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Biomedical subjects

M R Alley

Publications and source records attributed to M R Alley.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Experimental induction of pneumonia in mice with Bordetella parapertussis isolated from sheep.

The intranasal inoculation of mice with a suspension of ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis killed about 11 per cent of animals (four out of 34) between 2 to 3 days post-inoculation and produced a subacute bronchopneumonia morphologically similar to early lesions of naturally occurring ovine chronic non-progressive pneumonia. Pulmonary lesions characterized by alveolar septal congestion and oedema, focal alveolar haemorrhage and intraalveolar and septal infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages were seen in the early stages. Bronchioles often contained an exudate of macrophages, neutrophils and fibrin and later hyperplasia of perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid tissue and fibrosis of the interalveolar septa were evident. Electron microscopy revealed extensive degenerative changes in the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages. Pure cultures of B. parapertussis were consistently recovered from infected lungs from 12 h after inoculation to pid 6. Intact organisms and organisms showing varying degrees of degeneration were found free in alveolar spaces or phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary corpora amylacea in sheep.

Pulmonary corpora amylacea (PCA) were found in 36 per cent of lambs with chronic non-progressive pneumonia. They were spheroidal or ovoid, concentrically lamellar, and commonly found in the alveoli. The components of PCA were complex and variable but staining reactions indicated that most of them contained deoxyribonucleoproteins, glycoproteins and ribonucleoproteins. Electron microscopy showed that they were composed of a fine granular material with an occasional vesicular pattern. There are a number of differences in the morphology and staining reaction of ovine PCA compared with those described in man. Some of these differences may be related to their age. Ovine PCA are closely associated with chronic non-progressive pneumonia and it is postulated that they may result indirectly from bronchiolar stenosis and stagnation of exudate.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus.

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

An ovine pulmonary tumour of alveolar epithelial Type II cells.

A small tumour was found at the periphery of the lung during routine necropsy of a 13-year-old Romney ewe. The tumour consisted of vacuolated, cuboidal cells which lined alveolar spaces without destroying them. Electron microscopy revealed numerous microvilli on the free surface of the cells and irregularly shaped osmiophilic inclusions within the vacuoles. No viral particles were found and the tumour was diagnosed as a well differentiated Type II pneumocyte adenocarcinoma of unknown aetiology.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: clinical and pathological studies.

Eight one-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated intratracheally with ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis. After inoculation, the lambs showed slight depression and anorexia. The total circulating leucocyte counts in these animals rose gradually to a peak five days post-inoculation. Neutrophil counts also increased and were highest at Day 3. Lesions grossly and histologically similar to those of naturally-occurring ovine chronic non-progressive pneumonia were seen in the majority of infected animals. Grossly, they consisted of many small areas of collapse and dull-red consolidation. Histologically, B. parapertussis caused mild acute tracheobronchitis, severe alveolar collapse and acute bronchopneumonia, which was most severe from Days 1 to 3. Pure cultures of B. parapertussis were consistently recovered from nasal swabs of infected lambs throughout the study. Viable bacterial counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a rapid elimination of this organism from the lower respiratory tract between Days 1 to 5. Bordetella parapertussis infection in the respiratory tract of lambs has the potential to compromise pulmonary defence mechanisms and allow other pathogenic organisms to become established in the lower respiratory tract.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural studies.

Eight colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated intratracheally with ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis. Fluids obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage had a large increase in total cell counts 24 hours after inoculation; up to 93% of cells were neutrophils. From 3 days after inoculation, the number of alveolar macrophages in lavage samples was markedly increased. From 5 days onwards, many alveolar macrophages had moderate to severe cytoplasmic vacuolation. Topographically, tracheal and bronchial epithelium was covered by a large amount of inflammatory exudate 24 hours after inoculation. Later, the tracheobronchial epithelium showed focal extrusions from ciliated cells, which were occasionally associated with B. parapertussis organisms. Ultrastructurally, cytopathological changes associated with B. parapertussis infection were mild focal degeneration of airway epithelium with slight loss of cilia, moderate to severe degeneration of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, and focal inflammation in the lungs. These results suggest that the primary targets of B. parapertussis infection are alveolar macrophages and the epithelial cells of bronchioles and alveoli.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of chronic non-progressive pneumonia on weight gain of pasture-fed lambs.

