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Biomedical subjects

M Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to M Roberts.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Massive polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, eosinophilia and increased IgE-bearing lymphocytes.

A patient (E.M.) with marked eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulin E (IgE) has been followed for 4 years. Peripheral blood eosinophilia reached levels in excess of 18,000 cells/mm3 and serum IgE concentration increased to more than 210,000 units/ml (about 0.48 mg IgE/ml). The IgE has both lambda and kappa light chains and is therefore considered polyclonal. The patient has an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes which stain for surface IgE. Transfer of the patient's plasma (plasmsEM) to a rhesus monkey did not induce peripheral boood eosinophilia. The half life of IgEEM in a rhesus monkey was 2.2 days, which is similar to the half life of myeloma IgE in human subjects. The condition was not associated with defined morbidity except for mild persistent pruritus. Various studies revealed no evidence for atopic parasitic, immune deficiency or neoplastic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Studies of immunoglobulins, bentonite flocculation and IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies in serum from patients with trichinosis.

Serial serum samples were obtained from two patients from a family of four who ingested raw pork at a known time and in whom trichinosis developed. Single and occasionally two serum samples were obtained from other patients with proved trichinosis. Studies of these serum samples showed that elevations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels do occur but not in all serum samples and that even when these levels are elevated, they are not high enough to be of diagnostic value. This is also true for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM). Using a solid phase radioimmunoadsorbent test, IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in the serums. The IgE antibody activity appeared early but was not present in all samples. The IgM antibody activity appeared later than the IgE and IgG antibody activity, and there was a statistically significant correlation between IgM antibodies as determined by radioimmunoassay and the bentonite flocculation titers suggesting that the bentonite flocculation is due to IgM antibody. IgM antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay were positive in all serum samples from patients with trichinosis except for a sample obtained 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The early increase in IgG antibodies and the occurrence of these antibodies in all serum samples obtained more than 3 days after onset of symptoms suggest a potential diagnostic use if serial samples are available early in the course of the disease.

Bentonite↗
PubMed1975

Recurrent inguinal hernia. Follow-up study of 100 postoperative patients.

This review of recurrent inguinal hernia evaluates the possible causes of recurrence and the most effective operative procedures for successful repair. Emphasis is placed upon precise dissection technic so that whatever fascia is available after the primary operation may be utilized for the subsequent repair. A detailed study is devoted to the histologic features of fascia, emphasizing its lack of vascularization as the possible reason for its strength and permanency throughout life. In operations for recurrent inguinal hernia, rectus sheath pedunculated grafts should be used more frequently, and in extreme cases cord excision may be required. A follow-up study of one hundred postoperative cases, with a failure rate of 7 per cent, is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of the DNA from the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii and implications for nuclear organization.

Although dinoflagellates are eucaryotes, they possess many bacterial nuclear traits. For this reason they are thought by some to be evolutionary intermediates. Dinoflagellates also possess some unusual nuclear traits not seen in either bacteria or higher eucaryotes, such as a very large number of identical appearing, permanently condensed chromosomes suggesting polyteny or polyploidy. We have studied the DNA of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii with respect to DNA per cell, chromosome counts, and renaturation kinetics. The renaturation kinetic results tend to refute extreme polyteny and polyploidy as the mode of nuclear organization. This organism contains 55-60% repeated, interspersed DNA typical of higher eucaryotes. These results, along with the fact that dinoflagellate chromatin contains practically no basic protein, indicate that dinoflagellates may be organisms with a combination of both bacterial and eucaryotic traits.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Acute urinary retention in the female.

The causes of acute urinary retention in the female are discussed in relation to 103 cases recorded over a 3-year period. The authors feel that the findings are at variance with traditional teaching on the subject. Rather than being very rare the condition is found, in fact, to be not uncommon. It is found to occur postoperatively and following childbirth. Gynaecological and neurological lesions are reaffirmed as important causes and pathology within the urinary tract is found to be a more frequent component that is usually appreciated. Our findings do not support the view that hysteria is a common cause of acute urinary retention in females.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Visceral larva migrans: Immunoglobulins, precipitating antibodies and detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against Ascaris antigen.

