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Biomedical subjects

M R Mickey

Publications and source records attributed to M R Mickey.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Bronchodilator characteristics of nebulized metaproterenol sulfate, isoetharine, and atropine in chronic asthma.

A randomized double-blind comparison of aerosolized META, ISO, ATR, and PI solutions delivered by motorized mist nebulizer was conducted in subjects with known reversible airway obstruction. Vital signs and spirometric parameters were monitored sequentially during each of four 6 hr test periods. Abstention from all medication was required for at least 12 hr before each test period. Baseline percent predicted FEV1 and FEF25-75 among subjects for all test periods were statistically similar. Compared to the other agents tested META treatment (15 mg) resulted in significantly improved global response and higher mean percent increases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 over the entire test period as well as at individual measurement points up to 4 hr for FEV1 and 5 hr for FEF25-75. Peak FEV1 and FEF25-75 values with META treatment were noted at 30 min and persisted above baseline during the entire 6 hr. ATR (2 mg) treatment resulted in later onset of bronchodilatory effect and, as with ISO (125 micrograms), more rapid diminution in measured response. Administration of saline alone resulted in a net 9% increase in FEV1 and 11% in FEF25-75 over the entire test period. Clinically insignificant tremor was noted in 41% of META-treated subjects. Delivery of META by a motorized mist nebulizer provides safe, effective bronchodilation and META is superior to the other agents tested in terms of onset of action, peak reversal of airway obstruction, and duration of effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effect of dietary restriction of varying duration on survival, tumor patterns, immune function, and body temperature in B10C3F1 female mice.

Seven groups of mice were maintained on different dietary programs varying with respect to restriction at various stages of life. Restriction was associated with less age-related decline in T-dependent immunological function and a slight but significant lowering of body temperature. The best mean and maximum survival and the lowest late-life mortality rate was found in the group restricted throughout life, but restriction during any part of the lifespan enhanced survival to some degree. The mean life spans of tumor-bearing animals tended to be greater in restricted than in nonrestricted groups, corresponding to an age-decelerating effect. Tumor frequency varied with the period of life during which restriction took place and was not always decreased in restricted animals. These latter results suggest that the mechanisms whereby dietary restriction influences the aging rate and tumor susceptibility may not be entirely identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Kidney transplantation trends from UCLA registry Data, 1975-1982.

A total of 23,607 cases transplanted in 1975-1982 were analyzed for proportion and survival trends within eleven classification variables. Increases of up to 2% of total cases per year in proportions of registered transplants over the eight years are found in the following subcategories (with corresponding decreases in complementary subcategories): first grafts, cadaver donors, recipients with diabetes mellitus, and kidneys shipped more than 50 miles. Larger proportional increases of 3-7% per year are found for HLA-DR matching, cold ischemia times greater than 24 hr, cold storage, and pretransplant transfusions. Recipient population cross-sections are unchanged for age, race, HLA-A,B matching, and cytotoxic antibodies at transplant. Only the pretransplant transfusion classification has no increased graft survival in any subcategory; all other variables have one or more categories with increasing graft survival. It appears likely that the marked shift in transfusion policy nationwide has been the primary factor in increasing graft survival rates overall.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediate cytotoxicity to cultured target cells superinfected with Epstein-Barr virus.

The relationship between natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was examined in an Epstein-Barr virus-infected target cell system. The total ADCC reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus-infected target cells varied considerably with different effector cells, indicating contributions to specificity by the effector cells as well as by antibodies in the sera. To investigate the role of each reactant, the effector cells, sera, and target cells were tested according to a three-dimensional experimental design and examined for selectivity with the two- and three-way interaction analysis. The two-way analysis was applied to different planes from the experiment to examine special interactions involving two of the three reactants. Selective ADCC was examined through the results from sera versus target cells, selective NCMC was examined by effector cells versus target cells, and the relationship between NCMC and ADCC was examined through the final plane of effector cells versus sera. A three-way interaction analysis applied to the same results supported the conclusions from the two-way analysis and allowed further inquiry into the concurrent role of three reactants. The design and analysis used in the study allowed detection of selective ADCC and NCMC for Epstein-Barr virus-infected target cells and variations in the efficiency of ADCC by different effector cells and in the modulation of NCMC by different sera.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of negative crossmatch: an aid for cost-effective kidney sharing.

Prospective kidney transplant recipients, who have broadly reactive cytotoxic antibodies, are currently at a considerable disadvantage in competing for shared kidneys since they tend not to be considered as candidates because of the likelihood of kidney wastage subsequent to positive crossmatch tests. Alternative to extensive shipping, storage and crossmatch testing by the harvesting center, is the prediction of crossmatch outcome on the basis of donor HLA type and recipient sera characteristics. A prediction method was developed that yields approximately 85% correct predictions. The method was validated by predicting crossmatch outcome of 67 consecutive cadaveric donors tested against 87 recipients and is suggested as useful for guiding kidney sharing programs.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Drug-specific EEG frequency spectra and their time courses produced in the cat by antidepressants and a benzodiazepine.

The results of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine, desipramine and doxepin and the anti-anxiety agent diazepam were tested for their effects on the frequency distribution of spontaneous brain electrical activity (EEG) in the cat. Multivariate statistical techniques were employed to make an objective and quantitative assessment of the results of broad-band frequency analysis in terms of certain dose-related and drug-specific variables. In spite of several clinical and pharmacological differences in their properties, the antidepressants produced remarkably similar profiles of frequency change which were unrelated to those produced by diazepam.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of theophylline on gastroesophageal reflux in normal adults.

