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Biomedical subjects

M Payne

Publications and source records attributed to M Payne.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Comparison of speed of onset of analgesic effect of diamorphine and morphine.

In a random, double-blind crossover trial using an ischaemic limb pain model we have assessed the speed of onset of analgesia after an i.v. bolus of equipotent doses of diamorphine and morphine in 12 healthy male volunteers. Pain and its subsequent relief were assessed by means of a visual analogue scale. Two of the subjects found diamorphine acted quicker than morphine, one found no difference and nine found that morphine was quicker than diamorphine. The mean time to diamorphine effect was 53% greater than for morphine (P less than 0.005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). These findings suggest that, for rapid relief of pain, morphine is more suitable than diamorphine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Continuous intravenous infusion of morphine for severe dyspnea.

We describe eight patients who had terminal lung cancer causing severe dyspnea unrelieved by oxygen, nonnarcotic drugs, or intermittent bolus narcotics. We treated these patients with continuous intravenous infusion of morphine, beginning with bolus IV injections of 1 or 2 mg of morphine every 5 to 10 minutes until the patient reported relief. A continuous morphine infusion was then started, with the hourly dose equal to 50% of the cumulative bolus dose. Vital signs, degree of sedation, and blood gases were serially followed. Six patients achieved good dyspnea relief, one had moderate relief, and one had a poor response. Variable changes were noted in the PaO2, whereas PaCO2 steadily increased in five of seven patients, and pH decreased in six. There was little change in systolic blood pressure or pulse, and only one individual had less than 10 respirations per minute. The major side effect of treatment was sedation, treated by temporarily discontinuing morphine until the patients' mental status improved and then restarting the infusion at a 50% lower hourly morphine dose. Mean time of study was 30 hours (range 16 to 87 hours). Seven of the eight study patients died during treatment. Whether morphine therapy shortened survival is uncertain. We conclude that continuous morphine infusion is effective therapy for severe dyspnea. The treatment is ethically justified. Relief of suffering is the primary goal of therapy, and less risky treatments are unavailable.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic retrograde brush cytology. A new technique.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been shown to be a very valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of malignancy involving the biliary and/or pancreatic ductal system. However, characteristic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography radiographic findings associated with malignant strictures are frequently not specific and cytological confirmation becomes essential for the diagnosis. Unfortunately, the current overall diagnostic yield of positive cytology in such circumstances ranges from 18%-56% depending on the technique. A new brush device has been designed which is uniquely adapted to pancreaticobiliary strictures of varying anatomical configurations. This study shows results using this new cytology brush in a series of 53 patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancy. A significant improvement in the cytological yield of tumor confirmation was obtained with a diagnostic sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100% using the new brush technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Causal attributions for unemployment in Barbados.

The importance of various explanations for unemployment in their country was rated by 468 predominantly young people from the Caribbean island of Barbados. The twenty explanations provided, which were taken from other studies, showed a clear structure. The six factors that emerged from them were lack of effort on the part of the unemployed, lack of ability, failure of trade unions, effects of government policy, regional and world-wide changes, and poor industrial management. Endorsement of these explanations was related to sex, age, and education, but was not related very clearly to employment status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic origins of 5-hydroxytryptamine in enteric neurons in a teleostean fish (Platycephalus bassensis), a toad (Bufo marinus) and the guinea-pig.

1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and synthesis in mucosa-free intestine of guinea-pig, the teleost Platycephalus bassensis and the amphibian Bufo marinus was studied by HPLC with electrochemical detection or by TLC. 2. The 5-HT content of small intestine was: guinea-pig 0.58; Bufo: 1.23; Platycephalus: 26.88 nmol/g. 3. Intestine from each species synthesized 5-HT from exogenous 5-HTP. 4. Platycephalus preparations synthesized labelled 5-HT from 14C-tryptophan, but no labelled 5-HT was detected after similar incubation of guinea-pig or Bufo preparations. 5. Incubation of guinea-pig preparations with tryptophan did not increase tissue 5-HT or 5-HIAA content. 6. 5-HT in Platycephalus enteric neurons may be synthesized from tryptophan in situ; 5-HT in Bufo and guinea-pig neurons may be synthesized elsewhere, perhaps in enterochromaffin cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Odontogenic keratocyst of the maxilla: a diagnostic problem.

A case is reported of an 11-year-old boy with a space-occupying lesion in the left maxilla: the radiographic appearances were consistent with either fibrous dysplasia or an adenomatoid odontogenic tumour but the histology proved it to be an odontogenic keratocyst.

Child↗
PubMed1989

A novel panoramic artefact.

A case is presented of a phantom tooth in the anterior maxilla on a panoramic radiograph which proved to be an artefact due to poor positioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Incorporation of grass silage, whole cereal grains, cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment.

The growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. Poor quality grass silage (pH 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g DM/day of a supplementary concentrate. Rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. Rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize or 667 g/kg sorghum showed improved daily liveweight gains (22.6 g) over rabbits fed whole grains and pelleted supplements (19.4 g) in an experiment lasting 40 days. In a second experiment there were no significant effects of pelleting or type of cereal on liveweight gain or feed conversion ratio. Pelleting significantly improved crude protein digestibility of diets whilst maize diets were superior in DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities. The inclusion of cottonseed meal containing 700 mg/kg free gossypol in diets at levels of 150 and 300 g/kg did not affect growth rate or feed conversion in rabbits weighing 0.92 kg initially. These diets contained up to 364 g/kg cassava suggesting that this ingredient can be used in rabbit diets as an energy source in replacement for whole grains.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Yersinia enterocolitica and Crohn's disease. A case report.

A case of simultaneous infection with Yersinia enterocolitica and Crohn's disease is described. Only 1 similar case has been reported. The similarities between the two conditions and the differentiating features are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Variation of G-rich mitochondrial transcripts among stocks of Trypanosoma brucei.

We have compared maxicircle transcripts from eight stocks of subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. Transcripts from the rRNA and protein genes have a constant size among stocks and exhibit only minor variation in abundance. In contrast, four of the G+C rich sequences encode multiple transcripts that very markedly in size or abundance. Maxicircle nucleotide sequence comparison of three stocks shows very limited sequence divergence suggesting that sequence divergence may not explain the transcript variability. These results suggest that the G-rich transcripts do not encode proteins and that their variability among stocks may result from posttranscriptional processing events.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Angiomyolipoma of the liver.

The radiological features of a case of angiomyolipoma of the liver are reported. A review of the literature has shown this to be a rare benign tumour. The lesion falls within the broad spectrum of lipomatous liver tumours. The angiomyolipoma was shown to be a well defined, fat-density mass on computed tomography. The mass was echogenic, with a sharp margin, on ultrasound. Angiography showed the lesion to be vascular. The preoperative diagnosis of a lipomatous tumour was therefore possible.

Adult↗