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Biomedical subjects

M Romon

Publications and source records attributed to M Romon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Effect of weight loss on the postprandial response to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals in obese women.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of weight loss on the plasma lipid and remnant-like lipoprotein cholesterol (RLPc) response to a high-fat or a high-carbohydrate meal in a population of obese women. DESIGN: Nutritional intervention study. SUBJECTS: Sixteen obese women (mean body mass index (BMI): 37.6+/-5 kg/m(2)). METHODS: Subjects were asked to follow an energy-restricted diet (800 kcal/day) for 7 weeks, followed by a 1-week maintenance diet. Before and after weight loss, each participant was given (in random order) two iso-energetic meals containing either 80% fat and 20% protein (the high-fat meal) or 80% carbohydrate and 20% protein (the high-carbohydrate meal). Blood samples were collected over the following 10-h period. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess the effect of the meal and postprandial time on biological variables and postprandial responses (notably RLPc levels). RESULTS: Weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in fasting triglyceride (P=0.0102), cholesterol (P<0.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.0003), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.0009) and RLPc (P=0.0015) levels. The triglyceride response to the high-fat meal was less intense after weight reduction than before (interaction P<0.002). This effect persisted after adjustment on baseline triglyceride levels. The triglyceride response to the high-carbohydrate meal was biphasic (i.e. with two peaks, 1 and 6 h after carbohydrate intake). After adjustment on baseline values, weight reduction was associated with a trend towards a reduction in the magnitude of the second triglyceride peak (interaction P<0.054). In contrast, there was no difference in postprandial RLPc responses before and after weight loss, again after adjustment on baseline levels. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that weight loss preferentially affects postprandial triglyceride metabolism.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

High plasma leptin predicts an increase in subcutaneous adiposity in children and adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that plasma leptin may predict adiposity changes. DESIGN: A population-based cohort study. SETTING: Fleurbaix and Laventie, in the north of France. SUBJECTS: In all, 1175 subjects participated, of whom 946 completed measurements at baseline (1999) and follow-up (2001). After excluding 64 subjects obese at baseline, 882 subjects (478 adults, 404 children 8 years and over) were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: We measured plasma leptin concentrations at baseline and various adiposity parameters at baseline and follow-up. Partial correlation coefficients (r(p)) between baseline plasma leptin and each adiposity indicator at follow-up were calculated with adjustment for baseline age, pubertal stage, adiposity and familial correlations between siblings. RESULTS: Changes in body mass index and percentage body fat were not related to baseline plasma leptin. High baseline plasma leptin predicted an increase (r(p) (P-value)) in the sum of the four skinfolds (0.18 (<0.0001)), the waist circumference (0.16 (0.0003)) and the waist-to-hip ratio (0.29 (<0.0001)) in adults only, and in the hip circumference in adults (0.20 (<0.0001)) and children (0.22 (<0.0001)). After adjustment for a set of four adiposity variables at baseline (percentage body fat, skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences), baseline plasma leptin predicted only changes in the sum of the four skinfolds in adults (0.15 (0.001)), with similar tendency although not significant in children (0.08 (0.13)). CONCLUSIONS: A high leptin relative to baseline fat mass predicts fat mass gain over time, mainly in the subcutaneous location.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Physiologic correlates of dyspnea in patients with morbid obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Mechanisms of dyspnea in obesity remain unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the relationships between dyspnea and pulmonary function including inspiratory muscle endurance (IME) in morbidly obese patients before bariatric surgery. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Fifty-five patients with a mean+/-s.d. body mass index (BMI) of 49.4+/-7.0 kg/m(2) were included. Dyspnea was evaluated by the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI; 0-12, 0=maximal dyspnea). Pulmonary function tests included a plethysmography, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and IME was assessed by the incremental threshold loading test, determining the maximal pressure sustained for 2 min (Plim(2)) and Plim(2)/PImax ratio. Patients were classified according to their BMI in two groups: BMI < or =49 (n=27) and >49 kg/m(2) (n=28). RESULTS: Breathlessness was higher in the BMI >49 kg/m(2) group compared to the BMI < or =49 kg/m(2) group (BDI score at 6.9+/-2.2 in the BMI >49 kg/m(2) group vs 8.9+/-2.5 in the BMI < or =49 kg/m(2) group, P<0.01). Patients with BMI >49 kg/m(2) had significantly higher PaCO(2) level and significantly lower vital capacity, inspiratory capacity and PImax values compared with the BMI < or =49 kg/m(2) group. Correlations between BDI and lung function were moderate: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))% pred: Rho=0.27; P=0.05; vital capacity % pred: Rho=0.40; P=0.004; and Plim(2)/PImax: Rho=0.40; P=0.003. Higher correlations with dyspnea were found in the BMI < or =49 kg/m(2) group: FEV(1)% pred: Rho=0.38; P=0.05; and Plim(2)/PImax: Rho=0.49; P=0.01. DISCUSSION: Inspiratory muscle performance is moderately reduced in morbid obesity. Dyspnea in these patients remains moderately related to lung function and inspiratory muscle performance. However, inspiratory muscles performance correlates more significantly with dyspnea in patients with a BMI < or =49 kg/m(2).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Gender and regional differences in perceived job stress across Europe.