Serum samples from ten children with visceral larva migrans were evaluated by analysis of: immunoglobulin concentrations, precipitin reactions against Toxocara and Ascaris antigens and blood group substances, and IgM and IgG activity against Ascaris antigen by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The elevated concentrations of serum IgE and IgG and the positive precipitin reactions which occurred in some cases are an aid in diagnosis but were not consistently present. Serum IgM concentrations were elevated in all cases. IgM or IgG antibodies against Ascaris suum antigen were detected in all cases by a solid phase RIA technique. Radioimmunoassay techniques of this type may provide a superior method of diagnosis, particularly if used with serial serum samples which demonstrate changing levels of antibodies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

Insulin therapy in patients with systemic insulin allergy.

Insulin was administered to 12 of 15 patients with systemic insulin hypersensitivity. Eight patients with a history of a systemic reaction to insulin but not receiving current therapy were skin-tested and desensitized. Four receiving insulin had temporary dose reduction followed by slow increase to therapeutic levels. No noticeable reactions recurred in any of them. Levels of IgE antibodies against insulin were determined in 12. Substantial elevations were found in eight. These levels declined rapidly in three desensitized patients who were studied in contrast to the slower decline in three patients who were not desensitized. Insulin can be cautiously administered if necessary to patients with prior systemic insulin hypersensitivity. Evidence that IgE antibodies are against the insulin molecule in at least some patients indicates the need for a desensitization regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of visceral larva migrans by radioimmunoassay systems.

A 9-year-old child with miliary pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E recovered rapidly cover a four-week period. Subsequent analysis of serum samples by a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique demonstrated IgM, IgE, and IgG antibodies to Ascaris suum antigen which declined following the acute phase of the illness in parallel with a decline in serum IgM, IgE, and IgG concentrations. Precipitating antibodies in serum against Ascaris antigen were demonstrated. The diagnosis is considered to be toxocariasis or ascariasis. The application of sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques of this type should provide a method of earlier diagnosis and the demonstration of rapidly changing antibody levels a method of confirming the diagnosis in parasitic diseases.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1975

In vitro production of IgE by lymphocytes from a patient with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and increased lymphocytes carrying surface IgE.

The peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with massive hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E were used for in vitro studies. The serum IgE ranged from 140,000-210,000 u/ml. Peripheral blood lymphocytes had approximately 7% of cells staining for surface IgE. When these cells were cultured in vitro, IgE was produced as measured by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. The total IgE produced ranged from 140 to 484 units per 24 hr in different cultures. IgE production was greatest in the first 24 hr of culture and declined progressively thereafter. Some cultures still had measurable IgE at 48 hr. If the lymphocytes staining for surface IgE were the cells producing the IgE, it was estimated that between 1-7 and 2-8 molecules per cell per second were produced. No definite effect of concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen or phytohaemagglutinin on in vitro IgE production could be demonstrated under the conditions of these experiments.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1974

Respiratory immune response to aerosolized keyhole limpet hemocyanin in primate lungs.

Methodology for delivery of antigen to the lower respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys and the recovery of respiratory secretions (RS) by bronchial lavage has been evaluated and has been done on repeated occasions without apparent risk to animals. Rhesus immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, and IgA were identified in RS by their cross-reactivity with human IgG, IgA, and IgM, and relative concentrations of rhesus IgA and IgG could be evaluated in sequential samples of RS and serum (S) by radial immunodiffusion analysis using antiserum specific for human gamma and alpha chains. Administration of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by aerosol was compared with intravenous administration of KLH. The aerosol route of administration resulted in IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies detectable by radio-immunodiffusion in RS but only IgG antibodies in serum. After separate sequences of exposure to KLH delivered to the lung, a secondary type of immune response in the lung appeared as indicated by time of appearance and height of antibody titers. Antibody titers against KLH were estimated by passive hemagglutination of tanned sheep red cells coated with KLH, and anti-KLH titers were comparatively higher in RS of animals immunized by the respiratory route. Treatment of RS and S with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in reduction of hemagglutination titers of both S and RS, but the degree of reduction varied in different samples and was independent of whether or not the S and RS were collected simultaneously. These results indicate that at least part of the antibody response to aerosolized KLH in rhesus monkeys occurs in the lung and that antibodies may appear in all three immunoglobulin classes in this response.

Aerosols↗