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Biomedical subjects

M Richter

Publications and source records attributed to M Richter.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Asymmetry in children with cerebral palsy and oral structure.

Twenty-six children with cerebral palsy were examined with respect to structural asymmetry of the mouth. In 19 children there were clear cut correlations between symmetry/asymmetry of voluntary function and the oral findings. Patients with symmetrical patterns of movements had symmetrical dentition, while in those with asymmetrical function the favoured side corresponded to the side with structural changes. Apparent exceptions to this rule in 7 children could be resolved in 6 by analysis of their complex case histories. Fifty normal controls showed oral asymmetries of nearly identical frequency and magnitude. In this respect there is no difference between the normal and handicapped group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Marked enhancement of antibody synthesis following immunization with antigen bound to host lymphocytes. A potential treatment of patients with allergy.

Immunization of rabbits with I ugm of the gammaglobulins in goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antiserum (GG-GARIG) immunologically bound to circulating rabbit lymphocytes results in a humoral immune response to normal goat gammaglobulin (NGGG) super to that induced following repeated immunization with 10 mg GG-GARIG or NGGG. This form of immunization can only be carried out with antigen bound to cells possessing receptors for the antigen. Such a situation exists with respect to the allergic individual who possesses circulating lymphocytes capable of interacting with the specific allergen. It is suggested that desensitization or immunotherapy of the allergic individual with the allergen immunologically bound to autologous lymphocytes will result in extensive formation of IgG blocking antibodies unaccompanied by an anaphylactic reaction in view of the very minute quantity of allergen administered.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Mechanism of action of the folate blocker diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone, DDS) studied in E. coli cell-free enzyme extracts in comparison to sulfonamides (SA).

The antibacterial activity of DDS has been studied in whole cell (E. coli), cell-free folate synthesizing enzyme extracts and compared to effects obtained for sulfonamides (SA). It is shown that DDS acts as a synthetase inhibitor in the folate synthesizing enzyme system. DDS reacts with the substrate 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterinopyrophosphate to form a 7,8-dihydropteroic acid analog. Bacterial growth kinetic studies were performed to test for possible synergistic activity of the analog in combination with DDS. Possible reasons for the extremely large inhibitory power of DDS against M. leprae are discussed.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1980

The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction. II. The effect of the concentration of anti-target cell antibodies on the identity of the human effector cells.

The circulating leucocytes of normal adults (lymphocytes, monocyte-lymphocyte mixtures and neutrophils) were investigated for their capacity to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The target cell was the rabbit antibody-sensitized chicken erythrocyte. Under conditions of optimal target cell sensitization by anti-target cell antibodies, ADCC cytotoxic activity was exhibited by the neutrophils and lyphocytes to the apparent exclusion of the monocytes. The lymphocytes exhibit activity more rapidly than do the neutrophils and they are more active on an equal cell basis. However, when the effector cells were investigated using target cells sensitized with the anti-target cell antiserum in a threshold concentration, the monocyte and not the lymphocyte or neutrophil displayed ADCC cytotoxic activity. It was concluded that the effector cells in the circulation are heterogeneous and include subclasses of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils and that the identity of the cytotoxic effector cells appears to vary with the concentration of anti-target cell antibodies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

[Permeation of formaldehyde (methanal) through supravital and preserved tissue].

Allogenic and xenogenic tissues can be preserved with acetate buffered formaldehyde solution 1,332 mol/l and pH 5,60. The permeation of methanol molecules through the tissue was analysed with a double chamber research arrangement with a rotating set-up. The coefficient of diffusion of the formaldehyde (methanal) through the wall of the aorta descendens of pigs was calculated by means of the first Fick principle from the obtained measured particulars.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

The detection and identification of subpopulations of circulating human lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils capable of effecting a mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction towards erythrocytes of various species.

The mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxic (MICC) reaction was evaluated in terms of its capacity to identify cytotoxic cells among normal human blood leucocytes. Three conventional mitogens were used (phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed and concanavalin A) and nine different erythrocyte target cells (chicken, horse, human, ox, rabbit, sheep, mouse, rat and guinea-pig). The effector cells investigated were mononuclear cells, monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Phytohaemagglutinin consistently mediated the lysis of only chicken erythrocytes whereas pokeweed consistently mediated the lysis of rabbit erythrocytes and, to a much lesser degree, chicken and rat erythrocytes. Con A consistently mediated the lysis of chicken, horse, rabbit, guinea-pig and sheep erythrocytes. Irrespective of the target cell used, PHA and Con A facilitated target cell lysis by monocytes and polymorphs and not by lymphocytes which displayed no cytotoxic activity in the presence of these two mitogens. On the other hand, pokeweed-mediated cytolysis of rabbit erythrocyte target cells was induced by lymphocytes in addition to monocytes and polymorphs. Only monocytes were able to lyse chicken erythrocytes in the presence of pokeweed; polymorphs and lymphocytes were inactive. Agglutination or aggregation of the target cells by the mitogen is not a mandatory concomitant of the MICC reaction. Some RBC may be agglutinated by the mitogen without being lysed by effector cells in the presence of the mitogen. The mechanism of mitogen-mediated cytolysis of target cells remains to be elucidated. These results suggest that the MICC assay can be utilized as a probe to permit the selective detection of functionally distinct subpopulations of cytotoxic monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphs. Whether these cytotoxic cells are identical to, overlap or are distinct from those cells which mediate the NOCC and ADCC cytotoxic reactions remains to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Pharmacology of oral anticoagulants].

