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Biomedical subjects

M Rodriguez

Publications and source records attributed to M Rodriguez.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Detection of human papillomavirus L1 protein in condylomata acuminata from adults with defects in cell-mediated immunity.

Immunohistochemical assays for human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein, using antiserum directed against the L1 major capsid protein of bovine papillomavirus (anti-BPV serum), were performed on 101 condylomata acuminata biopsy samples from 47 men (40 of whom had intact cell mediated immunity [CMI], and 7 with conditions known to cause CMI defects), and 54 women (48 with normal CMI, and 6 with CMI defects). L1 protein was detected in 28% of all biopsies, including 20.5% of samples from patients with normal CMI and 76.9% of patients with CMI defects (P = .00002). For both males and females, L1 protein was detected significantly more often in samples from patients with CMI defects than those with normal CMI. Immunohistochemical assays of HPV 11-infected human foreskin implants grown in athymic mice were performed to optimize the conditions of the assay. Three dilutions of anti-BPV serum or preimmune rabbit serum were used. A 1:500 dilution provided readily interpretable results, while preimmune serum at this dilution did not stain to any significant degree. However, at 1:10 and 1:100 dilution, both the anti-BPV serum and preimmune serum caused an unacceptable amount of nuclear staining, making results uninterpretable. Defects in CMI may allow active viral particle assembly at an increased rate, as judged by detection of L1 protein in condylomata acuminata from these patients.

Capsid↗
PubMed1993

ST0 or ST60.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1993

Improved exercise test accuracy using discriminant function analysis and "recovery ST slope".

The objective of the study was to optimize the accuracy of the exercise test for predicting the presence of significant angiographic coronary artery disease. A retrospective analysis of stored digital exercise electrocardiographic data on 147 men who had undergone exercise testing and cardiac catheterization was performed. With significant coronary artery disease defined as > or = 70% stenosis, 95 patients had one or more vessel(s) diseased. None were receiving digoxin, had a myocardial infarction or previous coronary artery bypass graft, or exhibited left bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, Q waves, or ST depression on their resting electrocardiogram. Analysis was performed using the authors' averaging and measurement software at rest and at each 30 seconds throughout the exercise and recovery in leads II, V2, and V5. Discriminant function analysis was used to analyze pretest variables, as well as hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes and symptoms during exercise. A discriminant function score was developed and compared to other treadmill scores. The setting was a 1,000 bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Long Beach, CA). Discriminant function analysis chose age, smoking status, presenting chest pain characteristics, and lead V5 ST slope in recovery to have independent power for separating those with and without coronary artery disease. A discriminant function score using these four variables was used to form a receiver operating characteristics curve (and derive receiver operating characteristics curve areas) for comparison to other exercise test methods and scores: (discriminant function score = .81; slope 3.5 minutes into recovery in lead V5 = .73; traditional ST amplitude method = .72; ST60/HR index (amplitude of ST depression 60 ms after the J point/delta heart rate) = .66; traditional ST amplitude/HR index (traditional method/delta heart rate) = .75; Hollenberg score = .68; Hollenberg areas only = .66; and ST integral = .66. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed a trend for the discriminant function score to be superior to all other measurements and scores. Recovery ST slope in lead V5 performed as well as or better than all other electrocardiographic criteria or treadmill scores except for the authors' discriminant function score.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1993

Ontogeny of T-maze behavioral lateralization in rats.

Behavioral lateralization has been reported in both humans and animals. In humans, lateralization can be detected in neonates and increases to adult levels during postnatal development. Recently we reported lateralization of head and tail movements in neonatal rats. However, the postnatal ontogeny of lateralization in animals has not been previously studied. This work presents a study of rat behavioral lateralization in the T-maze test during postnatal development (from day 30 to day 60). A decrease was found in absolute (percent preferred-side choices) and population (right-left arm choices) laterality between day 30 and day 45 of postnatal life. The lateralization degree remained unchanged between days 45 and 60. Because behavioral alternation increases from day 30 to day 45, the present data suggest that animal lateralization of behavior is a phenomenon that remains throughout the subject's life span, but whose behavioral quantification could be concealed by the ontogenic increases of other phenomena such us behavioral alternation. This hypothesis could explain the high level of lateralization in neonatal rats, the low level of rat lateralization during adulthood, and the increases in lateralization induced by stress.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Expression of T cell receptor V beta transcripts in central nervous system of mice susceptible and resistant to Theiler's virus-induced demyelination.

We utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine for preferential expression of T cell receptor (TcR) V beta s in T cells infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS) of mice infected with Theiler's virus. Infection of susceptible strains of mice with Theiler's virus results in demyelinating disease similar to multiple sclerosis. At 7 days following infection, no difference was observed in TcR V beta usage in lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS between resistant (B10.K) and susceptible (B10.Q or SJL/J) mice. In susceptible mice with prominent demyelination (day 45 and 238 following infection), no preferential expression of TcR V beta s was observed in the CNS. There is strong evidence that T cells play a major role in pathogenesis of TMEV-induced demyelination. There is increasing evidence using recombinant inbred strain mice with TcR V beta deletions that T cells expressing certain TcR V beta genes may be critical in the disease process. Yet, analysis of TcR V beta expression on T cells in CNS using PCR technology did not provide a way to dissect which antigen-specific T cells play a role in disease. These results confirm that during active demyelination specific as well as non-specific T cells are recruited to the CNS. Even though the pathogenesis of TMEV-induced disease may not be identical to that in multiple sclerosis, it is unlikely that similar approaches utilizing polymerase chain reaction will provide insights to the role of T cell receptors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal lateralization of behavior and brain dopaminergic asymmetry.

Behavioral lateralization has previously been reported in adult animals. This work presents a study of behavioral laterality and spontaneous alternation behavior in 156 neonatal rats (39 litters with two males and two females per litter). The initial tail and head lateral movements (axis body-tail or head higher than 30 degrees) were recorded after neonatal rats were gently placed along a straight line drawn on a glass surface. This test was repeated 10 times. A leftward population lateralization was found for tail movement while head movement was rightward. The alternation behavior was lower (10-25%) than that previously reported for adult rats (80-90%) and than that expected if movement was made at random (50%). Males were more lateralized than females for head and tail movements. No sex differences were observed for behavioral alternation. In 2-day-old rats (10 litters with one male and one female per litter), the right brain side had a higher content in dopamine (mesencephalon) and DOPAC (proencephalon) than the left brain side. Thus, we concluded that behavioral and biochemical asymmetries in animals are conditioned by phenomena present during prenatal or early neonatal (first hours after birth) life and that spontaneous alternation behavior is not present during the earlier stages of postnatal development.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Oligodendrocyte injury is an early event in lesions of multiple sclerosis.

The ultrastructural features of 11 stereotaxic brain biopsy specimens that demonstrated inflammatory primary demyelination consistent with acute multiple sclerosis were examined. Uniform widening of inner myelin lamellae (biphasic myelinopathy) and degeneration of inner glial loops ("dying-back" oligodendrogliopathy) were early pathologic abnormalities that antedated complete destruction of myelin sheaths. Perivascular inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, and occasional plasma cells) were in intimate contact with degenerating myelin sheaths. The response of astrocytes was prominent, even in areas of minimal demyelination. Oligodendrocytes were morphologically preserved in early lesions but proliferated at the periphery of active lesions. Thinly myelinated axons indicative of central nervous system-type remyelination by oligodendrocytes were observed primarily at the edge of plaques. Disturbances of the myelinating function of oligodendrocytes--unaccompanied by death of these cells--may be among the earliest pathologic features in multiple sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The relationship between serum calcitonin and calcium in the hemodialysis patient.

An increase in the serum calcium level is known to stimulate calcitonin secretion, but whether calcitonin contributes to calcium regulation in the dialysis patient is not known. Because we recently observed in the rat that (1) a sigmoidal calcitonin-calcium curve was present, and (2) calcitonin stimulation decreased the calcemic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), the relationship between serum calcitonin and calcium was studied in six hemodialysis patients. To evaluate both the calcitonin-calcium and PTH-calcium relationships, hemodialysis with a low-calcium dialysate (2 mg/dL) was performed and followed 1 week later by hemodialysis with a high-calcium dialysate (8 mg/dL). The calcitonin-calcium relationship was best represented as a sigmoidal curve that was opposite in direction to the PTH-calcium curve. The range of the calcitonin-calcium curve was less than the PTH-calcium curve; as a percent of maximal, the minimal calcitonin was higher than the minimal PTH, 61% +/- 5% versus 26% +/- 4% (P < 0.001). As opposed to the PTH-calcium curve in which the basal PTH value was intermediate between the minimal and maximal PTH, the basal calcitonin value was close to the minimal calcitonin. Despite a wide range of ionized serum calcium concentrations (3.5 to 5.3 mg/dL), maximal stimulation was greater than maximal inhibition of calcitonin, 60% +/- 13% versus 3% +/- 2% (P = 0.01). Finally, a significant correlation was observed between basal and maximal calcitonin (r = 0.99, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic urinary tract infection in patients with SCI: a preliminary study.

