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Biomedical subjects

M Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to M Rahman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a specialist school population.

Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to mupirocin (MIC > 4000 mg l-1) were recovered from children and staff at a school for children with eczema and/or asthma or cystic fibrosis after mupirocin had been used to treat eczematous lesions. At least three distinct strains of S. aureus were involved and resistance was shown to be due in most isolates to a transmissible plasmid. The need for monitoring the extended use of this valuable antibiotic is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

WinMGM: a fast CPK molecular graphics program for analyzing molecular structure.

A molecular modeling program is presented which has been written for Microsoft windows 3.1 and Windows NT operating systems. The program permits interactive molecular manipulation and also provides analytical tools such as energy computations and solvent accessible surfaces. An extremely fast algorithm is used which generates realistic space-filling CPK images in addition to wire frame, ribbons, MIDAS, labels, and points. An important feature of this algorithm is a highly optimized Z-buffer, which is described.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

An investigation of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus that mediate resistance to mupirocin and tetracycline.

Plasmids conferring mupirocin resistance were prepared from isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from four patients in the same ward. The plasmids are related and in all of them the gene conferring mupirocin resistance (mupA) is flanked by copies of IS257 in direct repeat. In two plasmids mupA and IS257 have been duplicated and in one of these plasmids (pJ3358) a small pT181-like plasmid conferring tetracycline resistance is present flanked by copies of IS257. Filter mating with a strain containing pJ3358 as donor and selection on tetracycline sometimes resulted in transfer of the pT181-like plasmid containing a copy of IS257. Analysis showed that the pT181-like plasmid with the insertion of IS257 is present in high copy number and that the IS257 element is inserted in the copy number control region of the plasmid.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal motility responses to neuropeptide gamma in vitro and in vivo in the rat: comparison with neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 2 receptor agonists.

We have studied the effect of a novel tachykinin, neuropeptide gamma (NP gamma) on small intestinal motility in the rat. Experiments were done in vitro on longitudinal muscle strips of duodenum, and in vivo on the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) of the small intestine. In vitro, contractile effects of NP gamma were compared with those of a selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor agonist, substance P methyl ester (SPME), and a selective neurokinin 2 (NK2) receptor agonist, Nle10-NKA(4-10)(NleNKA). NP gamma, SPME and NleNKA caused concentration-dependent contractions (P < 0.001). NP gamma was eight-fold more potent than NleNKA, and 118-fold more potent than SPME. Contractile responses to NP gamma were reduced by hexamethonium (P < 0.01) and atropine (P < 0.05). The non-selective NK receptor antagonist spantide I only slightly reduced the contractile response to NP gamma, as did the selective NK1 antagonist GR 82,334, and the selective NK2 antagonist L-659,877 and MEN 10,376. In vivo, effects of NP gamma on the MMC were compared with those of the natural tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA). NP gamma disrupted the MMC and induced irregular spiking in a dose-dependent manner from 25 to 100 pmol kg-1 min-1 i.v. (P < 0.05). The effect of NP gamma was more prominent than that of NKA at equal doses, while SP had no effect. Our findings show that NP gamma exerts potent stimulatory effects on small intestinal motility, most likely mediated directly via distinct NK receptors on smooth muscle cells, but also indirectly via a cholinergic link.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Detection of 4-quinolone resistance mutation in gyrA gene of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 by PCR.

To study 4-quinolone resistance, the N-terminal coding region of gyrA from nalidixic acid-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis of gyrA from nalidixic acid-resistant isolates revealed a C-to-T transition at nucleotide position 248 leading to a Ser-83-to-Leu substitution which was absent in susceptible clinical isolates. Direct HinfI digestion of PCR-amplified DNA detected similar mutations. Thus, DNA gyrase A subunit mutation Ser-83 to Leu is implicated in 4-quinolone resistance in S. dysenteriae type 1.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1994

In vitro effects of high energy shock wave alone and combined with anticancer drugs on human bladder cancer cells.

