Intragraft cytokine and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) specific protein expression as predictors of rat small intestine transplant rejection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Robert
Publications and source records attributed to M Robert.
[Fundamental bases of urinary oxalo-calcic lithogenesis].
Oxalo-calcic lithogenesis is a multifactorial and complex phenomenon leading to the formation of stones from crystals which originate, grow and agglomerate in the urinary tract. The over-saturation of calcium oxalate in the urine is a fundamental element of the processus which goes through successive stages under the influence of promoting or inhibiting agents. The coefficient of over-saturation corresponds to the ratio of ioniclly active products and the thermodynamic solubility and depends not only on the type of crystal but also on the surrounding environment, in particular its ionic force. Crystals of uric acid, sodium urate and brushite urate are the main activators of oxalo-calcic lithogenesis and cirate, magnesium and pyrophosphates and different protein compounds (nephrocalcin, Tam-Horsfall protein) are the main inhibitors. These pathophysiologic features have a direct effect on adapted prophylactic management of the often recurrent oxalo-calcic urinary lithiasis.
Calcium Oxalate↗
[Early postoperative complications of rigid uretero-renoscopy: screening for iatrogenic vesico-ureteral reflux. 30 cases].
From April to September 1992, systematic screening for iatrogenic vesicoureteric reflux was performed in a series of 30 patients treated by rigid ureterorenoscopy. Most of these endoscopies were performed for renal stones using a Wolff Multiscope (7.5/12 F) without prior dilatation of the urinary tract. The study protocol was essentially based on pre- and postoperative retrograde and voiding cystography. The site and tone of the ureteric orifice and the compliance of the intramural ureter were also evaluated and the operating time was determined. Out of 33 ureteric endoscopies, only one case of type I pelvic vesicoureteric reflux was demonstrated following an operation with no particular technical problems. This rare and benign deferred complication draws attention to the potential consequences of rigid ureterorenoscopy on the vesicoureteric antireflux device.
Adult↗
[Piezo-electric extracorporeal lithotripsy of non-coralliform kidney calculi with a maximal measurement of greater than or equal to 25 mm. Apropos of 25 cases].
From June 1991 to April 1993, 25 non-staghorn renal stones with a maximal diameter greater than or equal to 25 mm were treated by piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotripsy (EDAP LT 01). The complete success rate was 56% after 1 (16%), 2 (12%), 3 (16%) or 4 sessions (12%). 14 double J ureteric stents were implanted (56% of cases) and 4 complications were observed (2 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 2 cases of ureteric silting). These results were inferior to those obtained with percutaneous surgery, but help to define the potential indications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. This treatment modality can therefore be applied to large friable weddellite or even struvite stones, particularly when the anatomical conditions are unfavourable for percutaneous surgery.
Acute Disease↗
Stimulation of human somatosensory cortex: tactile and body displacement perceptions in medial regions.
We examined the somatosensory perceptions evoked by stimulation of rolandic and parietal brain regions in 40 epileptic patients undergoing a presurgical investigation with intracerebral electrodes. Bipolar stimulation trains were delivered in an incremental sequence at medial and/or lateral contact pairs of stereotaxically implanted, multi-contact electrodes, while monitoring stimulus after discharge propagation with electrodes in frontal and temporal lobes. Rolandic stimulation evoked contralateral sensations, whereas sensations from either side were evoked in the opercular region. Stimulation of lateral posterior parietal cortex evoked only few sensations and these were restricted to the supramarginal gyrus. Contralateral sensations were evoked in the posterior cingulate gyrus, whereas ipsilateral sensations were evoked in the vicinity of the cingulate sulcus. Complex proprioceptive sensations in the form of bilateral feelings of levitation were elicited in a medial parietal region around the subparietal sulcus and not at any other site. These perceptions were not accompanied by any movement, tactile, or vestibular sensations, suggesting that the human sub-parietal sulcus region is linked to the proprioceptive processing system.
Electrodes↗
Gender differences in horizontality and verticality representation in relation to initial position of the stimuli.
Research on gender differences in the ability to represent horizontality in the water-level task has suggested that failure in some women may be connected with responding while envisioning the upright container as shifting to a tilted position and holding liquid in motion, rather than imaging that the container has reached the tilted position and holds still liquid. The present experiment attempted to eliminate such faulty conceptualization by solely presenting containers that had already reached a stable, tilted position. College students of both sexes were submitted either to the modified, static presentation of the water-level task or to the standard, dynamic format using both upright and tilted positions. The subjects were also submitted to corresponding plumb-line tasks requiring verticality representation. In addition, they rated the vividness of their movement imagery. Contrary to prediction, women's proficiency was not higher under the static format of the water-level and plumb-line tasks. However, as expected, men's achievement was independent from presentation format. Men surpassed women under both static and dynamic formats. Finally, performance was not correlated with movement imagery. Lack of a presentation effect on women's performance was attributed to the fact that a number of women presumed an element of motion when responding, even though stationary stimuli were shown.
