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Biomedical subjects

M Romon

Publications and source records attributed to M Romon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Resting energy expenditure and energy substrate utilization in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The high prevalence of obesity at an early stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) could result not solely from reduced physical activity, but may also involve low resting energy expenditure (REE), abnormal nutrient utilization, or overfeeding. We hypothesized that the dramatic muscle mass loss in DMD should reduce the REE. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry in 13 9-13-y-old DMD boys (5 obese, 8 nonobese) and 9 male age-matched controls. Muscle mass was estimated from 3-d creatinine excretion in urine. Daily energy intake was estimated from 7-d diet records. In the nonobese DMD group (NODMD) the muscle mass was reduced by 71%, and the REE was 13% lower than in controls (47.5 versus 54.6 kcal.h-1, p < 0.05). Postabsorptive respiratory quotients appeared higher in both DMD groups than in the controls; however, the difference was significant only for the NODMD group (0.88 versus 0.83, p < 0.05). Respiratory quotients were not different between the two DMD groups. Diet records were not contributive in revealing a different dietary behavior between groups. Our results suggest that: 1) muscle mass loss in DMD is associated with a low REE, 2) low postabsorptive fat utilization might occur at an early stage of the disease, and 3) obesity is not associated with an increase in fat utilization in DMD. This study warrants further research to test low REE and low fat utilization as risk factors in developing obesity in DMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison between fat intake assessed by a 3-day food record and phospholipid fatty acid composition of red blood cells: results from the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Disease-Lille Study.

We investigated the relationship between assessment of fatty acid intake by a 3-day food record and by capillary gas chromatography of erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid. The study was performed in a sample of 244 men aged 45 to 66 years from the general population who were participating in the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)-Lille survey. The relationship between each nutrient and food item and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid was investigated by a regression model on proportion including each food item and nutrient as a dependent variable and percentage of fatty acid and covariables (nonalcoholic energy intake, age, alcohol intake, and smoking) as independent variables. Polyunsaturated fat and linoleic acid intake were positively correlated with linoleic acid content of erythrocytes (beta = 0.641 and 0.604, respectively, P < .001). Monounsaturated and saturated fat intake were correlated with oleic acid (beta = 0.375 and 0.373, respectively, P < .01). Fish intake correlated positively with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (beta = 0.383, P < .001) and negatively with arachidonic acid (beta = -0.509, P < .01). These data confirm, on a group level, a good relationship between assessment of polyunsaturated fat intake by a 3-day record and linoleic acid content of erythrocyte membranes. These data suggest that erythrocyte oleic acid content is a marker of both saturated and monounsaturated fat intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The relationship between the phospholipid fatty acid composition of red blood cells, plasma lipids, and apolipoproteins.

This study examined the relationship between the fatty acid composition of red blood cell phospholipids and lipid markers of atherosclerotic risk in an urban male population aged 45 to 66 years. There was a surprisingly significant positive association between the docosahexaenoic acid ([DHA] 22:6n-3) content of erythrocyte phospholipids and the following risk markers: plasma cholesterol (P < .01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P < .01), apolipoprotein (apo) B (P < .05), and apo B-containing lipoprotein particles (P < .05) recognized by a monoclonal antibody (LpBL3). On the other hand, phospholipid alpha-linolenate was positively correlated with apo A-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P < .05), while arachidonate showed an inverse relationship with plasma cholesterol (P < .05). There was a negative association between palmitoleic acid and apo B (P < .01) and LpBL3 (P < .001); the latter showed a negative association with stearic acid (P < .001). These interesting findings emphasize the beneficial effect on atherosclerotic risk markers of dietary n-6 polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA) could have an adverse effect on some of the lipid risk markers.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1993

Circadian variation of diet-induced thermogenesis.

The objective of this study was to assess a circadian variation of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) that could favor weight gain among night workers used to eating a night time snack. Nine young men were given the same mean at 0900, 1700, or 0100. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry 1 h before and during the 6 h after the snack. DIT was calculated as the 3 h of energy expenditure above basal metabolic rate. Morning DIT was significantly higher than afternoon DIT (P = 0.04) and night DIT (P = 0.002). Afternoon DIT was higher than night DIT (P = 0.06). We conclude that the time when a meal is consumed affects the thermogenic response and must be considered in the energy balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased triglyceride levels in shift workers.

