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Biomedical subjects

M Ringel

Publications and source records attributed to M Ringel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Extended educational sessions at three family medicine residency programs.

There are few descriptions of graduate medical education curricula in the literature, and the descriptions that have been written have focused more on content than on format. Traditionally, educational presentations in residency programs are offered in one-hour time slots, a format that may be too limited for interactive sessions or hands-on activities. Further, whether these one-hour sessions are offered in the morning, at noon, or in the afternoon, they all present hindrances to residents' attendance. The authors propose that reserving extended blocks of time for educational sessions for residents is one way for programs to ensure both that residents attend the sessions and that they are able to learn what they need to learn during their training to meet the special requirements of the appropriate residency review committee. The authors present the experiences of three family medicine residency programs in developing and implementing extended educational sessions. Each program has multiple training sites, including rural sites. The three programs release residents from their clinical responsibilities to enable them to participate in the half-day to day-long sessions, which cover behavioral issues, procedures training, and other topics. The success of these three programs suggests that extended educational sessions are a viable alternative to the traditional one-hour format.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Regional cerebral blood flow during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat: comparison of iodoantipyrine and iodoamphetamine as radioactive tracers.

The indicator fractionation method was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in immature rats, using either iodo-[14C]antipyrine (IAP) or isopropyl-[14C]iodoamphetamine (IPIA) as the radioisotope. Seven-day postnatal rats received a subcutaneous injection of either IAP (5 microCi) of IPIA (10 microCi), two minutes following which the animals were sacrificed and their brains prepared for quantitative autoradiography. Blood flows to cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus and hypothalamus were comparable using the two methods, whereas blood flows to white matter structures were substantially higher (+ 64-85%) with IAP. Spatial resolution, especially of the gray matter structures, was greater with IPIA than with IAP. During cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia with 8% oxygen), blood flows to all regions of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere were not different from control at 10 and 20 min. At 1-3 h of hypoxia-ischemia, blood flows were decreased in all analyzed structures of the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the carotid artery occlusion, ranging from 7% to 40% of control values. A columnar or patchy distribution of preferential perfusion was seen within the cerebral cortex, striatum and thalamus, with IPIA, which corresponds closely to the pathologic pattern of injury seen within these structures of the immature rat. Such a preferential perfusion was not seen in hippocampus, in which metabolic factors (intrinsic vulnerability) most likely predict the distribution of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1990

[Management and organization of ambulatory medical care in a district].

An analysis is given of the management and organization of out-patient medical care in 15 districts and of the District Physician's responsibilities as well as the profile of a District Health Department. Compared to the situation of a decade ago, substantial changes in the territorial health organization have occurred (decentralization, formation of care areas, affiliation of small health facilities to bigger ones). The District Physician's scope of responsibility is increasingly determined by activities within the framework of the District Council, the proportion of organizational work has increased. In order to be able to fulfill his tasks the District Physician needs the support of a special Health Department. Skeleton regulations for out-patient medical care are necessary.

Ambulatory Care↗