The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to (1) evaluate the role of pyuria in predicting the progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in spinal cord-injured patients who undergo sterile intermittent bladder catheterization and (2) evaluate the impact of treating asymptomatic UTI on this progression. Twenty hospitalized patients were randomized to either the treatment group (10 subjects) or the control group (10 subjects). Weekly urine samples were obtained for quantitation of bacterial growth and pyuria. Neither the level nor the trend of pyuria helped predict the imminent progression to symptomatic UTI. Thirty percent of patients in the treatment group developed symptomatic UTI vs 70 percent of patients in the control group; it took a significantly longer time for patients in the treatment vs control group to develop symptomatic UTI (median number of days: 72 vs 7, respectively; p < 0.003). Further analysis of the long-term impact of antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic UTI is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The potential for oligodendrocyte proliferation during demyelinating disease.

The potential for oligodendrocytes to proliferate in response to central nervous system injury was examined. We used intracerebral infection of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, a model for multiple sclerosis, which results in chronic demyelinating disease of SJL/J mice. Proliferating cells in spinal cord sections of adult mice were identified using simultaneous immunohistochemistry and in situ autoradiography ([3H]-thymidine incorporation). Seven different cell-specific markers were used to characterize proliferating cells as oligodendrocytes (myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, galactocerebroside, CNPase), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia/macrophages (Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4) or T-lymphocytes (CD3). The average number of proliferating cells per area of spinal cord white matter was 11/mm2 in normal young adult mice compared to 61/mm2 in chronically infected mice. Most proliferating cells in normal spinal cord were not identified with these markers and were presumed to be progenitor glial cells. However, in spinal cord white matter of mice infected with Theiler's virus for approximately 4 months, 88% of proliferating cells were identified. Approximately one-third of all proliferating cells were in the oligodendrocyte lineage and expressed markers observed late in myelin differentiation. In demyelinated areas as compared to normal white matter, there was an 80- to 211-fold increase in the number of proliferating oligodendrocytes expressing myelin basic protein or proteolipid protein, respectively. The remainder of the proliferating cells in areas of demyelination were astrocytes, microglial cells and T-cells. These experiments support the hypothesis that factors within a demyelinating lesion promote the proliferation and differentiation of cells within the oligodendroglial lineage.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1993

Changes in malathion and pyrethroid resistance after cypermethrin selection of Culex quinquefasciatus field populations of Cuba.

Use of the organophosphorus insecticide malathion for mosquito control in Cuba, for 7 years up to 1986, selected elevated non-specific esterase and altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resistance mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus. In central Havana space-spraying of malathion was replaced by the pyrethroid cypermethrin in 1987: alternate cycles of malathion and cypermethrin were applied in some of the more rural areas of Havana district during 1987-91. Consequently, populations of Cx quinquefasciatus in the central area of Havana developed resistance to cypermethrin, but there is no evidence of pyrethroid resistance in the outlying areas. Malathion resistance levels declined significantly after 1986, measured both by bioassay and the frequency of the elevated esterase resistance mechanism, and then stabilized with no measurable decline during 1990 in any of the populations tested. These populations had less than 10% frequency of susceptible homozygotes for both the esterase and AChE resistance mechanisms, indicating that organophosphate resistance is still prevalent in Cuban Cx quinquefasciatus. These two mechanisms appear to be in linkage equilibrium, suggesting that current selection for double resistance is not strong. In the central Havana region, pirimiphos-methyl, an organophosphorus insecticide unaffected by the two common malathion resistance mechanisms, is now being used in a resistance management strategy designed to avoid pyrethroid resistance spreading.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Importance of the leucine side-chain to the spasmogenic activity and binding of substance P analogues.

Previous studies with Substance P (SP) antagonists (GR 71251, [DPro9, Pro10, Trp11]SP and [DPro9, MeLeu10, Trp11]SP) have suggested the existence in the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) of two distinct tachykinin receptors associated with the contractile responses of [Pro9]SP and septide. In addition [Apa9-10]SP, a glycine-substituted analogue of SP with a carba bond between residues 9 and 10, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP = [Apa9-10]SP, was shown to belong to the 'septide family' (low affinity for NK-1 specific binding sites and high potency in the GPI). In order to establish the importance of the isopropyl side-chain in position 10, the binding potencies and activities of [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP, [Ala10]SP, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Leu10]SP and [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-DLeu10]SP were compared. Conformational behaviour of active peptides with a carba bond was analyzed by NMR and modelisation studies. This study with agonists demonstrated that undecapeptides substituted in position 10 in the SP sequence also enabled discrimination of NK-1 receptors from receptors responsible for the spasmogenic activities of peptides belonging to the 'septide family'. [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Leu10]SP is a highly potent NK-1 agonist, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP acts on the septide-sensitive receptor, and [Ala10]SP is a mixed agonist.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Molecular characterization of South American bovine herpesvirus-1 isolates with monoclonal antibodies and SDS-PAGE.