PURPOSE: To assess an independent relationship between shift work and serum lipid levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Two plants of northern France: a chemical one and a nuclear power station. PARTICIPANTS: All the shift workers of the chemical plant and of one part of the nuclear station. One hundred nine persons were selected, 25 were excluded or absent during the study, and 11 refused to participate. Day workers matched with shift workers according to age, educational level, birthplace, and occupational physical activity level served as controls; 109 were selected, 26 were excluded or absent, and 10 refused to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting venous plasma concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; dietary intake assessed by a 3-day record, smoking habits, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Shift workers had significantly higher levels of serum triglyceride (1.26 versus 1.03 mmol/L, p = 0.01). Cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were similar for the two groups. There was no difference in energy and nutrient intake, but day workers had a higher alcohol intake (15.64 g/d versus 9.3 g/d, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis conducted with triglycerides as dependent variable and shift work, BMI, smoking, age, leisure time physical activity level, energy intake, and alcohol intake as independent variables confirmed that shift work has a significant explanatory power for triglyceride levels (beta = 0.134, p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that shift work is associated with an increase of triglyceride levels independent of dietary intake. We did not find any influence of shift work on cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Despite this latter fact, our findings are to be considered in the explanation of coronary risk among shift workers. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of this relative hypertriglyceridemia: stress induced by shift work or diurnal rhythm disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between smoking and diet: the MONICA-France project.

The association between smoking habits and diet was examined in a sample of 1126 men, aged 45-64 years, from the general population living in the three French MONICA monitoring areas: Bas-Rhin (BR) (n = 346), Haute-Garonne (HG) (n = 400) and Urban Community of Lille (UCL) (n = 380). Diet was assessed by the 3-day record method. The energy and nutrient intakes were calculated for each of the 3 centres, using the same food composition tables. Alcohol consumption was higher among smokers (P less than 0.001). Taking into account alcohol consumption, age, body mass index, centre, educational level and family size, the analyses showed no difference in non-alcoholic energy intake, proteins, carbohydrates, and total fat. However, smokers had a lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P less than 0.05) and dietary fibre (P less than 0.01) than non-smokers. With regard to food items, smokers had a higher intake of sucrose (P less than 0.05) and a lower intake of vegetables (P less than 0.001), dairy products (P less than 0.05) and cheese (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that analyses in future epidemiological research regarding the role of diet in the aetiology of tobacco-related diseases should consider this association of potential risk factors.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Blood pressure and dietary intake in a French population sample from three regions.

In order to determine the possible relationship between nutritional factors and blood pressure (BP), a sample of 1128 men of the population living in the three French MONICA centres, Bas-Rhin (BR), Haute-Garonne (HG) and the Urban Community of Lille (UCL), was included in a nutritional survey. Of the sample, 16.2% were taking antihypertensive drugs and 34.1% of the remainder had high BP. Prevalence of high BP was greater in BR and UCL than in HG, the differences persisting after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and age. BMI and geographic location were the best predictors of high systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Age was positively correlated with SBP, but not with DBP. Alcohol intake was the dietary component which had the most consistent relationship with SBP and DBP. However, greater intakes of total fat and of cholesterol were also associated with higher DBP and SBP respectively. A small but significant contribution of sodium chloride to SBP and DBP was also found, whereas no influence of the intake of calcium or of any diary product was observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Caloric intake and weight gain according to the shift schedule of shift workers].

Survey involved 84 workers matched for age, socio-occupational and families status and divided into 3 groups : A : 27 shift workers on 3 days rotating shift, B : 47 shift workers on 5 days rotating shift, C : 20 days workers. Each subject was submitted to dietary survey by means of 24 hours recall, realised 3 times for shift workers and once for control. All workers were interviewed about caloric intake of the preceding day off caloric intake. Annual weight gain was studied through the use of occupational health service records. There was no significant difference between the 3 groups for working day caloric intake. Day-off intake was lower (p less than 0.05) in group A (day-off any day of the week). Annual weight gain was not different between the 3 groups. Shift workers with faster weight gain had a higher caloric intake on day-off and after evening meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Basal C peptide levels in response to intravenous tolbutamide in the detection of incorrect insulin therapy (or prolonged misuse)].

