Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Phillips.
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Cats were subjected to circulatory arrest of 5 minutes duration by occlusion of the ascending aorta and the superior and inferior venae cavae. After perfusion was re-established by release of the occluding clamps, one group of animals was placed in a hyperbaric chamber and ventilated with oxygen at 1.5 atmospheres absolute pressure for 2.5 hours. Control animals were ventilated with oxygen at ambient atmospheric pressure. The time for electroencephalographic recovery was significantly shortened (P = 0.002) and the cerebrospinal fluid lactate change (2.5-hour value minus the preclamp value) was reduced (P = 0.008) in the animals receiving hyperbaric oxygen. The data indicate that hyperbaric oxygen administered after global cerebral ischemia modifies favorably both postischemic functional impairment and metabolic derangement. Possible mechanisms for the modification of postischemic encephalopathy are discussed.
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The precursor to corticotropin and beta-endorphin was synthesized in a reticulocyte cell-free system under the direction of mRNA from mouse AtT-20 pituitary tumor cells in the presence of [3H]proline, [3H]phenylalanine, [3H]leucine, [3H]valine, [3H]isoleucine or [35S]methionine. Automatic Edman degradation of the radioactive cell-free product showed the following N-terminal sequence: Pro-1, Met-2, Leu-11, Leu-12, Leu-13, Leu-15, Leu-16, Leu-17, Ile-21 and Val-23. The corticotropin-endorphin precursor was also labeled in AtT-20 cells with [3H]valine, [3H]leucine, [3H]tryptophan, [3H]serine, [35S]methionine or [35S]cysteine. Automatic Edman degradation of the radioactive intact cell form gave the following N-terminal sequence: Trp-1, Cys-2, Leu-3, Ser-5, Ser-6, Val-7, Cys-8, Leu-11, Leu-17, Leu-18 and tentatively Met-27. The sequence of the intact cell form from AtT-20 cells matches the sequence of the cell-free form of bovine pituitary precursor beginning at Trp-27, as determined by recombinant DNA technology [Nakanishi, S., Inoue, A., Kita, T., Nakamura, M., Chang, A. C. Y., Cohen, S. N., and Numa, S. (1979) Nature (Lond.) 278, 423-427]. The sequence of the mouse pituitary mRNA-directed cell-free translation product also matches the bovine precursor beginning at Pro-2. The results suggest that both the mouse and bovine precursors possess a signal sequence of 26 amino acids which is cleaved in intact cells. CNBr cleavage of [35S]cysteine-labelled intact cell precursor gave rise to an N-terminal fragment of a size compatible with the presence of a methionyl residue at or near position 27.
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M. chelonei ssp. chelonei was isolated over a period of 5 months from abscesses on various sites of hands and feet of a patient on maintenance dialysis. The organism was resistant in vitro to a greater number of antimicrobials and treatment in turn with gentamicin, vancomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole had to be supplemented by surgical drainage of abscesses. Examination of the dialysis circuit revealed repeatedly the presence of M. chelonei and M. fortuitum in the water softener resin and other sites. The significance of this finding is discussed.
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To evaluate the efficacy of lithium in chronic alcoholism, we enrolled 47 male alcoholics in a prospective double-blind two-period crossover study. Nineteen subjects completed the 6-mo study during which they received lithium and placebo each for a 3-mo period. Self-reported alcohol intake and social and psychological factors were monitored. Three subjects claimed that they did not drink during the study. Mean self-reported alcohol intake of the remaining 16 was less during lithium therapy but was also less during the first treatment period. Neither of these differences reached statistical significance. The nine depressed patients, diagnosed from their profiles of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not consume significantly less alcohol and did not change scores for depression significantly during lithium therapy. We could not demonstrate the lithium therapy was of benefit in our group of alcoholic patients.