Antigenic patterns of BHV-1 isolates from Argentina, Chile and Brazil were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated with BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.3 strains. Among the Argentinian isolates, 7/8 neurological cases showed BHV-1.3 characteristics and 10/12 non-neurological cases from all countries exhibited BHV-1.1/2 pattern. All viral isolates from genital infections showed BHV-1.1/2 characteristics. Chilean isolates exhibited BHV-1.1/2 pattern and one among 3 Brazilian viruses was defined as belonging to BHV-1.3. Results of the characterization using MAbs, were confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of representative isolates. A total correlation was observed between the reactivity with MAbs and the SDS-polyacrylamide analysis. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that the type 1.3, most frequently obtained from the brain of neurological cases, is present in Argentina and Brazil and coexists with BHV-1.1/2.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endotoxin-induced pulmonary dysfunction is prevented by C1-esterase inhibitor.

In septic shock, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neutrophil activation are related to the activation of the blood coagulation contact system. This study evaluates in dogs the effect of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), a main inhibitor of the blood coagulation contact system, on the cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction associated with endotoxic shock. Two groups were included: controls, which received Escherichia coli endotoxin, and a C1-INH group in which C1-INH was infused before E. coli endotoxin administration. In both groups, endotoxin produced hypodynamic shock; however, the decrease in the systolic index and the ventricular systolic work indexes were greater in controls than the C1-INH group. In controls, the arterial O2 partial pressure decreased by 30% and the alveolo-arterial O2 difference increased by 625%, these parameters remained unchanged in the C1-INH group. Hypoxemia was associated with increased intrapulmonary shunt, decreased blood coagulation contact factors, and decreased C3c. In contrast, C1-INH administration prevented endotoxin-induced hypoxemia, the increase in intrapulmonary shunt, and the decrease in blood coagulation contact factors. This study shows that, in dogs with endotoxic shock, pulmonary dysfunction is associated with an activation of the blood coagulation contact phase system. An inhibition of this system by C1-INH prevented the hypoxemia induced by endotoxic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Trauma and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study from Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Utilizing the Olmsted County, Minnesota, population-based records-linkage resource at Mayo Clinic, we identified an incidence and a prevalence cohort with multiple sclerosis (MS), a head injury cohort, and a lumbar disk surgery cohort to evaluate the association between mechanical trauma and MS onset or exacerbation. The MS cohorts consisted of 225 incidence cases (1905 to 1991) and 164 prevalence cases (December 1, 1991) of definite MS in the population of Olmsted County. We assessed the effect of mechanical trauma in the form of spinal injury or extremity fracture with regard to precipitation of MS or exacerbation of an existing neurologic deficit. Fifty-four episodes of trauma, as defined, occurred among 39 MS prevalence cases; most occurred 10 years or more after the onset of disease and were associated with existing MS-related disability. We compared the final disability status of the groups with and without trauma. We found no correlation between the occurrence of peripheral fractures and the onset of MS, exacerbation of MS, or final disability due to MS in the prevalence cohort. In a cohort of 819 head injury cases from the Olmsted County population, none developed MS within 6 months of the trauma. In a lumber disk surgery cohort of 942 local residents, there were five with MS, but onset of MS had preceded the spinal surgery in four of the five. Thus, we found no association of head injury and spinal disk surgery with onset of MS.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1993

Cabergoline in Parkinson's disease: long-term follow-up.

We treated 36 patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias on chronic levodopa therapy with cabergoline (CBG) once a day for a mean period of 14.2 +/- 5.8 months. There was a significant increase in the "on" hours and a reduction in "off-period" dystonia. Ten patients continued to show a marked improvement after 28.3 months of treatment (mean dose, 11.3 +/- 4.5 mg). In 23 patients, increased dyskinesias (daily CBG dose, 11 +/- 4.3 mg) had complicated the positive effect after 17.2 +/- 4.8 months. Three patients (daily CBG dose, 14.3 mg) were therapeutic failures, and administration of CBG was stopped. Side effects leading to CBG discontinuation were visual hallucinations (n = 5), heart failure (n = 5), and nausea and vomiting (n = 1). Plasma CBG levels, measured in seven patients taking 3, 5, or 7 mg daily (po), showed fairly stable concentrations throughout the 24 hours. We concluded that CBG is an efficient dopamine agonist that can provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation when taken orally once a day.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plasmapheresis in acute episodes of fulminant CNS inflammatory demyelination.

We present six patients with acute fulminant episodes of CNS inflammatory demyelination who responded to therapeutic plasmapheresis after failing a course of high-dose methylprednisolone administered IV. Neurologic improvement occurred in three of the patients following the second plasmapheresis. Dramatic improvement in motor function (four patients) and language (two patients) began within 2 to 14 days and persisted during the 6 to 35 months (mean, 15 months) of follow-up. Results of this uncontrolled study suggest that plasmapheresis in the absence of other immunosuppressive drugs may have a role in the treatment of severe episodes of inflammatory demyelination in a select subset of MS patients.

Adult↗