Fifty nine insulin dependant diabetics were hospitalised for a trial withdrawal of insulin: 17 patients rapidly showed signs of lack of insulin, 18 did not develop cetoacidosis but could not be stabilised on diet and oral hypoglycemic agents, 24 were stabilised without insulin. A statistical study (multifactorial analysis of correlations, plotting of ROC graphs) validated the classification of these diabetics into 3 groups. It also showed that in patients with hypoglycemia, the values of C-protein, and after intravenous injection of tolbutamide, were good predictive factors for insulin-dependance: all patients with basal C-protein less than 1,9 ng/ml could not be stabilised without insulin; when the basal C-protein greater than or equal to 1,9 ng/ml and the amplitude of response at the 5th min was greater than or equal to 0,4 ng/ml, the diabetes could be stabilised by diet and oral hypoglycemic agents in 90 p. 100 of cases. This institutes an easy, reliable and economic method of detecting abusive insulin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Dupuytren's contracture and diabetes mellitus].

The literature suggests that the frequency of Dupuytren's disease is ten times greater in diabetes than in the general population. We have studied 42 diabetic patients with a contracture of the palmar fascia. Dupuytren's contracture can be considered a complication of diabetes and of the local neurovascular changes since both are often associated. The contracture is usually not severe in diabetes, is nodular in form, and usually crushes the palmar surface of the long and ring fingers. It is usually well tolerated by the patients and surgery is rarely indicated, particularly in view of the advanced age of many patients. In caring for patients with Dupuytren's disease, surgeons should also rule out the presence of diabetes with appropriate test.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Nutritional investigations and dietetic note-book. An instrument to establish the diet of hyperlipidemic patients (author's transl)].

Whenever an excess of blood lipoids is revealed by laboratory tests, investigations should be conducted along two lines: etiological, aimed at detecting an underlying disease amenable to treatment, and dietetic, aimed at determining the patient's calorie intake. In every case, dietetic measures should begin with a normal-lipid, alcohol-free diet providing a number of calories adapted to the patient's weight. Calorie restriction is achieved at the expense of carbohydrates. This adaptation phase usually lasts 2 months. It is made easier by dietetic note-books where the amounts of each food are expressed as parts containing either 10 g of lipids or 10 g of glucides, and where fats are divided into predominantly saturated and unsaturated and glucides into slowly and rapidly absorbed. The problem of adapting the diet to the various types of hyperlipaemias is discussed. In most cases serum lipoprotein levels return to normal after 2 months of adequate diet, but it is essential to reeducate the patients in their eating habits, since successful re-education may help to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Diet, Reducing↗
PubMed1978

[Adipocyte size in primary hypertriglyceridemia with and without obesity (author's transl)].

Adipose tissue cellularity of patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia whether associated with obesity or not has been studied by means of a semiautomatic method of counting and sizing osmium tetroxide fixed adipocytes. Cell population distributions were analyzed by mathematical computation. The Coulter Counter system was able to determine mean diameter (or volume) and cell size dispersion which defined adipocyte population. An overall shift of cell population size has been found to characterize adipose tissue cellularity of the different groups examined. Adipocyte population in the obese was defined by increased fat cell size with overlapping distributions between both groups of same weight. Nevertheless normolipemic obese patients were characterized by larger cell size than hypertriglyceridemic subjects matched for adiposity index. The results are discussed in relation to the removal defect found in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

[Disorders of hemostasis during intake of lipids].

Lipid emulsions based upon soya triglycerides and widely used in parenteral nutrition. Haematological surveillance of the patients, and in particular the study of coagulation, shows slight changes in platelet adhesiveness and a transient hypercoagulability state proportional to the concentration of the lipid emulsion. Nevertheless, these findings must be interpreted with the greatest caution, inasmuch as the laboratory tests involved are technically delicate. The results obtained may be contradictory according to the protocol used. Finally, in patients receiving intensive therapy, there are multiple factors (stress, prolonge;d bedrest, hypercatabolism) which may alter coagulation quite independently of the prescription of lipids.

Anemia↗