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Biomedical subjects

M Picard

Publications and source records attributed to M Picard.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Upward spread of masking in normal and abnormal ears].

Upward spread of masking was studied for normals and sensorineurally hearing-impaired subjects with high-frequency hearing loss. Hearing-impaired listeners were recruited in such a way as to present normal hearing on the frequency of the masker, that is a narrow band of noise centered at 1 000 Hz. Levels of the masker were set at 70, 80 and 90 dB, respectively. Results first indicated the presence of a relationship between masked and elevated absolute thresholds for a masker level of 70 dB. At masker levels of 80 and 90 dB, hearing-impaired listeners showed excessive upward spread of masking in spite of normal hearing sensitivity at the masker frequency: with 80 and 90 dB of noise, upward spread of masking grew, respectively, 2.6 and 1.6 times faster than in normals. Furthermore, excessive upward spread of masking was shown to progress as a function of hearing loss. Results were interpreted as additional evidence of abnormal frequency selectivity in sensorineurally hearing-impaired listeners.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Speech audiometry for French Canadians].

A critical review of speech tests intended for French-Canadian adults is undertaken. Special attention is paid to equivalent forms and concurrent validity of existing speech discrimination lists. Current dissyllables used for the determination of speech threshold are scrutinized with regard to their homogeneity. Finally, clinical utility and interpretation of this material are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Study of critical levels of 3 antistreptococcal antibodies by data analysis].

Prinqual, a new statistical data-analysis method was used to determine the critical titers of antistreptolysin O (ASLO), anti-DNase B (ADB) and antistreptokinase (ASK) in the sera of 104 patients with suspected streptococcal infection and 121 blood-donors. The whole range from pathological to normal was thus covered, thereby avoiding bias concerning the proportion of normal titers in a control population. Another advantage of the method was that the titers of the 3 antibodies were considered simultaneously and the semi-quantitative results of serological tests were avoided. It appeared from this study that the upper limits of normal values were: ASLO, 100 U; ADB, 240 U and ASK, 40 U. The first probably pathological values were: ASLO, 150 U; ADB, 480 U and ASK, 320 U. These results are compared with those available in the literature.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

[Cryptic miliary tuberculosis. Two case-reports (author's transl)].

The term cryptic miliary tuberculosis designates a particular form of hematogenous tuberculosis in which the usual diagnostic criteria, especially the roentgenographic ones, are lacking. Two cases are reported. Initial clinical manifestations were prolonged fever, poor general condition, low blood pressure, low serum sodium, mild hepatic biological disorders, and myocarditis. No other radiological or biological features, suggestive of tuberculosis were found. In the first patient, the various visceral tuberculous localizations occurred under specific treatment, although the latter was otherwise effective. In the second patient, they were identified by pathological examination. The incidence of these occult forms of tuberculosis, where diagnosis is often established too late, and sometimes only postmortem, is not negligible. This possibility must be borne in mind in severe infectious conditions without obvious etiology, particularly when the following features are present : inadequate secretion of ADH, which often indicates latent encephalitic and meningitic involvement where CSF anomalies may be incomplete or lacking ; leucopenia or pancytopenia ; biological hepatic anomalies ; exceptionally, such as in the two cases described, cardiac involvement. Among diagnostic procedures, liver biopsy is of the utmost importance. Mere diagnostic presumption is sufficient to warrant initiation of antituberculous therapy. This ensures survival and, paradoxically, allows delayed overt clinical manifestations to develop.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of early odor exposure in domestic chicks.

The effects of odor exposure during the last 2 days of incubation and immediately after hatching on subsequent responses by chicks to that same scent were assessed. When tested with an orange-treated and an unscented container, chicks that had been previously exposed to orange odor more rapidly approached both containers than did control chicks and spent more time near them. In both conditions, chicks spent significantly more time near the unscented container than the one treated with orange. In a second experiment, chicks previously exposed to orange odor and control chicks did not differ in their rates of locomotor activity or latency to approach stimulus containers when orange odor was not present. Chicks become familiar with specific odors as a function of early exposure. Differences between the behavior of exposed and naive chicks in the presence of orange odor may reflect neophobic responses by the controls.

Animals↗