BACKGROUND: Over the last 20 years stress at work has been found to be predictive of several conditions such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure and non-specific sick leave. The Karasek demand/control/strain concept has been the most widely used in prospective epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES: To describe distribution in Karasek's demand/control (DC) dimensions as well as prevalence of strain in samples from different parts of Europe grouped into three regions (South, Middle, Sweden), adjusting for occupation. To describe gender differences in Karasek's DC dimensions along with strain prevalence and assess the regional stability of those differences in different occupational groups. DESIGN: The Job stress, Absenteeism and Coronary heart disease in Europe (JACE) study, a Concerted Action (Biomed I) of the European Union, is a multicentre prospective cohort epidemiological study: 38,019 subjects at work aged 35-59 years were surveyed at baseline. Standardised techniques were used for occupation coding (International Standardised Classification of Occupations) and for the DC model (Karasek scale): five items for the psychological demand and nine items for the control or decision latitude dimensions, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 34,972 subjects had a complete data set. There were important regional differences in the Karasek scales and in prevalence of strain even after adjustment for occupational class. Mean demand and control were higher in the Swedish centres when compared to two centres in Milano and Barcelona (Southern region) and values observed in four centres (Ghent, Brussels, Lille and Hoofddorp) in Middle Europe were closer to those observed in the Southern cities than to those obtained in the Swedish cities. Clerks (ISCO 4) and, more specifically, office clerks (ISCO 41) exhibited the smallest regional variation. In a multivariate model, the factor 'region' explained a small fraction of total variance. In the two Southern centres as well as in the four Middle European centres, men perceived marginally less job-demand as compared to women whereas the reverse was observed in the two Swedish centres. Differences were larger for control: men appeared to perceive more control at work than did women. In a multivariate model, gender explained a small fraction whereas occupational level explained a large fraction of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: In this standardised multicentre European study Karasek's DC model showed large gender and occupational differences whereas geographic region explained a small fraction of the total DC variance, notwithstanding large differences in labour market and working conditions as pointed out by the European Commission as recently as 2000.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999.

