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Biomedical subjects

M Rose

Publications and source records attributed to M Rose.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Persistence of intrinsic neurones and possible phenotypic changes after extrinsic denervation of human respiratory tract by heart-lung transplantation.

Respiratory tract nerves have cell bodies outside (sensory, sympathetic) and inside (parasympathetic) the organ and contain bioactive peptides. These include calcitonin gene-related peptide and tachykinins (sensory nerves), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (parasympathetic nerves), and neuropeptide with tyrosine (sympathetic nerves). Because transplantation interrupts the extrinsic nerve supply to the tissues, we have examined transplanted human respiratory tracts (n = 11) removed at retransplantation 2 to 42 months after the primary transplant in order to determine whether any nerves and peptide synthesis persist. As controls to establish nerve distribution in human respiratory tract, tissues were obtained from 10 lung resections and five autopsies. Cryostat sections were immunostained to demonstrate the general neural marker PGP 9.5, neuropeptides, and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Nerves immunoreactive for PGP 9.5 were detected in all transplanted tissues. They were fewer in number overall than in control tissue, significantly so in epithelium of trachea and bronchus where they were present sparsely in only three cases. Nerves immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase were significantly fewer in the transplants. Peptide-immunoreactive nerves were also reduced in number in the transplants, except for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which was only significantly changed in blood vessels in the lung. Ganglion cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide with tyrosine were seen in the transplanted tissues in five cases, but never in the control tissues. We conclude that whereas some nerves and neuropeptide synthesis persist after extrinsic pulmonary denervation, potentially significant changes also occur, including the appearance in intrinsic parasympathetic neurones of immunoreactivity for a catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme and a peptide normally found in sympathetic nerves.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cyclosporin in juvenile dermatomyositis.

Juvenile dermatomyositis in fourteen children who had not responded fully to steroids and other immunosuppressants and who had had chronic active disease for an average of 3 years was successfully treated with cyclosporin. Twelve patients had serious complications of the disease or of previous treatment. The response to cyclosporin included recovery of muscle strength and function and resolution of complications. It was possible to stop steroids or to reduce the steroid dose, which had previously been difficult, in all fourteen patients. In general, a low dose of cyclosporin (2.5-7.5 mg/kg daily) was sufficient and no serious side-effects were seen.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition by volume expansion of phosphate uptake by the renal proximal tubule brush border membrane.

Clearance studies and examination of brush border membrane (BBM) vesicle transport were performed in rats that had been volume expanded by 10% of body weight. The results were compared to those obtained in control animals. The data indicate that the phosphaturia which resulted from the expansion procedure was accompanied by an inhibition of proximal BBM phosphate uptake. The BBM uptake of proline and glucose was unchanged. Furthermore, since plasma calcium did not change, the findings are compatible with the view that the membrane transport changes resulted from alterations induced by the saline loading itself, rather than (or in addition to) any changes caused by parathyroid hormone excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Conservative surgery with radiation therapy in clinical stage I and II breast cancer. Results of a 20-year experience.

Conservative surgery and radiation therapy have been increasingly utilized at Yale-New Haven (Conn) Hospital since the 1960s. This analysis represents our experience from 1962 to 1982, with a total of 281 patients having a minimum assessable follow-up of five years and a median follow-up of 7.4 years. Five- and ten-year actuarial survivals were 83% and 67%, respectively. The actuarial breast recurrence-free rate was 91% at five years and 80% at ten years. Of 31 patients having recurrences in the breast alone, the actuarial five-year survival following recurrence was 48%. Twenty-eight (90%) of these 31 recurrences were salvageable with mastectomy or repeated wedge resection. Patients experiencing an early breast recurrence (less than three years) following initial treatment had a poorer prognosis than patients having recurrences later.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human BF*F-subtypes: segregation analysis with inclusion of MHC haplotypes.

The segregation of factor B(BF)F subtypes was analyzed in conjunction with other MHC markers in 15 families with 89 offspring. Informative data for BF F subtypes were obtained from 11 families, 6 of them with known recombinant individuals for the HLA-B/DR/GLO region. The subtypes did not contribute further to the localization of the cross-overs, but followed the known segregation of conventional BF allotypes. In 2 families of one kinship, the recognition of heterozygous BF*FAFB individuals could be established following the inclusion of three generations. The rarer of the two BF F subtype alleles, BF*FA, is positively associated with the HLA haplotypes BW62, CW3, C4A*3 and A29, CWX, B44, C4A*3, B*1, DR7. BF F subtypes are regarded as a very useful additional tool for studies of MHC organization and disease association.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Managing urinary incontinence in community-residing elderly persons.

