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Biomedical subjects

M Renoux

Publications and source records attributed to M Renoux.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Histamine release and local responses of rat and human skin to substance P and other mammalian tachykinins.

Substance P and two recently identified neurokinins, substance K and neuromedin K as well as the nonmammalian tachykinin kassinin were compared for histamine-releasing abilities from rat mast cells, plasma extravasation effects on rat skin, and wheal and flare responses on human skin. Among the four tachykinins, a significantly dose-dependent histamine release from rat mast cells and a flare response in human skin was observed only with substance P, indicating the possible implication of histamine in this response. On the other hand, the four peptides were similarly active on the wheal response (plasma extravasation produced by increased permeability of capillaries and venules) in human skin and on the plasma extravasation in the rat skin, suggesting a dissociation of effects and possibly of receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with bronchiectasis. A 15-month clinical and immunological follow-up.

We report a case of disseminated aspergillosis involving both lung and brain in an adult female patient affected with bronchiectasis. Immunological follow-up was conducted before the clinical diagnosis and during the illness and revealed an excessively high helper-inducer/cytotoxic-suppressor (T4/T8) ratio. Peripheral granulocyte function was normal. A progressive reduction of lung and brain localizations was obtained with antifungal therapy and Imuthiol, an immunopotentiator which regulates the ratio of T-cell subsets. T4/T8 ratio returned to average values. The patient is alive 12 months after the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical characterization of imuthiol.

Imuthiol is a nontoxic agent recruting and regulating T cells. Phase III studies in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis showed that immune functions were restored to normal, or near normal values. Cure was obtained in rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and chronic infections in the elderly. Imuthiol is an effective agent for the treatment of syndromes and disease states where the underlying defect is a T-cell deficiency or dysfunction.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Peptides and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.

Various vasoactive peptides were compared for their histamine releasing effects on rat mast cells. Neurotensin, substance P (SP), and kallidin were the most active natural peptides, followed by bradykinin; neurokinin A and B, bombesin, angiotensin and tuftsin were practically inactive. Several kinins and tachykinin-related peptides were tested in an attempt to characterize the receptors mediating histamine liberation. The order of potency of the kinins was the following: kallidin greater than [Tyr(Me)8]bradykinin = bradykinin greater than [desArg10]kallidin greater than desArg9-bradykinin, the same as that found in smooth muscle possessing receptors of the B2 type. Tachykinin-related peptides were potent stimulants and followed the order: [D-Tryp7,9,10]SP-(1-11) greater than [D-Pro2,D-Tryp7,9,10]SP-(1-11) greater than SP-(1-11) greater than SP-(1-9) greater than [D-Pro4,D-Tryp7,9,Leu11]SP-(4-11) greater than SP-(1-7) greater than SP-(4-11) greater than neurokinin A = neurokinin B, indicating that: (a) undecapeptide antagonists of SP behave as superagonists; (b) both N- and C-terminal portions of SP-(1-11) are essential for activity; and (c) receptors for the tachykinins mediating histamine release appear to be of the SP-P type.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cardiac and vascular effects of elliptinium in guinea pigs. Involvement of a histaminergic mechanism.

This work reports a study of the effects of elliptinium on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and capillary permeability in guinea-pigs. The variations in capillary permeability are determined by spectrophotometric assay of skin Evans blue. Elliptinium induces dose-independent tachycardia and dose-related hypotension. For the highest dose (6 mg/kg), elliptinium induces lethal collapse . Elliptinium increases capillary permeability and this effect, particularly marked at 1 mg, i.d., is partially antagonized by mepyramine-cimetidine association. These results are discussed in comparison with those obtained with elliptinium on other parameters, with histamine and with different antitumoral agents. The increase in capillary permeability raises the question of its relevance to the anticancer activity of elliptinium.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1985

Favorable influences of imuthiol on mouse reproduction and immune system of offspring.

A physiological immature immune system in newborns is a common feature frequently associated with increased susceptibility to infections. The properties of imuthiol (purified sodium diethyldithiocarbamate), an agent specifically active on the T-cell lineage, and virtually devoid of toxicity for man or animals, encouraged us to determine whether imuthiol administered to the dams could increase the immune capability of offspring without altering fecundability and birth rate. Experiments performed either in histocompatible or histoincompatible mating systems, show that chronic administration of imuthiol prior to mating and/or during pregnancy stimulated newborn mice to increased T-cell-dependent responses, without altering birth rates and growth curves in progenies. The data suggest that imuthiol has no teratogenicity or deleterious influences on mouse gametes, and might be useful to prevent immunodepression-associated infections in newborns.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate influences the early immunological changes evoked by an acute non-antigenic inflammation process.

Calcium pyrophosphate (CaPp) produces an acute local inflammatory process when administered intra-pleurally. It is the simplest model of an inflammation uncomplicated by pharmacological properties of the agent or the presence of an antigen. Spleen or lymph-node T- or B-cell numbers and activities, including NK activity, are modified within 2 h under these conditions. A treatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (lmuthiol), already known as a T-cell augmenting agent, restores towards normal values both the inflammatory reaction and the modified immune parameters induced in mice by CaPp pleurisy. The use of lmuthiol as a non-toxic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent is therefore suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bronchopulmonary effects of elliptinium in anesthetized dogs.

The bronchoconstrictor effect of elliptinium already demonstrated in the guinea-pig is shown in the dog. It is less intense and its onset is prompter. Successive administration of identical doses of elliptinium attenuates the bronchospasm induced, suggesting tachyphylaxis. The previously described indirect bronchoconstrictor effect involving endogenous mediators seems also to be active in these circumstances.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1984

Influence of naloxone on antidepressant drug effects in the forced swimming test in mice.

