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Biomedical subjects

M Reiser

Publications and source records attributed to M Reiser.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Cartilage injuries of the femoro-patellar joint in the computerized tomogram].

The conventional arthrographic methods for demonstration of the femoro-patellar joint are not sufficiently reliable. Through the use of CT-arthrography a cross-sectional image free of superimposition and possessing a high density resolution is available thus facilitating a direct demonstration of the joint cartilage. Traumatic and degenerative lesions of the cartilage can be clearly shown by CT-arthrography. Damage of cartilage in patients with chondromalacia patellae can be differentiated in its different stages. The shape of the patella and its relation to femoral condyles can be evaluated more accurate than by conventional axial x-rays.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Meniscus ganglia. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis].

3% of isolated meniscectomies were performed on patients with cysts of the meniscus. The etiology is not yet fully elucidated. The problems in clinical and radiological diagnosis are discussed using the examples of two operatively verified cases. In computerized tomography the density values of these lesions range from 20 to 35 Hounsfield units thus allowing specific diagnosis. Localization and extent of the cyst can be shown exactly by computerized tomography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Extramedullary haematopoiesis as a cause of a paravertebral mass in the thorax (author's transl)].

The radiological due to extensive extramedullary haematopoiesis taking place in the posterior mediastinum in two patients are described, and the literature is reviewed. Characteristic features are a polycyclic or spindle-shaped configuration of the mass, with bilateral paravertebral localisation in the caudal and middle third of the thorax. There is absence of inflammatory or neoplastic changes in the neighbouring skeleton, but in thalassaemia there may be changes in the paravertebral portion of the ribs. Computer tomographically, the combination of a solid paravertebral tumour, with adjacent rib changes, is characteristic of thalassaemia with extramedullary haematopoiesis. In the absence of other skeletal changes, computed tomography is valuable for differential diagnosis. Lymphomas occur considerably more often and may appear identical but, because of the well know fat content of myolipoma, the scan shows contrast values between -15 and + 40 HU. Because of their high vascularity, there is a marked increase in density following intravenous contrast medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnosis of renal involvement in malignant lymphomas (author's transl)].

The article describes involvement of the kidneys in 2 patients suffering from malignant lymphoma. In the first patient, small nodular infiltrates are seen in the symmetrically enlarged kidneys. In the second patient, a large, intrarenally growing tumour can be observed on the right, whereas on the left side an abdominal lymphatic node can be seen growing into the kidney. At the same time, there are lymphatic infiltrates of different size in both kidneys. The diagnosis is basically established by computerised tomography combined with visualisation of enlarged abdominal lymphatic nodes, both kidneys being involved; at the same time, the intrarenal infiltrates are found to possess a density which largely corresponds to that of the surrounding lymph nodes.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae using CT arthrography.

Using anatomical specimens for experimental investigations, the physical-technical prerequisites for proper demonstration of the femoro-patellar articulation were determined and the following results obtained: hyaline cartilage possesses an attenuation value of 25-35 HU; artificial lesions from 1 mm. deep and 2 mm. wide minimum can be visualized; the use of positive contrast medium is best suited for demonstration of chondral lesions. In clinical practice we found that the various stages of cartilaginous degeneration peculiar to chondromalacia (Fründ I to III) are clearly demonstrated by CT arthrography. In CT the predisposing changes in the morphology of the patella and the femoro-patellar articulation are more precisely defined than in conventional tangential roentgenograms. In 69 cases the CT arthrographic findings could be verified at operation. However, the extent and severity of the lesions was, at times, underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, computer tomography and ERPC in chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas (author's transl)].

A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, computer tomography and ERPC in chronic or recurrent pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma has shown that ERPC is the most precise of the three methods. This was particularly important in the demonstration of the small, still operable, carcinomas of the pancreas. Sonography is most useful for serial observations of pancreatic pseudocysts due to chronic recurrent pancreatitis. In this situation, ERPC should only be used if sonography and computer tomography cannot localise the lesion. Where the computer tomogram has shown evidence of enlargement of the pancreas, sonography may show an area devoid of echos within the enlarged organ, suggesting the presence of a carcinoma. Computer tomography superior to ultrasonography in delineating the extent of extensive pancreatic disease and in showing the anatomical structures surrounding the pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Computer tomographic findings in pelvic and abdominal trauma (author's transl)].