We investigated the in vitro effects of high energy shock wave alone or combined with anticancer drug treatment on an established human bladder cancer cell line, KK-47 cells. Exposure of the cell suspensions to 500-2,500 shock waves, generated with the EDAP lithotriptor LT01, resulted in reduced cell viability with an increasing number of shock doses. DNA flow cytometric analysis revealed a marginal effect on the G2+M and S phases of the cell cycle. When shock wave-treated cells were exposed to mitomycin C, cisplatin, methotrexate or adriamycin, an additive cytotoxic effect was obtained at all shock doses. Adriamycin showed the highest additive effect of the drugs tested. Significant increases in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the nutrient medium were observed at over 400 shock doses, reflecting damage to the cell membrane. These data suggest that high energy shock wave may be applicable in combination with some anticancer drugs in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Octreotide (SMS 201-995) as an antisecretory agent in cholera toxin & bile acid induced intestinal secretion in an in vivo animal study.

The effect of Octreotide (SMS 201-995), synthetic somatostatin analogue on small intestinal and colonic fluid secretion induced respectively by cholera toxin (CT) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) was investigated in rabbits using in vivo isolated loops. After exposure to CT and DCA, marked fluid accumulation was observed in the small intestinal and colonic loops, along with elevation of jejunal and colonic mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. Octreotide inhibited CT and DCA induced small intestinal and colonic secretion, dose-dependently. This anti-secretory effect was observed after both intramuscular and oral administration of octreotide. In contrast, octreotide did not affect the elevated mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. These results suggest that octreotide inhibits CT and DCA induced intestinal secretion, and this anti-secretory effect is produced by affecting processes beyond cyclic AMP formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Determination of negative autopsy rate at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka.

Two hundred and seventy four dead bodies were brought to the Forensic Medicine department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka for the purpose of Medico-legal autopsy during the period Jan '91 to Dec '91, 72.63% were male and 27.37% were female. After thorough autopsy it was found that in 19 (6.93%) cases no opinion as to the cause or nature of death could be given.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1993

Maternal nutritional status as a determinant of child health.

To determine the relationship between the nutritional status of the mother and that of the child, 339 children aged 3-36 months and their mothers in two urban hospitals and a community out-patient clinic, were studied. The weight and height of both children and their mothers were measured, and body mass indices (BMI) of the mothers were calculated. Socio-economic status, maternal educational level, and dietary information were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire. The child's nutritional status, as indicated by weight for age (as a percentage of NCHS median), was associated with the body mass index of the mother (P < 0.001), socio-economic status of the family (P < 0.001), and breastfeeding status of the child (P < 0.005) in a multivariate analysis after adjusting for several prognostic factors. The results indicate that maternal nutritional status is a proximate determinant of a child's nutritional status and should be considered in programmes aiming at improving child health.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1993

Precocious emphysema in intravenous drug abusers.

It is becoming increasingly clear that obstructive airway disease and early emphysema occur in some drug addicts who intravenously abuse drugs intended for oral use. We report four patients with such a history who had clinical, pathophysiologic, and radiologic evidence of severe obstructive airway disease with hyperinflation. Three patients had bullae. All had radiologic changes of intravenous talc granulomatosis. One patient had moderately severe emphysema at autopsy. The pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain but may involve synergism with cigarette smoke, direct toxic effects of the drug, or induced intravascular leukocyte sequestration causing proteolytic pulmonary injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Probes for the study of mupirocin resistance in staphylococci.

Probes constructed from a 4.05-kb EcoRI digest fragment of a mupirocin resistance plasmid and a 751-bp internal part of this fragment hybridised with DNA from all of 36 independent high-level mupirocin-resistant staphylococci tested from seven centres; most were Staphylococcus aureus. In most instances the probes detected an EcoRI digest fragment of approximately 4 kb. Probes did not hybridise to DNA from low-level resistant strains, nor from strains sensitive to mupirocin.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1993