AIMS: To assess the prevalence of obesity and changes in body mass index (BMI) distribution between 1989 and 1999 in 5-y-old children, and to study the influence of parental socioeconomic status on these parameters. METHODS: Two cohorts of children in the final year of nursery school (in the city of Lille, France) were enrolled in 1989 (705 children: mean age=5.6+/-0.4 y) and 1999 (1258 children: mean age=5.6+/-0.5 y). Weight and height were measured, and data about parental occupation were collected during a school medical examination. International Obesity Task Force cutoff points were used to define overweight and obesity. Parental occupation was classified into four categories. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity increased from 1.8 to 4.9%, and the prevalence of overweight rose from 9.6 to 16.9%. Mean-difference plots allowed qualitative comparisons of the BMI distribution between the surveys: for children from the highest social classes, there was no change in BMI; for children from intermediate classes, there was a up-shift only in the upper part of the distribution with the heaviest children becoming heavier still; finally, for children from the lowest class, there was an increase in BMI across the entire population. CONCLUSIONS: This study of the changes in BMI distribution gives greater insight into the 'obesity epidemic'. Our results show the influence of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The increase in BMI in the upper part of the distribution suggests that this is a population with a high degree of susceptibility, whereas the increase in BMI across the whole population in the lowest social class suggests a strong influence of the environment on this group and thus the necessity of appropriate, preventive measures.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Relationships between physical activity and plasma leptin levels in healthy children: the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé II Study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between physical activity and plasma leptin levels in children from a population-based study, taking into account puberty stages. DESIGN: Subjects were part of the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS) II Study, a longitudinal study on the determinants of weight gain in children and their parents. At baseline examination, 253 girls and 257 boys aged 8-18 y were examined. MEASUREMENTS: : Height and weight were measured, adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfold thicknesses (SSK). Pubertal stage was assigned according to Tanner. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and ambulatory activity by pedometer recording over a week. A fasting blood sample was obtained to determine plasma leptin and insulin levels. RESULTS: Plasma leptin was higher in girls compared to boys (8.3 (1.6-36.5) ng/ml vs 2.2 (0.1-15.3) ng/ml, P<0.001). Multivariate analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable, and number of steps by day, Tanner stage, insulin and SSK as independent variables. In girls, leptin was negatively correlated to number of steps/day (P<0.001) and positively to SSK (P<0.001) and insulinemia (P<0.001). In boys, leptin was correlated to insulinemia (P<0.001), SSK (P<0.001), Tanner stage (P<.0001), but not to physical activity. CONCLUSION: Physical activity is negatively related to leptin levels in girls only and this association is independent of fasting plasma insulin. In children, fasting insulinemia remains associated with leptin levels after taking into account adiposity, physical activity and Tanner stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Time trend in height, weight, and obesity prevalence in school children from Northern France, 1992-2000.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in height, weight and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between 1992 and 2000 in children living in two towns of northern France. METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were performed in every pre-school (last section) and primary schools of the two towns in 1992 (383 girls and 421 boys enrolled) and 2000 (296 girls and 305 boys). Children were 5 to 12 year old in both studies. MEASUREMENTS: Body height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated (weight/height(2)). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined according to the gender- and age- specific cut-offs of the new international reference (IOTF). We also used the 90(th) and the 97(th) percentiles of the French reference gender- and age-specific BMI curves to define two grades of overweight. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, boys were on average 1.5 cm taller in 2000 than in 1992 (p<0.001), and the same trend was observed in girls (+ 0.9 cm, p<0.075). Height-adjusted or age-adjusted weight and BMI were significantly higher in 2000 than in 1992. In girls, obesity defined by IOTF criteria increased from 1.6 to 4.4% (p<0.03) and overweight from 14.1 to 18.6% (p<0.11). In boys, the change in prevalences was significant only when the less stringent criteria (i.e. the 90(th) percentile of French references) was used (13.8% in 1992 vs 20% in 2000, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Over an 8 years period, there was an increase in height and BMI in both boys and girls. These results show that the increase in the prevalence of obesity is accompanied by a global trend of accelerated growth.

Body Height↗
PubMed2002

[Dietary intake assessments: for who? why?].

The use of dietary intake assessment and questionnaires in clinical practice is largely debated, particularly for obese patients. The time needed to carry out them is very long, and the results are little or not at all workable due to the underreporting which may represent up to 50% of intakes for some patients. The usual methods and tools to evaluate dietary intakes are presented, they should not be used to calculate energy intake, but they permit to initiate a dialogue with the patient on his/her dietary pattern. The analysis of the dietary pattern is the first step in diet prescription and is essential to weight management and follow-up. This analysis must consider 3 important components: type of food usually eaten and preferred, the circumstances and environment of food intakes and meals, possible disorders of eating behaviour. Some results on food consumption in adults and children from the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Study are presented.

