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Biomedical subjects

M Rosenbaum

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosenbaum.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Dimensions of figural identity and apparent motion.

Warren proposed that for apparent motion to be perceived between disparate shapes, the shapes must be identifiable as the same object. When disparate shapes are seen as different views of the same rigid form, they are called ecologically transformable. Ecological transformability seemed to be the crucial variable in Warren's results. However, Warren's findings conflict with those of Kolers and Pomerantz, who obtained frequent reports of apparent motion of disparate, non-transformable shapes. This discrepancy may be due to the response categories used in Warren's experiment. Warren asked subjects to report whether they saw one or two objects and did not directly assess the perception of motion. We replicated Warren's experiment using his figures but also asked subjects to rate the smoothness of motion and to describe the type of motion. We obtained frequent reports of motion of disparate, nontransformable figures. Surprisingly, after making this correction in Warren's experiment, we also found that transformability as well as "featural similarity" can affect the type and smoothness of the illusory motion.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1981

When drugs come into the picture, love flies out the window: women addicts' love relationships.

The inundation which characterizes the heroin world focuses one's attention almost exclusively on drugs. Heroin often provides an addicted couple with commonality and a necessary focus in their relationship. However, lacking sexuality and other nondrug activities, heroin begins to undermine the relationship. The addict couple often begins to argue over money and drugs. There is bitterness, resentment, and often violence as a result of perceived inequalities on the part of one partner or the other. Finally, most addict-couples' relationships end on a sad and bitter note. The woman addict gradually becomes generally embittered with men, especially male addicts. With this embitterment, she occasionally gives up men completely, and in so doing, relinquishes one of the few roles open to her-that of homemaker.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The role of the term schizophrenia in the decline of diagnoses of multiple personality.

The syndrome of multiple (dissociated) personality fell into disrepute around 1910. This has been attributed to loss of interest in hypnosis; psychiatrists believed the syndrome resulted from hypnosis and that they were duped. However, around 1910 an important event occurred in psychiatry: Bleuler introduced the term "schizophrenia' to replace "dementia praecox.' This factor also played a role in the decline of recognition of the multiple personality syndrome, and many of these cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia. A review of Index Medicus from 1903 through 1978 shows a dramatic decline in the number of reports of multiple personality after the diagnosis of schizophrenia "caught on,' especially in the United States. A review of clinical reports indicates that many patients with multiple personality had been diagnosed and treated as schizophrenics.

Dissociative Identity Disorder↗
PubMed1980

[Search for homologous antibodies during urinary infections in patients with or without renal allografts (author's transl)].

We studied the immune response during urinary infections, firstly in 20 patients with a renal allograft and receiving immunosuppressive agents, secondly in 55 patients consulting on a renal unit. Homologous antibodies were sought in the urine (test for antibodies fixed on urinary bacteria AFBU) and in the serum (seroagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence) using an antigens strains isolated from patients' urine. Comparative statistical analysis of the results given by the 3 methods reveals a good correlation between these tests in non-transplanted patients. On the other hand, there is no statistical link between seroagglutination and the AFBU test in transplanted patients, whereas the results of indirect immunofluorescence and the AFBU test remain strongly correlated. The interest of the 3 methods is discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Dissociated state. Status of a case after 38 years.

This is the third report of a patient with dissociated personality followed for 38 years. There has been a gradual integration of the dissociated states. The most remarkable aspect of the clinical course has been the patient's excellent work record in contrast to a severe restriction in her social life. The original diagnosis of hysteria was changed to schizophrenia. Evidence is presented to show that the diagnosis of schizophrenia was incorrect. The authors believe that dissociated states occur more frequently than diagnosed, and that the syndrome should be given independent diagnostic status.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Learned helplessness and depression among Israeli women.

Depressed and nondepressed Ss were exposed to either inescapable noise or no noise conditions in an attempt to replicate a typical learned helplessness study (Miller & Seligman, 1975) with Israeli student nurses. The inescapable noise was presented either as a personally important task or as an unimportant task. When later tested on a series of 20 patterned anagrams, no performance differences were found between depressed and nondepressed Ss as was found in previous studies, nor did the importance manipulation affect performance. Within the depressed group only, it was found that the more the Ss believed they had control over the noise, the better was their performance in the anagrams. Similarly, only among the depressed was the rated aversiveness of the noise positively related to anagram performance. Depressed were only able to assess accurately the number of failures on the anagrams, while nondepressed did equally well in assessing both positive and negative aspects of their performance. The results are discussed in terms of Seligman's learned helplessness model of depression and Beck's cognitive model of depression.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Locus of control and success in self-initiated attempts to stop smoking.

Investigated the relationship between self-control behavior and individual differences on Rotter's I-E scale. Ss (N = 42) who were successful in self-initiated attempts to stop smoking showed a more internal locus of control than Ss who were either unsuccessful in their attempts to quit or who never attempted to quit smoking on their own. Further, it was found that Ss who succeeded in quitting were more likely to use abrupt smoking cessation techniques than those who failed in their attempts to quit smoking. The results of this study point out the importance of the locus of control orientation in designing self-control programs for the modification of smoking behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Difficulties in taking care of business: women addicts as mothers.

This paper is devoted to a discussion of women addicts as mothers. Women who are addicted while pregnant begin their careers as mothers with extreme guilt and a sense of initial failure. Heroin becomes a mechanism for coping with the routine difficulties of childraising. Children can also act as a controlling force on their mother's addiction if she has the option to perform her mothering duties in an otherwise "normal" fashion. If the woman is being supported adequately and can be available for her children, it is possible to combine addiction and mothering. Often, however, the woman has to work outside the home (usually in criminal pursuits) and the general chaos of her life greatly impinges on her ability to fulfill her mothering duties. Children are occasionally mistreated, sometimes neglected physically, and often neglected psychologically by a mother who is frequently absent. Addicted mothers feel extreme guilt and remorse over this neglect, and often take stock of their situation when their roles as a mother is threatened; the children are being taken away physically or growing up and she is losing them to time. The woman addict most often wants "out" of the heroin life when her children and her role as mother--her last remaining option--are in jeopardy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

A description of an intensive treatment project for the rehabilitation of severely brain-injured soldiers.

Thirteen severely brain-injured veterans are currently participating in an intensive rehabilitation project. This is a one-year vocational rehabilitation project conducted 30 hours weekly in a therapeutic workshop environment, in which all aspects of the patient's rehabilitation needs are dealt with. The three major goals of this project are: (a) Changing and modifying the behavior of the individual through the use of psychotherapy, cognitive training, training in the use of prosthetic devices and vocational training; (b) creating a supportive environment within the project in which staff and patients live together for a few hours daily and where patients are treated in groups; (c) generalizing the therapeutic effects to the community at large. This includes work with the social environment of the patient: family, friends, employer and rehabilitation workers of the Ministry of Defense. Preliminary results indicate that considerable therapeutic gains could be achieved while the patient is in a sheltered therapeutic milieu. However, there is less success in generalizing these effects to the behavior of the patient outside the sheltered environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Denial, locus of control and depression among physically disabled and nondisabled men.

The Denial and the Depression scales of the MMPI and Rotter's Locus of Control scale were administered to 26 men with locomotor disabilities and to 44 nondisabled men. Among the disabled, brain-damaged scored higher in the Denial scale than the non-brain-damaged disabled, but not higher than the nondisabled Ss. A fairly high correlation was found between Denial and Locus of Control. The more the S believed that he is externally controlled, the less denial he employed. All disabled groups scored significantly higher on the Depression scale than the nondisabled group. The latter finding is discussed in terms of two behavioral formulations of depression.

Adult↗