Discriminatory power of typing schemes based on Simpson's index of diversity for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Simpson's index of diversity was used to produce a single numerical value to compare the abilities of single or combined typing schemes to discriminate between unrelated isolates. This calculation was used to compare the discriminating power of auxotype and serovar determination and plasmid content analysis, either singly or in combination, for Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates having different antimicrobial susceptibilities (i.e., antibiotic-susceptible isolates and those that produce penicillinase, carry plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline, have chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance, or both produce penicillinase and carry plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline). Plasmid content analysis and auxotype determination produced the lowest level of discrimination, while a combination of auxotype and serovar typing schemes generally provided higher levels of discrimination. Addition of plasmid content analysis to auxotype and serovar typing provided additional discrimination only with penicillinase-producing isolates. For isolates that carried plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline, isolates that were tetracycline resistant, isolates that both produced penicillinase and carried plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline, or isolates that had chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance, none of the typing methods produced high discriminatory indices, indicating that these isolates are probably derived from relatively few clones.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1993

The bimodal mortality pattern of acute renal failure in children.

A total of 1784 children suffering from acute nonobstructive anuric renal failure requiring dialysis were studied in the Pediatrics Nephrology unit of Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, for the 10-year period 1981-1990. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I, the majority of the children (94.5%), presented with acute renal failure without evidence of hemolysis and were labeled as acute ischemic renal failure (AIRF), and the remaining 5.5% of the children with acute renal failure (ARF) showing features of severe hemolysis were labeled as hemolytic uremic syndrome (Group II.) The children of group I had mean age 4 (0.5-10) years, mean period of anuria 5 (2-13) days, and had mean serum creatinine 701 +/- 267.98 mumol/L. The overall mortality in this group was 89%. Children in Group II had mean age 2 (0.2-6) years, mean duration of anuria 3 (2-5) days, and mean serum creatinine level 500 +/- 100 mumol/L. The mortality rate in this group was 15%. In spite of some differences between the two groups the difference in the mortality rate between the two groups was significant (p < 0.001). It is concluded that AIRF in children bears a much poorer prognosis compared to that of ARF due to HUS.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

Effect of PEMF on fresh fracture-healing in rat tibia.

The present experiment was designed to find out whether PEMF can act as a healing agent on induced fracture of rat tibia. Eighty rats were taken for this experiment. Under general anaesthesia mid-shaft of tibia and fibula of all rats were osteotomied, Intramedullary nailing was done for proper alignment of the fractured fragments. The animals were then divided into two groups: group-1 and Group-II. Each group contained forty animals. Out of these forty animals twenty were treated as experimental and twenty as control. From the third day of osteotomy, PEMF was applied to experimental rats around the osteotomy sites for a period of nine hours a day. PEMF was not applied to the control rats. The animals of group-1 and group-II were sacrificed after applied one week and three weeks of PEMF, respectively. Radiological and microscopical examination of the callus were performed. Gross and microscopic measurements of the callus were statistically analysed. The growth of callus was taken as a criterion of fracture healing. The results of the present experiment revealed significant enhancement of fracture healing in group-I. The results of the radiological evaluation of group-II experimental animals were also consistent with the morphological analysis. It was concluded that healing of fractured rat tibia was enhanced by the application of PEMF and this effect of PEMF was more pronounced at the end of third week.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA): experience from a health district of central England over five years.

A series of outbreaks of EMRSA occurred in three hospitals of a Health District in the years 1986 and 1987, affecting 64 patients and 6 staff members. By the antibiotic sensitivity pattern (methicillin-resistance and resistance to many others) and phage typing, the organism resembled the epidemic strains involved in London outbreaks. In this series of outbreaks, different circumstances led to adaptation of different control measures with their cost implications. As failure with chlorhexidine was experienced, it was replaced with povidone-iodine for routine handwashing and topical application to patients in affected wards. Heavy environmental contamination involving mattress, bed, floor, table, chair, locker, television etc. was shown. Repeated failures of a phenolic disinfectant led to use of formaldehyde or a higher concentration of the phenolic disinfectant which caused side effects in staff members. Various anti-bacterial agents had been used in treating different conditions in different cases. Mupirocin was found to be the best agent in treating infections or colonization of superficial accessible sites. For non-accessible sites fusidic acid and rifampicin were found to be satisfactory. Continued surveillance in the District for three years after the last case did not detect re-emergence of EMRSA.

Aged↗