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Biomedical subjects

M Rosenbaum

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosenbaum.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of psychosomatic medicine to consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Consultation-liaison psychiatry arose in the mid-1960s from the matrix of psychoanalytically oriented psychosomatic medicine. The influence of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically trained academic psychiatrists gradually waned. The liaison aspect of consultation-liaison psychiatry faded in the early 1980s, and most consultation-liaison services are now primarily high-quality consultation services that contribute much to university teaching hospitals. The consultation-liaison service at the University of New Mexico (UNM) and several others have eliminated the term "liaison." The consultation service at UNM sees relatively few patients with classic psychosomatic disorders. The majority of requests to UNM's consultation service relate to suicide attempts, delirium, complicated medical problems with psychiatric illness, substance abuse, burns, trauma, and competency evaluations.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood "screen memories." Are they forgotten?

In the past few years, much has been written on childhood sexual abuse. However, there is an absence of any mention of screen memories. Freud introduced the term "screen memory" in 1899. He repeatedly returned to the subject of childhood memories and concluded all childhood memories are "screen memories" and as such, "show us our earliest years not as they were but as they appeared in later years when the memories were recovered." Childhood memories are important in what they reveal and what they hide, and most important is the affect, not the event.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staying off methadone maintenance.

Methadone maintenance is again receiving attention as an intervention for needle use/sharing among intravenous drug users. A major criticism is that methadone has its own addictive properties; consequently, the client is unable to detoxify and stay off opioids permanently. Study respondents had been off methadone for several years and offered their strategies for success. Motivating forces included the freedom and rewards, such as pride and respect. The following helped individuals to get off and stay off methadone: avoidance of opioids; treatment affiliation to supply ideology and to structure and fill free time; employment; social supports, specifically family and role models; modest plans to avoid disappointment; effective coping skills to avoid depression; and aging and burning out. In addition, those individuals who had immersed themselves in the conventional world, especially those having a higher social class status, had a less difficult time staying off methadone.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women who use cocaine too much: smoking crack vs. snorting cocaine.

Monique (an African-American 19-year-old) and Becky (a white 21-year-old) were interviewed as part of a NIDA-funded study of women and cocaine. Although they were not necessarily typical, they do illustrate some of the differences among women who use cocaine. Despite the fact that they were close in age and both used cocaine, their scenarios and outcomes were very different, as one was a white middle-class woman and the other was an underclass woman of Color. The argument presented in this article is that it is not simply substance use that frames the experiences of women who use cocaine too much, but the social class mediated by gender and race. Through these life histories, the lives of these women are examined prior to cocaine use. Then the differential processes of initiation into and continuation of cocaine are described and analyzed, followed by a discussion of their lives after cocaine use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug treatment on demand--not.

Drug treatment on demand, appropriate and affordable drug treatment for injection drug users who are "ready" to enter a program, is a humane approach to drug treatment services and an important mechanism to halt the spread of HIV. However, drug treatment on demand is not a reality in the United States. In fact, due to funding cuts at federal, state, and local levels, entry into drug treatment programs has become increasingly more difficult over the past decade. In a NIDA-funded ethnographic study of methadone maintenance, i.v. drug use and AIDS, 70 heroin addicts who were out of treatment and actively seeking methadone maintenance were interviewed. In life-history interviews, the drug users described barriers to treatment, waiting-list experiences, and the impact of these experiences on their drug use, drug-using behavior, and emotional well-being. Respondents used many mechanisms to cope with the lack of availability of drug treatment slots, some of which have increased their risk of exposure to and spread of HIV. These findings indicate the need for an increase in the availability of subsidized methadone maintenance treatment slots "on demand" if individuals are to decrease their drug use and their high-risk behaviors. Drug treatment on demand is more than politically correct rhetoric. It is a necessary ingredient in reducing the harm caused by the use of illegal drugs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The demedicalization of methadone maintenance.

The institution of methadone maintenance as a treatment modality for heroin addiction in the mid-1960s was part of the growing medicalization of social problems in the United States. The definition of deviance as "sickness" rather than "badness" set the stage for America's first harm-reduction strategy. By the 1970s methadone maintenance was seen as a way to reduce drug-related crime, and federally funded programs proliferated. Accompanying methadone's phenomenal expansion was increased regulation, bureaucratization, and criticism. The early 1980s brought the Reagan era, fiscal austerity, the new "just say no" abstinence morality, and demedicalization of methadone maintenance. By the time needle-sharing was recognized as a major contributing factor in the spread of HIV, methadone had been transformed into a largely fee-for-service, short-term, begrudgingly tolerated treatment modality. Ironically, while other countries were able to use methadone to curb the spread of AIDS, the United States refused to facilitate its expansion, and in fact impeded it. To the frustration of proponents and consumers, this original harm-reduction tool, with the potential to impact the epidemic, was demedicalized and remains marginalized.

Health Policy↗