Biomedical subjects

M Revilla

Publications and source records attributed to M Revilla.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Body composition in children and Tanner's stages: a study with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM), body fat content (BF), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in 154 children using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Total body calcium level (TBCa) was calculated from TBBM. Children were divided into groups according to Tanner's stages 1, 2, 4, and 5. Children in stage 3 were not included in the study in order to better differentiate between prepubertal and postpubertal individuals. We did not find differences in TBBM, TBCa, BF, and FFM between Tanner's stages 1 and 2 or between sexes. TBBM and TBCa in stages 4 and 5 were lower in girls than in boys (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively); no differences were observed between girls of both groups, although boys showed significant differences (P < .05). FFM for both sexes was lower in stages 1 and 2 than in stages 4 and 5. Girls showed lower FFM (P < .001) than boys in stages 4 and 5; FFM was higher in boys in stage 5 than in those in stage 4 (P < .005), and the same was true for girls (P < .002). Boys in stage 4 had less BF than girls (P < .005), and the same was true for stage 5 (P < .001). Girls in stages 4 and 5 had greater BF than those in stages 1 and 2 (P < .001). These differences suggest that as boys go through puberty, both TBBM and FFM continue to increase, while in girls only BF and FFM increase. These data indicate clear sex differences in somatic postpubertal development.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1993

Four-compartment model of body composition of normal elderly women.

A group of 186 apparently normal women was divided into three age groups (average ages 65.3 +/- 4.4, 74.7 +/- 5.5, and 80.9 +/- 4.2 years, respectively) and their body composition was studied using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The fat, fat-free, and mineral components were quantitated, and the fat-free compartment was calculated to define a four-compartment model of body composition (fat, fat-free, mineral, and water). Fat decreases with age, as shown by the comparison of the group whose average age was 75 years with the 65-year-old group (p < 0.01) and 80-year-old group (p < 0.005). Soft-tissue mass was greater in the 80-year-old group (p < 0.025) than in the 75-year-old group. Water was lower in the two older groups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.005, respectively), and the mineral component showed no differences. The decreased fat, increased soft tissues, and absence of changes in the mineral component may be related to an improvement in habits and lifestyle in recent years.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1993

Body composition in postpubertal boy cyclists.

Twenty-two young male cyclists aged 15 to 19 years (mean 16.2 +/- 0.4 years) were studied in order to assess the effect of physical training on the body composition of adolescents. The subjects had been training on the road 10 hours per week for over 2 years, and were compared to 22 sedentary normal subjects of similar age range (mean 16.9 +/- 0.3 years). Food and calcium intake was similar in both groups. The total body bone mineral content and total body bone mineral density were lower in the group of cyclist adolescents (p < 0.05 respectively). There were no differences in height, weight, corporal index, percent body fat, fat-free mass and soft tissue mass between groups. Our results suggest that cycling in male adolescents may be associated with a lower bone mass gain. In our opinion, the recommendable nature, quantity and quality of exercise at these ages must be better defined, through additional experimentally-designed studies, in order to prevent negative effects over bone mass gain.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of total and regional bone mineral content and biochemical markers of bone resorption in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria on thiazide treatment.

The effect of thiazides on total body bone mineral content and axial (trunk) and peripheral (arms) bone mass was evaluated. First, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to study bone mass in 24 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in 22 healthy subjects. Next, the patients were randomized into a group of 14 patients treated with chlorthalidone (50 mg/day) and a group of 10 untreated patients who served as controls; in these two groups biochemical and bone mass studies were repeated 1 year later. Compared with healthy controls, patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria had less bone mass in total body (p < 0.02), arms (p < 0.001), and trunk (p < 0.05). After 1 year, the group of patients treated with thiazides manifested an increase of bone mass in total body (p < 0.0045), arms, and trunk (p < 0.0001) and a decrease in 24-hour calciuria, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, and serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase concentration; the untreated group of patients lost bone mass in all three sites. Under baseline conditions, the groups of treated and untreated patients exhibited a negative linear regression between total body bone mass and both urinary calcium/creatinine (r2 = 0.234; p < 0.001) and serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase concentration (r2 = 0.399; p < 0.0001). Our results confirm the favorable effect of thiazides on bone mass and provide evidence of enhanced bone remodeling in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1993