Adolescent↗
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa--management of hand deformities.
Scarring in recessive epidermolysis bullosa results in disability through hand deformities. Surgical treatment is complicated by technical and anaesthesiological problems due to the fragility of the skin and mucosa. In its dystrophic form epidermolysis bullosa leads to pseudosyndactyly and finger and palm contracture resulting in a "closed hand". Surgical treatment consists of resecting the contractures and opening the inter-digit webs, the uncovered areas healing under a close tulle gras dressing. Our technique differs from techniques which have already been reported. The dressing is changed only once a week, reducing the number of anaesthetics and allowing the child to attend our Day Hospital. Healing is complete within five weeks. Prevention of recurrence avoids the necessity of further surgery before five years of age. Post-operative open-hand splinting is well tolerated, delaying further contracture. Surgery is undertaken sometimes under general anaesthesia but more often under regional anaesthesia. We report the results of our experience.
Child↗
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of E-4868, a new fluoroquinolone with a 7-azetidin ring substituent.
E-4868, (-)-7-[3-(R)-amino-2-(S)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-1-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with an azetidine moiety at the 7 position. The in vitro activity of E-4868 has been compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and fleroxacin, while the activity of ciprofloxacin was used as reference for in vivo studies. The MICs of E-4868 for 90% of the isolates tested (MIC90s) were 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml against gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus spp. In general, the in vitro potency of E-4868 against gram-positive bacteria was higher than those of all of the other fluoroquinolones tested. MIC90s against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae between 0.03 and 1 microgram/ml were observed, with the exception of those against Serratia marcescens and Providencia spp., and a MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained. E-4868 inhibited 90% of the Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp. at 2 micrograms/ml and was twofold more active than ciprofloxacin. An increase in the Mg2+ concentration from 1 to 10 mM increased the MIC between two and three times. Human urine caused a significant decrease in activity of E-4868, which was more pronounced at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.2. The presence of serum also decreased the activity of E-4868. Fifty percent effective dose (ED50) values against experimental Escherichia coli HM-42 infections in mice were 3.9 mg/kg of body weight with E-4868 and 3.5 mg/kg of body weight with ciprofloxacin. Corresponding ED50 values against P. aeruginosa HS-116 were 93.2 and 107.8 mg/kg, respectively, and those against Staphylococcus aureus HS-93 were 6.5 and 44.6 mg/kg, respectively. In experimental infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae 84551, the ED50 value of E-4868 was 154.4 mg/kg, while ciprofloxacin proved totally inactive at a dose of 400 mg/kg. When E-4868 was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg in mice, the area under the concentration-time curve (0 to 4 h) value was 28.4 microgram . h/ml, while an area under the concentration-time curve value of 2.3 microgram . h/ml was observed for ciprofloxacin at the same dose. In these studies, levels of the two agents in blood 1 h postadministration were 7.6 and 1.2 microgram/ml, respectively.
Animals↗
Sleep polygraphic studies using cystomanometry in twenty patients with enuresis.
Polygraphic exploration during sleep using cystomanometry was performed in 20 patients aged 7-17 years with primary (17) or secondary (3) enuresis. In this group of patients, 9 presented with isolated nocturnal enuresis while 11 patients had associated diurnal micturition troubles. During this study we documented 24 episodes of enuresis. There was no disturbance in sleep architecture or correlation between the uncontrolled micturition and any particular state or stage of sleep. Most episodes of enuresis occurred in a unique pattern in which a sudden or progressive intravesical increased pressure was associated with an awakening reaction. From a physiopathologic point of view, our findings are in favor of immaturity of the central system of inhibition of micturition reflex during sleep.
Adolescent↗
Quantitative topographic distribution of epithelial and mesenchymal components in benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Excised tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 15 men 60-89 years old was investigated by immunohistochemistry and specific histological staining. For each adenoma, 10 tissue sections (2-5 specimens per lobe according to its volume) were analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis (SAMBA 2002). There was evidence for a high ratio of stroma to glands: the mean proportions of glandular, muscular and fibrous areas were respectively 30.4, 14.9 and 54.7%. Each adenoma presented a homogeneous structure, but the proportions of the three tissue components differed significantly among adenomas (p < 0.001). These findings incite us to consider biopsy as a possible investigation of the morphology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and thus we could choose an adequate therapy according to histologic composition.
Aged↗
[Antibiotic therapy of perforated appendicitis in children: comparison between the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and the benzylpenicillin-netilmicin-metronidazole combinations].