The present view on the mechanism of vitamin K-dependent synthesis of the clotting factors II, VII, IX and X in the liver and its inhibition by 4-hydroxycoumarine and 1,3-indandione-type anticoagulants is given. The discovery of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in intact clotting factors and the role of this amino acid as the calcium-binding principle is pointed out. After general considerations on the pharmacokinetics of coumarine-type anticoagulants detailed information on the pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon, almost exclusively used in the GDR, is presented. The importance of pharmacokinetic aspects for control of oral anticoagulation is emphasized. As a possible tool for evaluation of individual pharmacokinetic parameters during already ongoing medication the additional administration of a single dose of radioactively labelled anticoagulant is proposed. Toxic effects in case of overdosage, untoward reactions and interference with oral anticoagulants by comedication are described.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the rabbit. XII. The establishment of the optimum conditions for the demonstration of a consistent response for the circulating white blood cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction.

Rabbit circulating leukocytes (WBC) have been shown to respond consistently in the allogeneic one-way mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). Culture of the cells for 5--6 days in 5% CO2 in air in medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with normal decomplemented rabbit serum to a concentration of 2.5% provided conditions for an optimal MLR response. The WBC of the majority of the normal rabbits tested (82%) responded in the MLR, in contrast to the negative findings of other investigators. The WBC of a minority of the normal rabbits (18%) did not respond in the conventional MLR; however, the spleen cells of these rabbits consistently responded in the MLR, demonstrating that these rabbits possessed MLR responsive cells which may not have been present in the circulation at the time of analysis. Furthermore, the WBC of the 'non-responder' rabbits responded well in the MLR when the allogeneic WBC stimulator cells were replaced by allogenic spleen cells, suggesting that the WBC responder cells require a helper cell provided by the splenic stimulator cells to facilitate the blastogenic response. Whether the MLR responsive cell in the rabbit is a T cell or a 'T-like' cell with B cell properties has still not been resolved.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the normal outbred rabbit. X. The organ sources of the stimulator and responder cells in the mixed leukocyte culture reaction.

This investigation is concerned with the elucidation of the organ distribution of stimulator and responder cells in the one-way MLR (mixed leukocyte reaction). The organs investigated were the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, sacculus rotundus, Peyer's patches and the circulation. Mitomycin-C treated bone marrow cells and WBC were used as stimulator cells to investigate, in a systematic fashion, the blastogenic responses of the responder cells of the allogeneic lymphoid organs. Responses occurred optimally on day 5 of culture and were dependent upon responder cell concentration. Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph node cells responded to a greater extent than the cell of any of the other lymphoid organs. Rabbit WBC responded consistently in the one-way MLR, in contrast to the findings of other investigators. Cells of the thymus and bone marrow cultured individually or in combination did not respond. The cells of the different lymphoid organs were investigated as to their stimulator cell activity. Responder WBC or spleen cells were cultured with the mitomycin-C treated stimulator cells. On a per cell basis, the cells of the Peyer's patches, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were the most potent stimulator cells. There was no correlation between stimulating capacity and the percentage of stimulator cells bearing surface immunoglobulins. Thus, the stimulating capacity of these cells in the one-way MLR is not a reflection of, or dependent upon, surface immunoglobulins. A consistent finding was an MLR-like response of spleen cells and WBC cultured with autologous mitomycin-C treated Peyer's patches, sacculus rotundus or appendix cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the normal outbred rabbit. XI. The accelerated response in the one-way MLR of rabbit WBC from skin allograft recipients.

The relationship between allograft rejection and the response in the one-way mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) of the WBC of allograft recipients was investigated. The responses of the WBC were assessed prior to skin allografting and subsequent to rejection of the allograft. The optimal MLR response of the WBC from the allografted rabbit stimulated with cells from the allograft donor occurred on days 3 to 4 of culture and by day 6 the MLR response was down to control levels. This accelerated response by the allograft-sensitized cells was specific to stimulator cells from the allograft donor as stimulator cells from a third party rabbit induced a normal MLR response by these cells, that is, an optimal response on days 5 to 7 of culture. No evidence of cytotoxic cells was obtained in cultures of cells from allograft-sensitized rabbits. The implications of these results are discussed.

Animals↗