Total and regional bone mass values and biochemical markers of bone remodeling in endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: TO measure peripheral, axial, and total bone mass and to assess markers of bone remodeling in women with endometriosis, with the aim of addressing previous reports of diminished peripheral bone mass in these patients. METHODS: Whole body bone densitometry, estradiol (E2) levels, and biochemical bone markers (calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and total proteins) were determined in 28 patients with endometriosis and compared with findings in 33 controls. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups in bone mass at different sites or in biochemical bone markers. We observed a significant negative correlation between tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and E2 levels (P < .001) and with total (P < .001), head (P < .01), and axial (trunk) (P < .001) bone mass. Total alkaline phosphatase did not correlate with any of the indices studied. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mass was not lower in any of the areas studied in women with endometriosis. There was a significant negative correlation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase with E2 and with total, head, and trunk bone mass.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

[The 4-component model of body composition].

BACKGROUND: Given the importance of knowing the corporal composition according to the model of the four components (fat, mineral, fat free and aqueous) the same was calculated in 220 women and 130 men, considered as normal, between the ages of 15 and 49. METHODS: The corporal components were determined with double energy x-ray densitometry with the component corresponding to water being obtained from the fat free component, thereby evaluating the four principal parts of corporal composition. RESULTS: In the men all of the values except those of fat were greater than in the women (p less than 0.001), with the fat in the latter being (p less than 0.001). The values of mineral content demonstrated sexual differences in reaching of the peak of osseous mass and were maintained stable in women up to the age of 49. CONCLUSIONS: With regards to the mineral component, there is a sexual difference in achieving the maximum value. While the fat values in men are super-impossible to those referred in the literature for ther media and with other techniques they are not so in women, in whom superior values are observed leading to reanalysis of how the physical constitution, habits and way of life of women in this country may have repercussions in this sense.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

Crush fracture syndrome in senile osteoporosis: a nutritional consequence?

Osteoporosis is a very important age-related health problem. The body's composition changes with age, and these changes are a true reflection of aging and of the individuals's nutritional status. Mineral content changes have been reported in vertebral osteoporosis. Interestingly, enough, there have not been reports on concomitant water, fat, and fat-free mass changes associated with this condition. In this report, changes in the latter parameters are compared between patients with osteoporosis and controls. The four components (water, mineral, fat, and fat-free mass) were found significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in osteoporosis. Serum albumin and protein mass were also reduced (p less than 0.001).

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Sex differences in the acquisition of total bone mineral mass peak assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry evaluation of total body bone mineral content (TBBM), total bone mineral density (TBMD), and regional bone mineral content (BMC) (head, trunk, arms, and legs) was carried out in order to assess sex differences of bone in 120 women and 121 men aged 15-29 years. Subjects from both sexes were divided into 5-year groups (15 through 19, 20 through 24, and 25 through 29 years old, respectively). Significantly higher values for TBBM, TBMD, and regional BMC were observed in males compared with females in the 20 to 24 and 25 to 29-year-old groups (P less than 0.001), but not in the group aged 15-19. After adjusting TBBM for lean body mass (LBM), we observed significantly lower values of TBBM/LBM in the males compared with females in all the age groups. A positive and significant correlation was observed between TBBM and age in the males of all the groups (r = 0.624, P less than 0.001), but not in the females. These data suggest that total bone mass peak acquisition takes place earlier in women than in men, leading to more reduced bone mass value, which in turn may be an osteoporosis predisposing factor.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

Is pelvic bone mineral content assessed through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry an appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation in women?

Bibliographic references seem very controversial regarding the most appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation. Since some overlapping in the different bone mass measurements among normal and osteoporotic females has been observed, we have studied the bone mineral content of the pelvic bone through DEXA, and have correlated it with the total body bone mineral content, a highly discriminating measure, in order to observe whether pelvic bone mineral may be a useful measure in bone mass assessment. Pelvic and total body bone mineral values did not decrease until menopause in 104 normal premenopausal females aged 20 to 49 years. On the other hand, these values decreased in normal postmenopausal women (n = 44) aged 50 to 65 years (p < 0.001), with a 16% pelvic bone mineral content and an 11% total body bone mineral content decrease. Osteoporotic females (n = 30), showed lower values for both levels than normal postmenopausal ones (p < 0.001), with a 54% pelvic and a 24% total decrease. A 15% overlap was observed when pelvic values between normal postmenopausal and osteoporotic females were compared. The greater percentage decrease in pelvic BMC compared to total body bone mineral content and the lower overlap observed suggest that the pelvis may be an ideal anatomical area for bone mass evaluations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

Salmon calcitonin reduces vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal crush fracture syndrome.