Diet Records↗
PubMed2001

Higher carbohydrate intake is associated with decreased incidence of newborn macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of energy and macronutrient intake on infant birthweight in women with gestational diabetes mellitus undergoing intensive management. DESIGN: This prospective study evaluated the impact of intensive management of gestational diabetes on maternal and fetal morbidity, and addressed the relationship between food intake and infant birthweight. SETTING: Fifteen maternity hospitals in northern France. SUBJECTS: Ninety-nine women with gestational diabetes or gestational mild hyperglycemia diagnosed between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation were surveyed. After 1 was excluded because of a premature birth and 18 were excluded as underreporters, 80 women were included in the final analysis. Diet intake was assessed by a dietary history at the first interview, and by two 3-day diet records at the 3rd and 7th week after diagnosis. RESULTS: In a forward-stepwise regression analysis (controlling for maternal age; smoking; parity; prepregnancy BMI; pregnancy weight gain; gestational duration; infant sex; fasting and 2-hour postprandial serum glucose; insulin therapy; and energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate intake during treatment) infant birthweight was positively associated with gestational duration (beta = +0.34, P<.002), and negatively with smoking (beta = -0.27, P<.02) and carbohydrate intake (beta = -0.24, P<.03). There were no large-for-gestational-age infants among women whose carbohydrate intake exceeded 210 g/day. CONCLUSION: For women with gestational diabetes undergoing intensive management, higher carbohydrate intake is associated with decreased incidence of macrosomia. APPLICATION: These findings suggest that nutrition counseling in gestational diabetes must be directed to maintain a sufficient carbohydrate intake (at least 250 g per day), which implies a low-fat diet to limit energy intake. A careful distribution of carbohydrate throughout the day and the use of low-glycemic index foods may help limit postprandial hyperglycemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Does energy intake underreporting involve all kinds of food or only specific food items? Results from the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS) study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if energy intake underreporting concerns all major food groups or if it occurs for specific food groups only. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study on dietary habits and food consumption. SUBJECTS: Five-hundred and four women and 529 men, aged between 25 and 55y participating in the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante study. MEASUREMENTS: A nutritional survey was conducted between March and June 1993 using a 3-day food record. Reported weight and height were used to estimate body mass index and basal metabolic rate. Underreporters were defined as subjects whose ratio of mean energy intake to basal metabolic rate was lower than 1.05. Food consumption was compared between underreporters and non-underreporters. RESULTS: Energy percentage of fat and carbohydrate were lower in underreporters than in non-underreporters in contrast to the energy percentage of protein. This was due to the fact that food items rich in fat and/or carbohydrates (such as butter, French fries, sugars and confectionery, cakes and pastries) were reported to be less frequently eaten and/or in smaller quantities in underreporters compared to non-underreporters. CONCLUSION: Although this study presents some limitations, like the use of reported weight and a standard value for physical activity, it shows that reported foods differed, quantitatively and qualitatively, between severe underreporters and non-underreporters. Underreporting of food intake does not result from a systematical underestimation of portion sizes for all food items, but seems to concern specific food items which are generally considered 'bad for health'.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Study).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between adiposity indices and food intake in nonobese prepubertal free-living children. SUBJECTS: Five-hundred and one children, 280 boys and 221 girls aged 5-11 y in two little towns in northern France. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight, four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac), waist and hip girths, were measured. Sum of skinfolds (SSF), body mass index (BMI), and relative weight (RW) were calculated. Energy intake (EI), percentage of energy intake ascribed to carbohydrates (%EIC), complex carbohydrates (%EICC), fats (%EIF), saturated fats (%EISF) and proteins (%EIP) were assessed by a single 24 h record. Basal metabolic rate (BMRI was estimated according to Schofield's equations. Obese (RW > or = 120%), and underreporting children according to Goldberg's and Black's equations were excluded. RESULTS: In multiple linear regressions analyses performed with hierarchical mixed models, adiposity indices were significantly and inversely associated in girls with %EIC (all P-values < 0.02), and positively with %EIF (all P-values < 0.05, waist girth and BMI excepted). Similar but non-significant trends were observed in boys. The relationships were not linear, and thresholds close to current dietary recommendations were highlighted. When %EIF was low, a lower percentage of energy intake ascribed to %EISF was associated with thinness. These associations remained after the exclusion of children who had an EI/BMR > or = 1.50. CONCLUSIONS: In nonobese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y, a high %EIC, close to dietary recommendations (> or = 55%), was associated with thinness. A high %EIF, over the upper dietary recommendation (< or = 35%), was associated with a greater adiposity thickness. There was no further increase in adiposity beyond this threshold. Reasons for the absence of a linear relationship pattern between adiposity and macronutrient intake remain to be determined.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Influence of mental stress and circadian cycle on postprandial lipemia.