The liveweight gains and carcass weights of 40 lambs grazed under pastoral conditions were compared with those of a similar group with chronic non-progressive pneumonia which had been induced by intranasal inoculation of an aerosol of homogenised pneumonic lung at about 120 days of age. Half the lambs from each group were killed 30 days post-inoculation following rotational grazing on high quality pasture. At this time the pneumonic lambs had a mean liveweight gain of 1.74 kg less than the controls. The remainder were slaughtered at 60 days, when drier conditions prevailed, by which time the difference in mean liveweight had increased to 2.19 kg. During the second period, four of the severely affected lambs lost weight. A significant linear relationship was found between liveweight gain and the extent of the pneumonic lesions which indicated that a reduction of nearly 1 kg/month could be expected for every 10% of the lung surface area affected. Carcass weights were reduced by a mean of 1.5 kg over the 60-day period, 1.39 kg of which occurred in the first 30 days.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Ataxia due to lymphosarcoma in a young horse.

A 20-month-old, Standard-bred colt was presented with an acute onset of hindlimb ataxia. Clinical and radiographic examination identified a compressive lesion affecting the spinal cord at the level of the 17th to 18th thoracic vertebrae. After euthanasia, post-mortem examination revealed a tumour in the epidural space, diagnosed histologically as a lymphosarcoma. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were also present in the abdominal lymph nodes and brain. Because of the disseminated nature of lymphosarcoma in the horse, involvement of the central nervous system is likely to be more common than is presently recognised.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pericardial ectopic liver in a cat.

An aged domestic short-haired cat was presented for examination because of a six week history of weight loss, diarrhoea, and increased appetite. Clinical examination revealed the cat to be emaciated, icteric and the liver was enlarged. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of hepatic disease and radiographic examination showed hepatomegaly and ascites together with an enlarged globular heart. Ultrasonography showed a heart of normal size surrounded by tissue and/or fluid within the pericardial sac. Following euthanasia, necropsy revealed the presence of ectopic hepatic tissue within the pericardial sac. Both normally positioned liver and the intrapericardial hepatic tissue showed chronic active pericholangitis and nodular hyperplasia. There was no evidence of a diaphragmatic peritoneal-pericardial hernia, but the intrapericardial mass was connected to the liver by a thin cord of tissue ventral to the caudal vena cava.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Colonisation of the respiratory tract of lambs by strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.

The age and time of year when colonisation of the nasal cavity of lambs by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae occurs; the persistence of the organism, and its prevalence in the lungs at slaughter were examined in 2 flocks of sheep in New Zealand. No colonisation had occurred at the time of weaning at 6-7 weeks, but M. ovipneumoniae was recovered from most lambs on at least one occasion before they were slaughtered when about 8 months old. In most cases, colonisation of the nasal cavity by M. ovipneumoniae was a transient phenomenon. At slaughter M. ovipneumoniae was recovered from the lungs of 89% of the lambs of one flock and 80% of the other flock. Bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA) of 34 nasal isolates from one flock showed that it was possible to identify 7 "groups" each with markedly different BRENDA patterns. Lambs initially colonised by one strain, often lost that strain, and if recolonisation occurred it was with a different strain. M. ovipneumoniae was recovered at slaughter from the lungs of most lambs, both normal and pneumonic. The isolates from one flock were examined by BRENDA, and approximately 90% of them gave similar or identical patterns. The predominant strain isolated from the lungs had been recovered from the nasal cavity of many of the lambs about 3 weeks earlier. This suggests that the nasal and lung isolates do not represent independent populations. However, nasal strains may differ in their ability to colonise the lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Primary idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in St. Bernard dogs.

Primary hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in three St. Bernard bitches. Anorexia, behavioural changes, muscle tremors, seizures, panting respiration, and cataracts were the clinical signs observed. The serum concentration of calcium was low, the phosphorus concentration elevated, and the immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level low in all dogs. The aetiology of the hypoparathyroidism was not determined in any of the dogs. Treatment with synthetic vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and an oral calcium supplement was successful in restoring and then maintaining a normal concentration of serum calcium in two of the dogs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Conjunctival lipid granulomas in a cat.

A 12-year-old, neutered male cat was examined because of a persistent serous ocular discharge from the left eye. Three, pale cream, 1-4 mm lesions were detected in the palpebral conjunctivae of the left eye. The surgical excision of the lesions resulted in complete resolution of the epiphora. Histological examination confirmed that the lesions were lipid granulomas but the aetiology and pathogenesis of them were not determined. No disease conditions which result in primary or secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia were detected.

Journal Article↗