In a randomized, double-blind manner, 15 normal adults were given a single oral loading dose of anhydrous theophylline (6.5 +/- 0.9 mg/kg) and nine normal adults were given placebo. All subjects were tested for serum theophylline levels, acid reflux (using intraesophageal pH probe), and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) at 1.5, 4, and 8 hr after treatment. Of subjects with negative baseline acid reflux tests, eight of 13 (61.5%) given theophylline developed positive acid reflux tests compared with none of eight subjects given placebo. One of nine (11%) placebo subjects reported heartburn compared with 11 of 15 (73%) subjects given theophylline. The maximum mean percent change in LESP from baseline was +5.62 +/- 28.8% in the placebo group and -25.01 +/- 23.7% in the theophylline group (p = 0.01) at 4 hr after treatment. While only two of nine (22%) adults given placebo had at least a 14% reduction in LESP following treatment, all of the 15 subjects sustained a minimum of 14% relaxation in LESP. This study confirms that oral theophylline at therapeutic serum levels inhibits LESP and induces gastroesophageal reflux (GER) measured by acid reflux tests in most normal adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Major histocompatibility locus in the Arabian horse.

Combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) is a genetic disorder of T and B lymphocyte production which results in a nonfunctional immune system. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has been reported in humans and in horses of the Arabian breed. Arabian horses known to have the CID gene and horses of unknown carrier status were tested using a microlymphocytotoxicity technique. Computer chi 2 analysis distinguished six serologically defined specificities. The study of unrelated horses and a limited number of families showed that the specificities behave as codominant alleles segregating at one locus. No differences in antigen frequency was detected between the CID carriers and the random horse population.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocytotoxic antibody responses to transfusions in potential kidney transplant recipients.

A series of 737 hemodialysis patients were studied for the relationship between lymphocytotoxic antibody formation and blood transfusions; 331 thereof were studied prospectively. With up to 20 transfusions, highly reactive (greater than 90% reactivity against random panel) antibodies were not found in any of the prospectively studied males or females without previous pregnancies. Nearly 90% of the males failed to form antibodies against greater than 10% of the panel donors. Patients with previous pregnancies developed antibodies at a much higher rate. Among 316 patients tested, antibodies against B cells were found more frequently than antibodies against T cells. Both T and B cell antibody levels often decreased in spite of additional transfusions. It is concluded that the risk of rendering a patient untransplantable because of sensitization as a result of transfusions is very small.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

An information theory quality score for reagent sera.

A quality score adapted from information theory is of interest in evaluating HLA typing sera in that it permits the evaluation of a panel of sera detecting a given specificity from the quality characteristics of the sera considered individually. The empirical question of additivity of quality scores is considered using data of the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Additivity is only approximate, which indicates that panels of sera will not be quite as good as would be predicted by summing quality scores of the component sera. Methodological problems regarding estimation of the quality score are considered. The information quality score is related to other indices of serum quality for the special case in which reactions are scored as positive or negative.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1980

The quantitative measurement of changes in EEG frequency spectra produced in the cat by sedative-hypnotics and neuroleptics.

The sedative-hypnotic secobarbital and the sedative-anti-anxiety agent, chlordiazepoxide and two neuroleptics, chlorpromazine and halopridol, were treated for effects on the EEG of the cat using broad-band frequency analysis of 6 brain sites. Dose-related, 'drug-=specific' effects were abstracted from the data by the use of multivariate statistical techniques. These demonstrated that the two neuroleptic agents produced very similar alterations in the EEG frequency spectrum which were distinctly different from those resulting from the administration of the sedative-hypnotic and the sedative-anti-anxiety agent. The time-course of the central activity of the 4 compounds was also depicted.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

EEG effects of hallucinogens and cannabinoids using sleep-waking behavior as baseline.

Three hallucinogens (d-lysergicacid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, psilocybin) and two cannabinoid derivatives (tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), synhexyl) were tested for their long-term effects on the EEG of the cat. The drug-induced alterations in the EEG frequency spectrum were "drug-specific" in the sense that they would be statistically unlikely to occur during sleep-waking behavior. The two classes of compounds produced distinctly different EEG effects which were remarkably similar within each class. The duration of activity and relative potencies were consistent with those obtained by other measures, both in cats and in other species including man.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Discrimination of T, B, and null lymphocytes by electronic sizing.

T, B, and null lymphocytes isolated by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) rosetting or adherence to a nylon wool column had distinct size differences according to Coulter counter size analysis. The diameters in microns were as follows: B = 6.42, T = 6.76, null = 7.16, granulocytes = 8.42, and monocytes = 9.02. Coulter size distributions of cell preparations were compared to the proportions of cells with E, EAC, and surface immunoglobulin (SIg) markers in these preparations as well as their reactivity to HLA--DR antisera and rabbit anti-B-lymphocyte antisera. Cell preparations monitored by Coulter sizing produced the expected results in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) testing. That is, T cells responded but did not stimulate whereas B lymphocytes and monocytes stimulated but did not respond. NULL lymphocytes both stimulated and responded. In antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), null lymphocytes and monocytes functioned as effectors, whereas T lymphocytes and granulocytes did not. B lymphocyte preparations were intermediate in activity. Coulter sizing is a rapid, simple means of assessing the purity of suspensions enriched for T, B, and null lymphocytes.

Animals↗