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Biomedical subjects

M Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to M Roberts.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Target cell in chronic myeloid leukaemia and its relationship to acute lymphoid leukaemia.

On the basis of membrane marker analysis with an antiserum made against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and other immunological markers it is suggested that some chronic myeloid leukaemias (C.M.L.) and some acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (A.L.L.) originate in a common target cell or precursor. This is possibly a pluripotential stem cell or a closely related derivative. These leukaemic cells retain their undifferentiated membrane characteristics C.M.L. patients in blast crisis who are A.L.L.-antigen-positive and have terminal transferase enzyme activity might benefit from therapy usually given in typical Philadelphia-chromosome-negative A.L.L.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1976

Sauna-takers disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated water in a home sauna.

Daily saunas taken by a young man were followed by fever, chills, malaise, dyspnea, cough, and myalgia from six to eight hours later. Symptoms, which were related to pouring water from a sauna bucket over the heating element, progressed to chronic dyspnea and fatigue. Serial serum samples showed precipitin reactions to bucket water and extracts of bucket mold. IgG antibody activity, demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, suggested that Pullularia was a major antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The skin bank.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Burns↗
PubMed1976

Time-out with children. Effects of an explanation and brief parent training on child and parent behaviors.

The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to determine the effect of an explanation prior to or after time-out on child compliance and on child disruptive behavior during time-out and (b) to determine the effect of brief parent training in time-out on child and parent behaviors. Thirty-two mother-child pairs served as subjects and were assigned to one of the following four groups: control, time-out only, explanation prior to time-out, or explanation following time-out. Each mother-child pair was observed for one session under pretraining, training, and posttraining conditions. The results indicated that time-out significantly increased compliance but the addition of an explanation did not further alter the effectiveness of time-out. Training in the use of time-out decreased the incidence of maternal interruptions but did affect maternal responses that were not trained. Finally, following brief time-out training for noncompliance, the mothers used the procedure only 50% of the time following noncompliance.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Pigeons breeders' disease. I. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations; IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies against pigeon serum.

The clinical course of a patient with severe acute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis of the pigeon breeders' disease (PBD) type was evaluated. A significant remission of symptomatic, roentgenographic and pulmonary function abnormalities occurred after cessation of exposure to antigen. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), A (IgA) and M (IgM) antibody activity against pigeon serum was demonstrated in the patient's serum by a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) technic. The levels of these antibodies fell subsequent to elimination of antigen inhalation. The RIA technic was used to demonstrate IgG, IgA and IgM antibody activity in single serum samples of four other patients with PBD, and this technic may have diagnostic value. Although no immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody was demonstrable by RIA, a heat-liable, reaginic antibody was also detectable in the serum of the primary case. In addition, Arthus type cutaneous reactivity was passively transferred to the skin of a volunteer subject using heated serum from a patient with PBD.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Lissencephaly.

The first reported case of lissencephaly resulting from a consanguinous union strengthens the supposition that in some cases, it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Comparison of this case with a sporadically occurring case of lissencephaly, with different cortical morphology, suggests that lissencephaly may be an example of either varying gene expressivity or genetic heterogeneity. Lissencephaly and pachygyria may eventually be shown to be due to different causes, some inherited, some acquired. The classical examples of lissencephaly are different morphologically from a case in which antenatal cytomegalovirus infection had produced a small smooth brain. This suggests that antenatal viral infections are destructive rather than teratogenic.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). II. Cell surface marker analysis of "lymphoid" and myeloid cases.

Fourteen cases of philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast transformation have been investigated using cell surface markers. Morphologically eight cases were lymphoid and the remainder myeloid in appearance. All cases were negative with surface markers for thymocytes and T and B lymphocytes. Five of the lymphoid cases reacted with an antiserum specific for acute lymphoid leukaemia )ALL) of non-T non-B type and were also weakly reactive with a lymphocyte reactive antiserum. A sixth patient, whose blast cells were anti-ALL negative (ALL-) at presentation, subsequently developed central nervous system leukaemia with anti-ALL positive (ALL+) blast cells in the CSF. In all cases the leukaemic blast cells showed greatly diminished expression of cholera toxin receptors when compared to granulocytic cells from the chronic phase of CML. This parallels weak or negligible expression of the cholera toxin receptor in ALL and AML. These results suggest that the blastic phase of CML may involve different cellular derivatives of a pluripotential stem cell in which the primary malignant/genetic changes reside. The blast crisis of CML can therefore be heterogeneous with respect to cellular expression and in a significant proportion of patients involves a cell which is by membrane markers and morphological criteria indistinguishable from that seen in the common form of ALL. In these cases the Philadelphia chromosome may be the only distinguishing cellular characteristic.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1976

Chronic hypersensitivity lung disease with recurrent episodes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to a contaminated central humidifer.

A child with a 4-year history of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms of unknown aetiology was investigated for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lung disease due to inhalation of material from a contaminated central humidifier was suggested by the clinical history, the presence of precipitating antibodies in the serum against the humidifier water, a pulmonary response to challenge with the humidifier water, and marked improvement after removal of the humidifier. No fungi were cultured from the humidifier nor were antibodies against a number of fungal antigens identified by radioimmunoassay inhibition techniques. Antigenic material was found in the humidifier water and the household water prior to its reaching the humidifier. This antigenic material was not found in laboratory tap water supplied from the same general source (Lake Michigan) but from a different pumping station. Three of the child's siblings gave histories suggestive of a single concurrent episode of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis and one sibling had a history suggestive of chronic hypersensitivity lung disease. No association could be found between HLA-haplotypy and disease in the patient and the siblings.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1976

Primary pelvic hydronephrosis in children: a retrospective survey.