A study was conducted to determine whether a Moraxella bovis ribosomal vaccine would protect calves from infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Each of 16 calves were given 2 inoculations 21 days apart. Twenty-one days after the 2nd inoculation, 8 of the calves were challenge exposed with a homologous strain culture and 8 calves were challenge exposed to a heterologous strain culture of M bovis. Sedimentation velocity analysis of the ribosomes used in this study indicated that they were mostly 30S and 50S subunits. Chemical assays indicated that the ribosomes were composed of 64% to 65% RNA and 35% to 36% protein. The cesium chloride buoyant density of the ribosomes was 1.62 g/ml. Ribosomes used as antigen gave 1 line of precipitation in a gel-diffusion precipitin test with hyperimmune serum against the whole-cell antigen of the homologous strain of M bovis. The eyes of all the experimentally exposed calves became infected and all calves developed clinical signs of either unilateral or bilateral IBK. None of the sera of the vaccinated calves had detectable precipitins against the ribosomal antigen at the time they were challenge exposed, but most of the sera had precipitins against whole-cell and pilus antigens. The results indicate that M bovis ribosomes, although similar to other bacterial ribosomes, did not protect cattle against IBK.
Monomeric ribosomes (70S) were isolated from nonencapsulated Pasteurella multocida strain X-73 by mechanical disruption and by chemical lysis. Contamination of the initial preparations by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evident by gel immunodiffusion. Gel filtration chromatography of the 70S ribosomes resulted in ribosomes with LPS contamination below the concentration that was detected by gel immunodiffusion, but chickens vaccinated with these preparations responded serologically to LPS by producing a detectable titer of passive hemagglutination antibody. Washing the 70S ribosomes through 0.5 M NH4Cl and 30% sucrose rendered them virtually free of contamination by LPS as evidenced by lack of passive hemagglutination titer. Ribosomes were evaluated as protective immunogens in CF-1 mice. Two inoculations (14 days apart) at each dosage level of 0.4, 40.0, and 400 microgram/mouse were given. At 21 days after vaccination, the mice were challenge exposed with encapsulated P multocida X-73 cells. None of the ribosomal preparations (crude or purified) protected against challenge exposure. Killed whole nonencapsulated cells did protect against challenge exposure. In contrast to numerous reports on the effectiveness of ribosomes as protective immunogens, ribosomes from nonencapsulated P multocida cells were not protective immunogens in mice challenge exposed with encapsulated cells under these conditions.
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DNA carrying inverted repeats was tested for transposition within the Drosophila genome. Five Bam HI segments containing related inverted repeats were isolated from D. melanogaster and analyzed by electron microscopy and restriction mapping. Southern blot experiments using single-copy flanking sequences as probes allowed the study of DNA arrangements at specific sites in the genomes of five closely related strains. We found that in some genomes the sequences with inverted repeats were present at a particular site, whereas in other genomes they were absent from this site. These results indicated that three of the sequences are transposable genetic elements. In one case we have purified the two corresponding DNA segments, with and without the sequence containing inverted repeats, thereby confirming the mobility of this sequence. These DNA elements were found to be distinct in two ways from copia and others previously described: first, they contain inverted terminal repeats, and second, they have a more heterogeneous construction.
We evaluated the sweat-patch test for its ability to detect alcohol consumption. During an 8-day study, volunteers drank whisky while wearing sweat-patches that collected sweat continuously at a steady rate. We offered 1.0, 2.0, or 5.0 g ethanol/kg/day to 6 continuous drinkers, and 5.0 g ethanol/kg/day for 2 days to 8 episodic drinkers, and removed sweat patches after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The concentration of ethanol in the collected sweat (Cs) rose: (1) progressively with the amount of alcohol consumed: and (2) linearly with the mean concentration of ethanol in the blood (Cb) during the sweat collection period (In Cs = 0.80 In Cb - 1.40; r = 0.93, p < 0.001). The test clearly distinguished drinkers from nondrinkers (Cs < 0.0022 G/L when no ethanol consumed; Cs > 0.0067 G/L when 0.5 G ethanol/kg/day consumed and when Cb > 0.013 G/L). The sweat patch test provides an objective index of drinking behavior with potential applications in clinical practice and research.
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