BACKGROUND: Mental stress produces alterations in serum lipids and lipoproteins. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effect of mental stress during the day and night on postprandial lipoproteins. DESIGN: Fourteen healthy subjects aged 26.6 +/- 5.0 y were given randomly the same meal either at night (0100) or during the day (1300), with or without (control session) a mental stress challenge. The meal contained 40% of estimated daily energy needs. The mental task was performed on a computer and consisted of a task of choice reaction. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and hourly for 7 h after the meal. RESULTS: Urinary epinephrine concentrations were higher (P < 0.012) during the mental task than during the control sessions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.02) and total cholesterol (P < 0.0001) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) at night than during the day. The mean postprandial VLDL-triacylglycerol concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.04) during the mental task than during the control sessions. Similarly, the VLDL-cholesterol response, calculated as the area under the postprandial curve, was significantly greater (P < 0.02) during the mental task than during the control sessions. There was no interaction between mental stress and nyctohemeral cycle on postprandial lipoprotein responses, suggesting that both indexes act independently on postprandial lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Mental stress is associated with increased concentrations of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, postprandial hyperlipidemia is one possible mechanism contributing to the higher risk of ischemic heart disease in stressed people.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Leptin response to carbohydrate or fat meal and association with subsequent satiety and energy intake.

To assess the impact of the macronutrient content of a meal on the postprandial leptin response and its relationship with postprandial satiety, 22 young healthy subjects (11 men and 11 women) were given, in a randomized order, an isoenergetic meal [carbohydrate (81%) or fat (79%)] or remained fasting. Blood sampling and hunger and satiety scores were collected hourly during 9 h after the meal. Spontaneous intake was measured at a buffet meal at 9 h postprandially. In both genders, leptin response was higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fat meal and while fasting. In women, leptin levels were higher after the fat meal than while fasting. Leptin response was significantly correlated to insulin response (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Hunger and satiety ratings and subsequent energy intake were not different after carbohydrate or fat intake. In conclusion, a carbohydrate meal induces higher postprandial leptin levels than an isoenergetic fat meal. Short-term regulation of postprandial satiety and food intake is not influenced by circulating leptin.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Short term response of circulating leptin to feeding and fasting in man: influence of circadian cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether acute feeding induces changes in circulating leptin levels in humans and whether these changes vary according to nycthemeral cycle. METHODS: First experiment. Eighteen male subjects were given a fatty meal at 08.00 h. Blood sampling was performed for 10 h following this meal. Second experiment. Thirteen male subjects were given either a mixed meal or remained fasting either at night (starting at 01.00 h) or during the day (starting at 13.00 h). Blood samples were drawn every hour for a period of 8 h. RESULTS: First experiment. Serum leptin levels increased progressively from a mean (s.d.) baseline of 3.8 +/- 2.2 ng/ml to a value of 4.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (P < 0.01) 8 h after the fatty meal. Second experiment. During the day, serum leptin levels increased progressively from 2.65 +/- 1.7 to 3.34 +/- 2.2 ng/ml (P < 0.001) 6 h after the test-meal and decreased from 2.68 +/- 1.5 to 1.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml (P < 0.001) 8 h after the beginning of the fasting experiment. Similar results were obtained at night. No statistically significant differences in leptin levels were observed between day and night sessions in response to feeding (mean area under the curve: 3.0 +/- 4.1 vs 4.1 +/- 4.1 ng/ml) and fasting (-2.9 +/- 2.2 vs -1.5 +/- 2.2 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: In two independent experiments, human serum leptin levels increase following food intake. This response is not influenced by nycthemeral cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Determinants and nature of dietary underreporting in a free-living population: the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS) Study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the determinants and nature of dietary underreporting in a free-living population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of nutritional and behavioural characteristics. SUBJECTS: 1030 weight-stable subjects, 501 women and 529 men older than 15 y, included in the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé study. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intake was assessed using a 3 dy dietary record. Self assessed body weight and height were also recorded. Behavioural and socio-economic data were obtained from a questionnaire. Underreporters were defined as people with a reported ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate lower than 1.05. RESULTS: Underreporting concerned 16% of the population and was significantly more frequent in obese than in non obese subjects (P < 0.001). Underreporting was significantly associated with a high socio-professional class (P < 0.05), having dieted at least once (P < 0.01) and to be in dietary restraint (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the contribution of protein to energy intake was significantly higher in underreporters than in non underreporters, independently of weight status. CONCLUSIONS: These data underline that underreporting may bias the assessment of energy and macronutrient intake, particularly in studies on obesity and dietary restraint. Questions about weight concern, dieting and dietary restraint may be useful to identify subjects who underestimate their food intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Circadian variation of postprandial lipemia.