The influence of naloxone on the effects of several antidepressant drugs, atropine and caffeine was studied in the forced swimming test in mice. Naloxone itself has no effect in this test, but significantly reduces that of two tricyclic antidepressants, clomipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg) and desipramine (20 and 30 mg/kg). Except for clorgyline at the high dose of 60 mg/kg, no significant reduction of activity by naloxone was observed with other antidepressants (pargyline, nomifensine and mianserin), nor with caffeine and atropine. These results are discussed in terms of the pharmacological characteristics of each drug and of the test used. No straightforward interaction between cholinergic or monoaminergic and endorphinic systems is evident. Possible action at opiate receptor sites is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Involvement of brain neocortex and liver in the regulation of T cells: the mode of action of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (imuthiol).

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate ( imuthiol ), a non-antigenic and non-carcinogenic compound, devoid of toxic effects at immunostimulant doses, shows distinctive properties in recruitment and activation of T cells. Studies on its mode of action disclosed unsuspected links between the immune system, the endocrine liver and the central nervous system. Evidence was obtained indicating that the brain neocortex modulates T-cell mediated events, most likely via control of specific hormonal synthesis by the liver. The influence of imuthiol is determined at the level of the brain neocortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Alveolar macrophage dysfunction in malignant lung tumours.

Alveolar macrophage chemotaxis was measured in 129 individuals--13 normal volunteers, 15 tumour free patients with recent bronchopulmonary infections, 10 patients with chronic bronchitis, 29 patients with endothoracic sarcoidosis, 48 patients with primary bronchial carcinoma and 14 patients with pulmonary metastases from various origins. Chemotaxis was tested in the presence of either zymosan activated autologous serum, N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (F-Met-Leu-Phe), or zymosan activated human AB serum. Alveolar macrophage chemotaxis was significantly less in patients with bronchial carcinoma than in healthy volunteers (p less than 0.01). Chemotaxis was significantly more depressed in samples obtained from the neighbourhood of the tumour than in samples from the opposite lung. Defective chemotaxis was also found in patients with sarcoidosis. In contrast, the presence of lung metastases did not affect chemotaxis. A recent bronchopulmonary infection was associated with significantly increased (p less than 0.02) chemotaxis in tumour free patients but not in patients with a primary lung tumour. The findings suggest that an intrinsic functional defect of alveolar macrophages might favour the development of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Kinetics of the histological changes in lymphoid organs and of the T-cell inducing capacity of serum in mice treated with Imuthiol (sodium diethyldithiocarbamate).

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate ( Imuthiol ) triggers in mice an increased production of T-cell recruiting factors and an early and prolonged hyperplasia in the T-cell dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid organs, partially independent from thymus modification. The data confirm previous findings on the role of an extrathymic factor and are consonant with the notion of a feedback regulation to control T-cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia according to FAB classification: analysis of 35 cases.

Thirty-five patients who fulfilled the FAB diagnosis criteria of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), i.e., myelodysplastic features, monocytosis over 10(9)/liter, bone marrow monocyte infiltration, blast cells less than 5% in the peripheral blood and less than 30% in the bone marrow, are analyzed. CMML appears as an entity distinct from myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. Splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with monocytes and granulocytic cells in all stages of development, increased blood and urine lysozyme levels without renal failure, and polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia are its main clinical and biologic features. With conventional cytotoxic drugs (6-mercaptopurine, hydroxyurea), the prognosis of CMML appears poor (median survival 475 days). None of the clinical hematologic or biologic parameters tested had a significant effect on prognosis. As other chemotherapy trials seemed necessary, we recently administered small doses of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) to six patients over several consecutive days and obtained a complete remission in four. These preliminary results must be confirmed by larger series using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the FAB cooperative group.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Primary lymphomas of the digestive tract. Therapeutic results of a series of 35 cases].

We report the results of a diagnosis and treatment scheme used in 35 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma studied between 1972 and 1982. There were 17 lymphomas of the stomach, 13 of the small bowel, 6 of the colon and/or the rectum. According to the Kiel classification and/or the International Working Formulation, 10 were "good risk" lymphomas, 25 were "bad risk" lymphomas. According to the Musshoff modified Ann Arbor staging classification, 16 were localized lymphomas (stage IE and II1E), 19 were disseminated lymphomas (stages II2E, IIIE or IV). The treatment scheme included laparotomy for staging and resection, total abdominal irradiation (until 1977), and polychemotherapy with or without adriamycin depending on histologic grade. The median survival was greater than the median follow-up with a survival plateau at 0.53 after 47 months. Amongst the prognostic factors studied, the digestive initial localization had no prognostic significance; on the other hand, survival depended on abdominal extension, histologic grade according to the classifications used for lymph-nodes lymphomas, and resection possibilities, and especially on achievement of complete remission. These good results emphasize the importance of combining surgical resection with chemotherapy and early assessment of the treatment in order to rapidly obtain complete remission, the way of achieving prolonged survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Two cases of acute leukemia following treatment of malignant glioma.

Two female patients, 42 and 30 years old, respectively, died of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 43 and 38 months, respectively, after a subsequent treatment: chemotherapy for one and irradiation and chemotherapy for the other, following excision of a malignant glioma. At the time of death, both seemed to be in complete remission of their brain tumor. Both had been treated with procarbazine and nitrosoureas. The latter were responsible for severe myelosuppressive episodes and seem to have played an essential role in the induction of the leukemia. In one case, a myelodysplasia was observed before the onset of the AL and the diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts seemed warranted. Secondary acute leukemias are rare in the evolution of malignant gliomas and the usefulness of subsequent radiochemotherapy cannot be questioned at the present time. The risks involved in this therapy are minor when compared to the short-term fatal prognosis of this type of tumor.

Acute Disease↗