In a multicentre trial we compared the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate used as a single-agent therapy with that of the three-agent combination usually prescribed in the post-operative period for appendicular peritonitis in children. Only bacteriologically documented peritoneal infections were included. Sixty-four patients were randomly distributed between two groups: Group A (29 cases) treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate, first administered iv (100 mg/kg/d), followed by conversion to the oral route (50 mg/kg/d) once the patient had been afebrile for 48 hours; Group B (35 cases) first treated by the iv route with benzylpenicillin (100,000 IU/kg/d) plus netilmicin (5 mg/kg/d) plus metronidazole (30 mg/kg/d), followed by conversion to the oral route for metronidazole (30 mg/kg/d). In both groups, the total duration of parenteral and oral treatment was not less than 5 days. One hundred and seventy nine bacterial strains were recovered from peritoneal fluid samples obtained during surgery; 86% of these were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Clinical efficacy, assessed on the basis of time until return to normal temperature and gut transit and duration of hospitalization, was identical in both groups, with follow-up monitoring on day 30 showing recovery in all cases. Cure was obtained without any problems of infection in 25/29 patients in group A and in 34/35 patients in group B (non significant difference). Tolerance was excellent and identical in the two groups with the exception of three cases of thrombophlebitis which occurred in group B. The results of this study suggest that amoxicillin/clavulanate may be useful as single-agent therapy as a first-line curative treatment for appendicular peritonitis in children.
Adolescent↗
[Diagnosis of ectopic ureteral openings in the seminal tract. Value of modern imaging].
We recently observed 3 cases of ectopic ureteric orifice in the seminal tract in patients between the ages of 16 and 42 years. The first case was discovered incidentally, but the other two presented with scrotal symptoms. Intravenous urography, ultrasonography and computed tomography contributed to the diagnosis, but magnetic resonance imaging was the most conclusive, avoiding the need for deferentography in one case. These 3 recent cases allow an evaluation of the respective value of these various imaging modalities.
Adolescent↗
[Ballistic (Lithoclast) and hydro-electric (Riwolith) endo-ureteral lithotripsy. Report of 60 cases].
25 hydroelectric endoureteric lithotripsies (Group 1, Riwolith) and 35 ballistic endoureteric lithotripsies (Group 2, Lithoclast) were analysed. 60 stones were treated, including 18 pelvic stones (Group 1 : 10, Group 2 : 8), 39 iliolumbar stones (Group 1 : 14, Group 2 : 25), and 3 stones of the ureteropelvic junction (Group 1 : 1, Group 2 : 2). The mean maximal diameter was 9.9 mm (Group 1 : 8.2, Group 2 : 11). Complementary Dormia extraction was performed in 24 cases (Group 1 : 8, Group 2 : 16), 55 double J stents were implanted (Group 1 : 24, Group 2 : 31) and 23 immediate ECL sessions were performed (Group 1 : 8, Group 2 : 15). Overall, 57 good results were recorded, but 3 complete failures of fragmentation and 2 severe ureteric lesions were attributed to hydroelectric lithotripsy. The Lithoclast, much less traumatic, had a greater stone fragmentation potential, but its efficacy on very mobile stones is limited due to its more intense stone propulsion effect.
Adult↗
Successful combined liver and small intestine transplantation for short-gut syndrome and liver failure.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Infectious endophthalmitis].
Bacterial endophtalmitis is a disastrous postoperative complication of any intraocular surgery which can lead to blindness. With prompt endocular taps for appropiate laboratory investigations, the use of large spectrum antibiotics with good intraocular penetration, the intraocular injections of antibiotics, most of the eyes can be salvaged. Although it is unlikely that postoperative microbial endophthalmitis can be avoided entirely, all efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of this complication. Under this point of view, in addition to the available sterile techniques during the surgery, the topical and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis requires that carefully controlled studies be performed on very large numbers of patients to attain statistical validity.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Familial pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia.
We describe three persons in one family with diffuse lung infiltrates, digital clubbing, and chronic hypoxia. Elevated immunoglobulin levels and antinuclear antibodies were found in all patients; pathologic findings included hyperplastic lymphoid follicles infiltrating the epithelium of the small airways. These cases may represent a familial systemic autoimmune disorder seen primarily with pulmonary compromise.
Adult↗
[Postoperative re-expansion causing unilateral pulmonary edema].
A case of re-expansion pulmonary oedema is reported. A 7-year-old girl, after having been operated on for a lung tumour, had a postoperative haemothorax combined with atelectasis of the left upper lobe. After she had recovered from the first dose of chemotherapy, the thoracotomy wound was reopened to remove the partially organised and lysed haemothorax, as well as the very thickened pleura. The patient developed clinical signs of pulmonary oedema very shortly after the end of the anaesthetic (tachypnoea, cyanosis, a decrease in oxygen saturation when FIO2 < 1, pink frothy secretions in the endotracheal tube). End-inspiratory crepitations became audible in the left lung field only. The chest film showed left-sided diffuse nodular alveolar opacities. The girl was again ventilated, with + 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure. She was extubated 36 h later, and discharged a few days later without any sequela. This case was the first to be described in a child after pleural surgery. The death rate, estimated from a literature survey, is about 20%.
Child↗