The goal of the present study was to assess the influence of mealtime on postprandial lipemia. Thirteen healthy subject aged 19-32 y were given the same meal at night (0100) or during the day (1300) in random order: the meal contained 40% of estimated daily energy expenditure. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and hourly for 8 h after the meal. Serum total cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerols, VLDL-triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and apo B were measured at each time point. In a subgroup of seven subjects a control fasting reference line was measured according to the same nocturnal and diurnal time schedule. The mean postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerol (P < 0.001), VLDL-triacylglycerol (P < 0.001), and VLDL-C (P < 0.001) were higher at night than during the day. In contrast, mean cholesterol (P < 0.01), LDL-C (P < 0.01), HDL-C (P < 0.001), apo A-I (P < 0.001), and apo B (P < 0.001) concentrations were lower after the night meal than after the day meal. The magnitude of the postprandial response was estimated by the area between the fasting and postprandial curves. The triacylglycerol and VLDL-triacylglycerol responses were not significantly different between night and day. The VLDL-C (P < 0.01) response was greater and LDL-C (P < 0.0001) and HDL-C (P < 0.01) responses were lower at night than during the day. These results indicate that circadian factors specifically affect serum cholesterol transport. Apo B (P < 0.01) and apo A-I (P < 0.01) responses followed LDL-C and HDL-C changes during the day but were dissociated from lipoprotein responses at night, suggesting that circadian apolipoprotein regulation is dissociated from that of serum lipids. The results of the present study indicate that postprandial lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations are affected by circadian factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Disorders of smell, taste, and food intake in a patient with a dorsomedial thalamic infarct.

BACKGROUND: We report that a lasting deficit in the hedonic character of olfactory and gustatory perception can be observed in bilateral dorsomedial and intralaminar thalamic lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old patient abruptly presented with vigilance disorders associated with a reduction of olfactory and gustatory perceptions. A severe drop in appetite for foods and a weight loss of 10 kg were observed, which were partially reversed with time. Two years later, the main persisting disorder was a change in the quality of perceptions: odors and taste were perceived either in a neutral way, their pleasant character having disappeared, or as unpleasant. However, identification was preserved. MRI showed that lesions principally involved the dorsomedial thalamic nuclei and the adjacent part of the intralaminar nuclei. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that the dorsomedial thalamus may play a role in the hedonic perception of food, thus affecting short-term regulation of food intake, and may possibly have a role in the long-term control of body weight.

Aged↗