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Biomedical subjects

M Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to M Phillips.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Off-vertical rotation produces conditioned taste aversion and suppressed drinking in mice.

The effects of off-vertical rotation upon the intake of tap water immediately after rotation, and upon conditioned taste aversion, were assessed in mice with the tilt of the rotation axis varying from 5 to 20 degrees from the earth-vertical. Conditioned taste aversion occurred in all mice that were rotated, but the intake of tap water was suppressed only in mice that were rotated at 15 or 20 degrees of tilt. The greater suppression of tap water intake and the stronger conditioned aversion in the mouse as the angle of tilt was increased in this experiment are consistent with predictions from similar experiments with human subjects where motion sickness develops more rapidly as the angle of tilt is increased. It was suggested that off-vertical rotation may be a useful procedure for insuring experimental control over vestibular stimulation in animal studies of motion sickness.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lipopolysaccharides of the Heddleston serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from 13 of the 16 Heddleston serotypes of Pasteurella multocida by phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP). Serotypes 3, 9, and 13 were extracted only by phenol-water (PW). After extraction of LPS of serotype 9 by PW, an additional LPS was isolated by PCP. All LPS contained glucose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, and heptose. Two isomers of heptose, D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, were found in serotypes 2 and 5. Antisera made against purified LPS of serotypes 2 and 5 reacted with both heat-stable antigens and LPS from serotypes 2 and 5 in the gel-diffusion precipitin test. Antisera against serotype 2 LPS protected turkeys against challenge with capsulated serotype 5, indicating that a structural relationship exists between LPS of strains that cause hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera. Rhamnose was a component of serotype 9 LPS, and galactose was found in all LPS, except for serotype 11. The LPS of serotype 13 contained an isomer of heptose that has not been identified. The LPS had buoyant densities in CsCl of 1.40 +/- 0.0148 g/ml, and all hemagglutinated chicken and turkey, but not sheep or horse, RBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Diuretics.

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Diuretics↗
PubMed1983

Arterial anastomoses and autogenous interposition grafts in growing rats.

The fate of arterial interposition grafts in growing rats was investigated. The interrupted- and continuous-suture techniques were compared to see which allowed for better expansion of the anastomosis. We found that a graft enlarges in proportion to the growth of the parent vessel, that in end-to-end anastomosis the interrupted suture technique allowed for better expansion of the anastomosis (but not in the end-to-side model), and that the continuous suture technique was associated with a higher rate of false aneurysm formation.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1983

Mutations in humans and animals which affect copper metabolism.

Various inherited disorders of copper metabolism in man and animals are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the use of cultured cells from mutants to determine the primary molecular defects and to acquire basic knowledge of normal copper metabolism. This allows better diagnostic tests and possible treatment of the disorders. Menkes' disease in humans and mottled mouse mutants are discussed in detail, as they illustrate these approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects on psychological performance of the benzodiazepine, loprazolam, alone and with alcohol.

The effects of a new 1,4 benzodiazepine hypnotic, loprazolam (1.0 mg) and alcohol (0.7 g/kg body weight) were investigated over a 15 h period in eight healthy male medical students, in a placebo controlled balanced design. Loprazolam when given alone impaired performance on a manual dexterity task, on a test of mental arithmetic, on a tracking task and it impaired memory as judged by the name and address memory test. Given alone, alcohol impaired performance on the simple reaction time task and on the tracking task. Performance on the memory test and choice reaction time test actually improved. No evidence was found suggesting a potentiation of effect when loprazolam and alcohol were given together. However, (a) on the manual dexterity task the alcohol, having no effect on its own, alleviated the loprazolam-induced impairment. (b) In the tracking task both alcohol and loprazolam impaired performance when given alone but not when given together. (c) The memory test was impaired by loprazolam, improved by alcohol and the effect of the combination is the expected sum of the two effects. Similarly for the arithmetic task the effect of the combination of the alcohol and loprazolam effects is the expected sum of the independent effects. The bulk of the evidence on the interaction suggests that alcohol mitigates the effects of loprazolam. In no sense could the drug be said to be having a sobering influence.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1983

Rapid degradation of disulfiram by serum albumin.

Interaction of disulfiram (DSF, tetraethylthiuram disulfide) with human plasma and albumin was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Incubation of DSF with plasma resulted in a rapid reduction of the parent drug into diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). At initial stages of incubation about one half of DDC in the reaction mixture was bound to protein. On further incubation, concentration of protein-bound DDC exceeded the concentration of free DDC. Similar results were obtained when DSF was incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) indicating that albumin is the major component of human plasma involved in the reduction of DSF. These data have implications both for the laboratory assay of DSF in human plasma and for the therapeutic use of the drug. When assaying the drug in plasma or serum, DSF standards prepared in protein solution for calibration should take into account the distribution of DSF into the parent drug and its derivatives in a time and protein concentration dependent manner. In a clinical setting, patients with a low serum albumin concentration might require small doses of DSF to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect.

Disulfiram↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of 80S ribosomes from spores of Aspergillus fumigatus and their antigenicity in rabbits.

Ribosomes were obtained from spores of Aspergillus fumigatus by mechanical disruption and differential centrifugation. The initial preparation (crude ribosomes) contained spore components which appeared to be broken fragments of plasmalemma with or without organelles. Purified ribosomes free of membranous material were prepared by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Monomeric 80S ribosomes consisting of 40% protein and 60% RNA, and morphologically characteristic of fungal ribosomes were isolated. Serological reactions in sera from rabbits with crude or purified ribosomes were similar indicating that the purification process did not change or eliminate antigens that stimulated antibody detectable either by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) or in gel precipitin tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Suppression of interstitial nephritis by auto-anti-idiotypic immunity.

Rats immunized with renal tubular antigens were protected from the development of interstitial nephritis by pretreatment with tubular antigen-reactive T lymphoblasts. Protected animals developed anti-idiotypic antibodies against idiotypes primarily within the antigen-binding region of monoclonal antitubular basement membrane antibodies. These studies extend the concept of auto-anti-idiotypic regulation to autoimmune disease, and they also provide an experimental basis for further efforts to develop biologically relevant mechanisms for attenuating the expression of other kidney diseases.

Animals↗