This two-year project demonstrated a significant decrease over time in urinary accidents after instruction in Kegel exercises augmented by the use of biofeedback, habit training, and relaxation techniques in 54 cognitively intact volunteers aged 60 years and over who had stress, urge or complex types of incontinence. This decrease in urinary accidents per week was maintained from the end of focused treatment through 6-month and 1-year follow-up, despite the age of the participants, previous urinary-related surgeries, or duration of incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Frequency and significance of physical evidence in legally proven cases of child sexual abuse.

Clinicians have long recognized and attorneys have disputed that physical evidence of injury, sexually transmitted diseases, and seminal fluid are often absent in cases of child sexual abuse. To determine the frequency and significance of physical evidence in legally "proven" felony cases with penetration, a retrospective review of sexual abuse court records was done. A total of 45 randomly selected cases were reviewed; 39 (87%) had resulted in conviction of the perpetrator for felony. Charges of vaginal rape were made in 32 cases, and charges of oral and/or anal sodomy in 23 cases. No significant difference in rate of felony conviction was found in cases with or without physical evidence. Of 32 cases without physical evidence, 30 (94%) resulted in felony convictions, whereas only 9 of 13 cases (69%) with physical evidence resulted in a felony conviction. Multiple variables describing the abuse situation were not shown to effect the legal outcome of the cases. Of cases that resulted in felony convictions, physical evidence was present in only 23% (9 of 39). These results should be helpful for the clinician in counseling the family of the sexual abuse victim and the attorney who prosecutes child sexual abuse cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Detection of a new BF F subtype variant by isoelectric focusing.

The paper reports a new BF F variant which was observed in a family, i.e. in the father and in 2 of the 4 children. The variant can only be seen by means of isoelectric focusing and appears as an additional cathodic band of the BF subtype FB. We suggest FB1 as a preliminary name for this variant. The family studied suggested an autosomal-codominant inheritance.

Complement Factor B↗
PubMed1988

Irreversible inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase independent of protein phosphorylation at Ser11.

The fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene was used with multicopy plasmids to study rapid reversible and irreversible inactivation after addition of glucose to derepressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Both inactivation systems could inactivate the enzyme, even if 20-fold over-expressed. The putative serine residue, at which fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is phosphorylated, was changed to an alanine residue without notably affecting the catalytic activity. No rapid reversible inactivation was observed with the mutated enzyme. Nonetheless, the modified enzyme was still irreversibly inactivated, clearly demonstrating that phosphorylation is an independent regulatory circuit that reduces fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity within seconds. Furthermore, irreversible glucose inactivation was not triggered by phosphorylation of the enzyme.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Isolation and primary structure of the gene encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The gene encoding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) was isolated. Constructed fbp1::HIS3 null mutants were unable to grow with ethanol, and growth was restored after transformation with the cloned fbp gene. The gene codes for a protein of 347 amino acid residues with an Mr of 38131. Homology with the pig kidney cortex and the sheep liver enzyme is 47.7% and 46.6%, respectively, within a central core of 328 amino acid residues. The cloned promoter size was 318 bp and allowed only low level expression of the gene. This indicates a positive activation site (UAS) upstream of the cloned DNA fragment.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Permanent neurological complications in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

According to previous clinical studies, the neurological manifestations observed in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are considered to be transient. The introduction of plasma therapy in 1977 as major treatment modality for TTP has changed the prognosis of the disease. In a clinical survey of 38 patients with TTP who received plasma therapy, we have observed five patients who developed permanent neurological deficits despite their prompt recovery from TTP. In this study, we describe the new complication of TTP and summarize the neurological manifestations observed in these patients during their first episode of TTP and during the relapses, which occurred in 12 of them.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Persistence of donor-specific class II antigens in allografted human heart two years after transplantation.

It has been suggested that one of the mechanisms of action of cyclosporin is by abrogation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression. We have tested this hypothesis by following the expression of DR7, a polymorphic determinant of the class II DR locus in cardiac biopsies from 12 heart or heart-lung recipients who were themselves DR7 negative but whose donors were DR7 positive. All patients received cyclosporine and azathioprine immunosuppression. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent techniques were used. The DR7 determinant was found on interstitial structures on donor heart at all times studied, including at 2 years after transplantation. Double immunofluorescent labeling of donor heart before transplantation revealed that more than 60% of the DR7 was on endothelial cells. At later times the proportion of DR7 on endothelial cells increased, but even at 1 year some DR7 was found on interstitial structures not of endothelial origin. The significance of these findings to mechanisms of long-term immunosuppression is discussed.

Azathioprine↗