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Biomedical subjects

M Payne

Publications and source records attributed to M Payne.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Differential patterns of memory loss among patients with Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome.

Patients with Huntington's disease (HD), alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared with normal control subjects on a task designed to assess recognition memory for different classes of stimuli: spatial, verbal, color, pattern, and facial. In addition, recall of verbal stimuli was assessed at two delay intervals. On recognition testing, AD and KS patients were impaired on each of the five stimulus conditions. However, HD patients, though impaired on four of the recognition conditions, were unimpaired when verbal stimuli were used. On recall testing, the AD, HD, and KS groups were equally impaired at the shorter delay (15 s). However, at the longer delay (two minutes), the KS and HD patients, though still impaired relative to the normal control group, performed significantly better than the AD group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Paralexic errors in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.

Paralexic speech errors were examined during the oral reading of sentences for 12 right-handed adults, including four Broca's aphasics, four Wernicke's aphasics and four patients with unilateral right-hemisphere lesions. A category system of error types was developed, and 129 errors were analyzed in terms of identifiable linguistic components, operating in isolation as well as interactively. The two aphasic groups produced a variety of errors, whereas the right-hemisphere group produced very few in number and type. Broca's aphasics committed more morphological errors than did Wernicke's aphasics, whereas Wernicke's aphasics committed more graphophonemic-neologistic errors than did Broca's.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1985

Identification of mitochondrial genes in Trypanosoma brucei and homology to cytochrome c oxidase II in two different reading frames.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3.3 kilobase segment of the kDNA maxicircle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei 164. The nucleotide sequence and its predicted translated sequence have homology to cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II (CO I and II) and mammalian unidentified reading frame 1 (URF 1). Amino acid homology to CO II extends for 170 residues from the amino terminus in one reading frame and then continues in another reading frame for 39 residues to the carboxyl terminus. Similar results have been obtained for Leishmania tarentolae [de la Cruz, V.F., Neckelmann, N. and Simpson, L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem., in press] and T. brucei 427 [Hensgens, L.A.M., Brackenhoff, J., De Vries, B.F., Sloof, P., Tromp, M.C., Van Boom, J.H. and Benne, R. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 7327-7344]. This may indicate that novel events are required for expression of this gene. Amino acid homology to URF 1 exists predominantly at the amino terminal end although no corresponding AUG codon occurs in this area. An alternative initiation codon may therefore be utilized by trypanosome mitochondria. Two other open reading frames (ORFs) were detected and these are discussed with reference to transcripts from this region. ORFs corresponding to transcripts are organized compactly and are distributed more equally on both strands compared to ORFs of other mitochondrial systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Dissociations between skill learning and verbal recognition in amnesia and dementia.

Patients with Huntington's disease (HD), patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome, and normal control subjects were compared on tests of skill learning (mirror reading) and verbal recognition. Like previously reported results, the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome acquired the mirror-reading skill at a normal rate but were severely impaired in their recognition of the words used on the mirror-reading task. In contrast to the amnesic patients, the demented patients with HD were retarded in their ability to acquire this skill but showed normal verbal recognition. Besides emphasizing substantial differences in the anterograde substantial differences in the anterograde memory disorders of these two patient populations, the results suggest that the memory disorder of patients with HD may appear much more severe when recall rather than recognition test paradigms are employed. This failure of recall by the patients with HD may be due to an inability to generate strategies necessary to search their short- and long-term memories.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1984

MAP2 is localized to the dendrites of hippocampal neurons which develop in culture.

The distribution of the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 in cultured hippocampal neurons was studied using immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. MAP2 was preferentially localized to dendritic, but not axonal, processes even in single isolated cells which developed without making intercellular contacts. Hence regional differences in the molecular composition of the neuronal cytoskeleton can develop independently of cell interactions. The presence of MAP2 may be a useful marker for identifying dendrites in cell culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Acute calcific quadriceps tendinitis.

Acute calcific quadriceps tendinitis can be the cause of acute periarthritis of the knee. Physical examination can detect cellulitis and a tender tendon sheath. Lateral roentgenograms of soft tissues show thickening of the tendon and sometimes small flecks of amorphous calcification within the body of the tendon near the attachment. Although hyperostosis of the patella near the tendon attachment is often present, it is well defined ossification and not associated with the acute symptoms. The amorphous calcium deposits quickly disappear during the acute tendinitis and are not detected on follow-up radiologic examination.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A radicular dens invaginatus.

A case of the radicular type of dens invaginatus involving a mandibular third molar is reported. The clinical presentation and histopathology are described and the development and significance of such lesions discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical function and fear of falling after hip fracture rehabilitation in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical function and fall-related self-efficacy in older patients with a hip fracture who are undergoing an intensive rehabilitation program. DESIGN: We used a prospective cohort study over 12 mo to determine the effect of a specialized hip fracture rehabilitation program in a geriatric hospital on physical function and fear of falling. Fifty-six patients were admitted consecutively from acute care. Physical function was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure, and fall-related self-efficacy was measured using two scales: the Falls-Efficacy scale and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale. We also used the Vitality scale to measure quality of life. All measures, represented by change scores, were determined at the beginning and end of the patients' rehabilitation programs. RESULTS: Significant improvement in physical function and fall self-efficacy was observed. The Vitality scale was also improved after rehabilitation. The Falls-Efficacy scale appeared to be more sensitive to change than the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale, whereas no correlation was found between changes in the fall-related self-efficacy measures and the Functional Independence Measure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may represent a discrepancy between attention of the rehabilitation program on functional outcomes and less emphasis on confidence building behaviors. Restrictions in function from a fear of falling may negate any gains made through rehabilitation, and this could limit the long-term success of these programs and patient outcomes after hip fracture.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous infusion epidural anesthesia during labor: a randomized, double-blind comparison of 0.0625% bupivacaine/0.002% butorphanol and 0.125% bupivacaine.

The efficacy of pain relief and the maternal and neonatal effects of continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% bupivacaine/0.002% butorphanol was compared with the infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine alone in a randomized, double-blind study of 32 women in labor. A test dose of 2 ml 0.5% bupivacaine was given to every patient and followed by two epidural regimens in randomized, double-blind manner. Group B-B (bupivacaine/butorphanol) patients received 7.5 ml 0.125% bupivacaine plus 1 mg butorphanol (0.5 ml) followed by an infusion of 0.0625% bupivacaine/0.002% butorphanol at a rate of 12 ml/hour; Group B (bupivacaine alone) patients received 8 ml 0.25% bupivacaine followed by an infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine at a rate of 12 ml/hour. A bolus of 5 ml 0.125% bupivacaine or 0.0625% bupivacaine was given to Group B or B-B, respectively, if additional pain relief was required. Infusion of B-B combination resulted in similar pain relief and fewer patients with motor block than bupivacaine alone; 12% versus 38% in Groups B-B and B, respectively, had motor weakness. A smaller dose of bupivacaine was used in the B-B group compared to the B group; 71 +/- 14 versus 99 +/- 13 mg (mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.05). Progress of labor and the mode of delivery did not differ significantly between the two groups. All infants were vigorous and had normal acid-base status and neurologic adaptive capacity scores. Butorphanol appears to be useful as an adjunct to epidural bupivacaine for continuous epidural infusion during labor without adversely affecting the mother or the neonate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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