aspect with an infolded nucleus, well developed Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, numerous microfilaments, few liposomes and lysosomal formations; In the regressed testes of hibernating animals or blinded spring animals, the Sertoli cells are more round shaped with a significant increase in number and size of liposomes, lysosomes and various necrotic bodies. These morphological changes may be in favour of the possibility of a synchronization of the function of the Sertoli cell with the spermatogenic cycle to coordinate locally the proliferation and maturation of the germ cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

31P NMR as a tool for monitoring detergent solubilization of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were solubilized stepwise by the nonionic detergent octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether; 31P NMR enabled the extent of phospholipid solubilization to be monitored by following the conversion of the broad resonance peak characterizing the phospholipids inserted in the bilayer to the narrow resonance signal characterizing phospholipids inserted into a mixed micelle. Up to 0.25 g detergent/g protein could be incorporated into the membrane without solubilization. Higher detergent concentrations of up to 1.5-2 g detergent/g protein led to gradual solubilization. Although the method allows us to monitor the extent of solubilization of individual phospholipid classes, there was no evidence of either preferential solubilization or retention of a specific class of phospholipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Systemic thromboembolic accidents in the early post-operative period in patients with prosthetic valves.

Since 1975, of 2328 patients with prosthetic valves, 61 presented one or many systemic thromboembolic accidents (TEA) between the 12th and the 60th day of the post-operative period: 54 cases involved the brain and 14 involved other areas. Although the embolic accident was clinically detectable, EEG and scanner helped in detecting multiple emboli. Clinical history enables us to select high-risk cases: arrhythmias (47 cases), previous TEA (20), prosthetic dysfunction (4). However, several patients have no specific history. Mitral valves present the highest risk. The preventive value of anticoagulant therapy is unquestionable but it does not always prevent TEA, even the recurring type. One can meet all degrees, from the self-resolutive minor TEA up to massive cerebral emboli with severe sequelae. Warning signs include fever, high fibrinogen and HBDH levels. When TEA occurs in the hospital, early detection favours fibrinolytic treatment if there are no contra-indications. Whenever surgery was imminent, we used urokinase (29 cases). Despite better surgical techniques, efficient prostheses and anticoagulant treatment, TEA remain all too frequent as we do not have ideal methods for biological detection and effective prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Simple preparation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid and deuterated choline derivatives.

Analytically pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid was prepared in gram amounts, using a simplified version of a previous procedure. The main step, enzymatic cleavage of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with freshly extracted phospholipase D, was performed in the presence of chloroform and the crude phosphatidic acid was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The interest of the method was illustrated by the synthesis of two dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholines selectively deuterated on the polar headgroup.

Deuterium↗