A retrospective review of 63 children with primary pelvic hydronephrosis has revealed many features similar to those in adults. A plea is made for the greater use of pressure/flow studies in the renal pelvis in the assessment of hydronephrosis. The value of a modified and simplified nephroplasty as an adjunct to pyeloplasty in the more advanced obstructive cases is described and its greater use encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes against antigens causing farmer's lung.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay technique was used to demonstrate antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes in sera against farmer's lung antigens. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody activity in normal patients and in patients with farmer's lung were detected against Micropolyspora faeni. Only the IgG and IgA antibody activity was different in farmers and in control subjects. An asymptomatic subject could not be differentiated from symptomatic farmers by IgG antibody activity. No IgE antibody activity was detected. The radioimmunoassay technique can be used to show antibody activity against carbohydrate antigens and as a method of evaluation of antigens by inhibition analysis. Certain types of hypersensitivity lung disease can be discriminated by in vitro analysis of serum antibody of various immunoglobulin classes. This is apparent for IgE and possibly true for IgM.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Reagin-mediated asthma in rhesus monkeys and relation to bronchial cell histamine release and airway reactivity to carbocholine.

Rhesus monkeys with persistent immediate-type cutaneous and respiratory responses (RR) to ascaris antigen (AA) were compared with rhesus monkeys with skin reactivity and no respiratory responses, and animals with no skin reactivity and no respiratory responses to inhaled antigen (NR). The RR group could not be distinguished from the nonresponding (NR) group by the cutaneous skin test titers, serum, or respiratory secretion IgE concentration. Leukocyte histamine (H) release due to anti-IgE was similar with peripheral blood leukocytes and bronchial lumen mast cells (MC) from RR and NR animals. The RR group of animals could be distinguished from the NR group by their degree of sensitivity to inhaled carbocholine and H release from respiratory MC exposed to AA. The RR group demonstrates consistent, persistent respiratory responses suitable for immunologic, pharmacologic, and physiologic studies. Finally, it was found that the IgE concentration in respiratory secretions of rhesus monkeys was comparatively higher than in serum, evidence for IgE as a secretory Ig in the respiratory tract of this species.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

The role of the skin bank.

The use of a skin bank is discussed and various indications for the use of viable homografts and lyophilized skin as a temporary biological cover for open wounds are described.

Burns↗
PubMed1976

In vitro production of IgE by human peripheral blood lymphocytes: effect of cholera toxin and beta adrenergic stimulation.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two human donors with elevated serum IgE concentrations were maintained in short term tissue culture preparations. Repeated culture preparations demonstrated that IgE was produced in vitro in amounts that could be measured by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. The amount of IgE produced by replicate cultures of cells from a single bleeding of the donor was similar when the cultures were simultaneously prepared. In contrast, IgE production by the same donor's lymphocytes varied when the culture preparations were initiated from separate bleedings. The results of simultaneous cultures of a single bleeding were sufficiently consistent to provide a means of testing the effect of pharmacologic agents on the in vitro production of IgE. Cholera toxin effected a marked reduction in production of IgE by lymphocytes of both cell donors. Isoproterenol showed marked inhibition of IgE production at 10(-3) M but cell viability studies suggested that this may have been due to decreased cell viability. At lower, nontoxic concentrations of isoproterenol (10(-4) M-10(-6) M) slight but definite inhibition of in vitro IgE production was evident. This inhibition was more pronounced subsequent to the first 24 hr of exposure of the cells to isoproterenol.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1976

Pigeon breeders disease. III. A study of a family exposed to doves.

A family of five individuals exposed to doves in their home were studied to evaluate possible factors leading to sympotmatic hypersensitivity pneumonitis documented in one member of the family, while the other exposed members remained asymptomatic. Antbodies against pigeon serum were domenstrated by radioimmunoassay in all subjects, and significant lymphocyte reactivity against pigeon antigens was demonstrable in three of the five members. The presence of serum antibody activity or lymphocyte reactivity against avian antigens or both did not differentiate the sick from the well family subjects. However, the possibility that increased exposure to antigen may correlate with higher degrees of antibody and lymphocyte reactivity as well as clinical disease is suggested from observation made in this family. No correlation was found between HL-A type and either symptomatic disease or immunological reactivity in these subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) in ventricular and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of dogs.

Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from the lateral ventricles and cisternal space from beagle dogs under light pentobarbital anesthesia. Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglyco-sulfate (MOPEG-SO4) levels in the liquor taken from these two regions were evaluated, and the ventricular-cisternal ratio (V/C) was calculated for each monoamine metabolite. A marked similarity in the V/C ratio of 6:1 for 5-HIAA and 5:1 for MOPEG-SO4, as compared to a much higher V/C ratio of 18:1 for HVA, perhaps reflects the more diffuse distribution of norepinephrine and serotonin, precursor amines, as compared to dopamine in the CNS and also emphasizes the probable existence of an active transport mechanism for the removal of MOPEG-SO4, as has been well documented for 5-HIAA and HVA.

Animals↗