The effectiveness of calcitonin on the vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed through the skeletal deformity index (SDI) and the new vertebral fracture rate per 100 patient-years in a group of 32 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated by us with 100 IU of salmon calcitonin and 500 mg of elemental calcium for 10 consecutive days each month, and in another group of 28 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with 500 mg of elemental calcium only for 10 consecutive days each month. Both groups were age-matched. The follow-up was a retrospective randomized study over 24 months. Thirty of the 32 women of the calcitonin group and 27 of 28 women of the calcium group finished treatment. The SDI was stabilized after six months in the calcitonin group (0.57 +/- 0.13, 0.62 +/- 0.18, 0.63 +/- 0.16 and 0.64 +/- 0.17, at base line, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively). The calcium group showed a significant increase only at 12 months (P less than 0.01) and 24 months (P less than 0.05) (0.61 +/- 0.16, 0.63 +/- 0.16, 0.69 +/- 0.16, and 0.73 +/- 0.15, at base line, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively). At 24 months, the new vertebral fracture rate decreased by 60% (20%, 14% and 8% at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively) in the calcitonin group and increased by 35% (31%, 33% and 42%, at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively) in the calcium group (P less than 0.025). These results show that calcitonin induced a significant reduction in postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Total and regional bone mineral content in relation to menopause.

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM) and anatomical region bone mineral content (head, trunk and extremities) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 188 women aged 60 +/- 6 years, of whom 154 were normal and 34 were osteoporotic. Of the 154 normal subjects, 90 were premenopausal (40 aged 44 +/- 3 years and 50 aged 34 +/- 8 years), the remaining 64 being postmenopausal and aged 58 +/- 7 years. There were no TBBM or regional changes in the premenopausal women, whereas there was a significant reduction in bone mineral content in the postmenopausal as compared with the premenopausal women in all regions. The osteoporotic subjects showed a general decrease (P < 0.001) in all measurements which was more marked in the trunk. The rate of TBBM reduction was 16% in the normal postmenopausal women and 29% in the osteoporotic subjects. All the postmenopausal women (both normal and osteoporotic) showed lower TBBM values than those in the Wisconsin trial, similar results being obtained in the case of the premenopausal group. Such differences can only be explained by hardship experienced by these now postmenopausal women during their childhood and adolescence.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1991

Total and regional bone mineral content in normal premenopausal women.

In the present, cross-section study, a total of 185 normal premenopausal females--aged 15 through 19 years (n = 40), 20 to 29 years (n = 60), 30 through 39 years (n = 40) and 40 to 49 years (n = 45)--were assessed in order to observe and evaluate the total body bone mineral content and the regional body mineral content of different anatomical regions (head, trunk, arms and legs), when the bone mass peak is established in women and its course during premenopause. All subjects underwent bone densitometry with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry with a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer. No differences between groups were found in total body bone mineral and regional bone mineral content values. Total body bone mineral values (mean +/- SD) were 2546 +/- 461 g and 2691 +/- 499 g in the 15-19 year-old group and 40-49 year-old group respectively. The regional bone mineral content values for the same age group were 495 +/- 75 g and 499 +/- 89 g for the head, 1007 +/- 254 g and 1043 +/- 212 g for the trunk, 327 +/- 74 g and 336 +/- 81 for the arms, and 860 +/- 167 g and 811 +/- 146 g for the legs. The results of this study indicate that the peak bone mass is reached at the age of 20 years and that it remains stable in the premenopausal eugonadal females.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1991

The value of bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of vertebral osteoporosis.

In an open study, we have assessed the bone/soft tissue uptake index in recent osteoporotic vertebral collapse using scintigraphy. The evolution of these cases was followed-up at 6 months in 22 patients treated with 100 IU of salmon calcitonin plus 500 mg of elemental calcium/10 days per month and in 18 patients treated with 500 mg of elemental calcium only on a daily basis. There were no index differences between groups prior to treatment. At six months, the group treated with calcitonin plus calcium showed a significant decrease from 10.2 +/- 6.4 to 3.2 +/- 1.1 (p less than 0.001), while the calcium only group did not show any significant changes (12.1 +/- 6.6 vs 9.2 +/- 4.6), considering that there were significant differences between groups (p less than 0.001). On a mid-term basis, these results have shown the values of the bone/soft tissue index in the follow-up of osteoporotic vertebral collapse.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Total body bone mineral and pelvis bone mineral content as parameters of bone mass in men. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study.