Twenty-two patients with trauma to the pelvis and abdomen were examined by computer tomography. Subcapsular haematomas, haematomas and rupture of organs, intra- and retroperitoneal haematomas and pelvic fractures could be reliably diagnosed in this way. Serial observations on the tissue density of an haematoma allows one to judge its age. Lack of contrast enhancement of an haematoma makes the injection of contrast a useful test. Computer tomography has reduced the indications for angiography in blunt abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1981

[Malignant bone tumors of the pelvis and of the extremities--in conventional radiography, arteriography and computed tomography (author's transl)].

Bone tumors of the extremities are usually diagnosed by conventional radiography. A good angiogram may render information not only about intra- and extraosseous extension of the tumor, but often also about the biological dignity. CT is usually not necessary, especially since it is sometimes difficult to define the extraosseous borders of these extremity tumors with this method. In bone tumors of the pelvis, however, neither conventional radiography nor angiography render reliable information about the extent of the tumor, which CT is very well able to do. Therefore CT is primarily indicated for evaluation of bone tumors in this region. Angiography is done only for preoperative evaluation of the vascular architecture or for potential therapeutic embolisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of the cruciate ligaments by CT.

Delineation of the cruciate ligaments in 112 patients using the computed tomography under arthrographic conditions was reported. Special position were used allowing for the demonstration of both cruciate ligaments in their complete lengths. In 6.2% of the examinations a reliable demonstration of the cruciates was not possible for technical reasons. Demonstration of normal cruciate ligaments in CT arthrography was described and normal values were tabulated. Recent cruciate ligament injuries were seldom examined by CT arthrography since the clinical symptoms were mostly unequivocal. The old ruptures of the ACL were divided into 4 different types: Type I: Rupture of the femoral origin that adjoins the PCL. Type II: Attenuation of the intraligamentary ruptured ligament with a preservation of origin and insertion. Type III: Complete rupture with shrinking and retraction of the fragments. Type IV: Osseous involvement of the femoral origin or tibial insertion. In 36 old cruciate ligament ruptures, the sensitivity of this method of investigation was 97%, the specificity 100%. After reconstructive surgery, CT arthrography allows for an objective analysis of the operative results and permits the comparison of different techniques of surgical repair.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomographic demonstration of venous thrombosis of different etiologies.

Typical computed tomographic signs of venous thrombosis include the demonstration of the hypodense center (20 to 45 HU) in the involved blood vessel with a hyperdense margin surrounding it. CT represents a reliable method of diagnosis complimentary to that achieved by venography. CT examination allows the visualisation of the proximal end of the thrombus and gives the etiology of the thrombus. Venous thromboses occurring for the first time demonstrate a well defined borderline around the vein with a lack of reaction in the surrounding tissue. On the other hand, recurrent venous thrombosis is characterized by an inhomogenous zone of higher density in the perivascular region. A similar image can be obtained in secondary thrombosis due to inflammatory changes from adjacent tumours. In cases of thrombosis with tumour involvement, the tumour can be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The demonstration of the cruciate ligaments by xerotomography (author's transl)].

Demonstration of the cruciate ligaments by xerotomography was attempted in 54 patients after double contrast arthrography of the menisci. The best results of lateral tomography were achieved in showing the middle and caudal portions of the anterior ligament. The ligaments close to the femur are not well demonstrated. Twenty-six patients underwent operation; of these, 13 had ruptured cruciate ligaments. The correct diagnosis was made by xerotomography in only 46%. The reasons for this are discussed. The present results do not suggest that Xerotomography is valuable in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the cruciate ligaments.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1980

[CT for staging of systemic lymphatic diseases (author's transl)].

In 75 patients with lymphoma (46 Hodgkin's disease, 29 non-Hodgkin lymphomas) computed tomography was performed in order to detect neoplastic invasion of the abdominal organs (55 new cases) or to control the results of treatment (20 cases). In 30 cases enlarged retroperitoneal or mesenteric lymphnodes and/or liver or spleen enlargement were found. Neoplastic involvement of lymphnodes without enlargement was missed in two cases. CT failed also to demonstrate microscopic malignant invasion of liver and spleen. The false-negative rate in our series was 10.9%. Computed tomography is a non-invasive method which is very well suited for staging malignant lymphoma.

Hepatomegaly↗