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM) is a highly discriminating determinant of bone mass. We correlated TBBM with pelvis bone mineral content (PBMC) and pelvis bone mineral density (PBMD) in 179 normal men, in order to observe whether the pelvis is an adequate region of bone mass evaluation. There was a good correlation between PBMC and TBBM (r = 927, p less than 0.001), and significant correlations between PBMD and TBBM (r = 818, p less than 0.001) and between PBMC and PBMD (r = 0.902, p less than 0.001). As the pelvis does not undergo the densitometric changes so often observed in the spine, we believe that the pelvis is appropriate as anatomic region for bone mass evaluation studies.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1991

Age- and weight-related changes in total body bone mineral in men.

Since the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in men increase with age, bone mass, as total body bone mineral content (TBBM) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and other variables were determined in men in order to observe whether changes in these parameters justify the increased incidence of bone fractures in men with age. Measurements were conducted in 190 men aged 20-85 years. By correlation tests, no changes were observed in body weight and age. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.67981, r2 = 0.46214, p less than 0.001) between TBBM and body weight, and an inverse significant correlation between TBBM with age (r = 0.34729, r2 = 0.12061, p less than 0.001); this decrease is linear with age and represents a 0.3% annual bone loss. These results suggest that lower weight and/or worse psychomotor response and its effects minimizing trauma, may be responsible for the high fracture rate observed in older males.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Total body bone mineral and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in type I and III osteogenesis imperfecta.

Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and total body bone mineral content (TBBM) were determined in a group of 16 children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) aged 5-14 years, 9 of whom suffered from type I and 7 from type III OI. TRAP and TBBM were also determined in a group of 26 normal children of a similar age range. TRAP levels were reduced in the type I and III OI groups (p less than 0.001). TBBM levels were lower in type I OI than in type III (p less than 0.005), and both OI groups showed reduced levels compared to the controls (p less than 0.001). The control group subjects showed a significant correlation between TRAP and TBBM (r = -0.62; p less than 0.001) which was not observed in the OI groups. Since TRAP is a biological marker of bone turnover, the results suggest that bone turnover is reduced in OI.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1991

[Bone mass peak, evaluation using bone densitometry of the whole body in a normal female population in our environment].

Considerable debate exists about when the maximal bone mass, or "bone mass peak" is physiological acquired. In the present study, 140 normal females aged 15 through 19 years (n = 18), 20 through 29 years (n = 58) and 30 through 39 years (n = 64), were assessed in order to determine their total body bone mineral (TBBM) content, as bone mass parameter, by bone densitometry with dual energy X rays. We did not observe significant differences in TBBM values between the different groups. A positive and significant correlation existed between age and TBBM (r = 0.486, p less than 0.05) in female aged 15 to 19 years but not in the rest of the groups. These data suggest that female acquired their maximal bone mass, or bone mass peak, up to the age of 20 years and that it remains stable until, at lest, the age of 39 years. We point up the importance of achieving an adequate skeletal development in females during their first 20 years of life that could perhaps protect them from suffering subsequently from osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1990

[Biological profile of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of bone resorption].

Tartrate-resistant serum acid phosphatase was measured in 123 subjects, 80 of which were normal and the rest pathologic, in order to define the profile and value of this parameter as a biological marker of osteoclastic activity. Normal subjects were divided into age groups based on the period where skeletal growth ends (under 20 years), at the age of menopause in women (50 years, between 20 and 50 years) and those over 50 years. There was an increase in tartrate-resistant serum acid phosphatase coinciding with puberty and no sex differences were observed after the 50 year mark, when women showed higher values than men (p less than 0.001). Such tartrate-resistant serum acid phosphatase increase, is reflected as higher values in the 50 year group than in the 20 to 50 year group (p less than 0.001), the only age limit where a negative significant correlation between tartrate-resistant serum acid phosphatase values and age could be observed (p less than 0.05). Values were higher up to the age of 20 years (p less than 0.001) than in any other older age group. Levels increased significantly (p less than 0.001 for both groups) in post-menopausal osteoporosis (n = 20) and in Paget's disease of bone (n = 15), and decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in imperfect osteogenesis (n = 8), thus revealing its value as a biological marker of osteoclastic activity.

Acid Phosphatase↗