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Biomedical subjects

M Pavlovic

Publications and source records attributed to M Pavlovic.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The importance of choice of anaesthetics in studying radiation effects in the 9L rat glioma.

In the present study we demonstrate that the glycolysis of the tumour 9L glioma, in vivo, may be manipulated with ketamine/xylazine combinations of anaesthetics. Xylazine alone or in combination with ketamine causes hyperglycaemia which is enhanced by glucose injections. Intracellular tumour pH is acidified when glucose is administered with ketamine/xylazine. However, the combination of inorganic phosphate and insulin with ketamine/xylazine and glucose caused an alkaline shift in the tumour pH as measured by 31P NMR. The anaesthetic combination of ketamine/acepromazine did not produce alterations in blood glucose or in tumour pH status as detected by 31P NMR spectroscopy. These results demonstrate dramatic effects of ketamine/xylazine on the acidification or alkalinisation of the cells of 9L glioma. These altered metabolic states are of potential therapeutic importance. The choice of xylazine alone would be useful for chemotherapy and hyperthermia modalities, both known to be dependent upon glucose metabolism and resultant acidification.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1996

Changes of glycoprotein patterns in sera of humans under stress.

Stress exhibits adverse effects on many vital processes in which glycoproteins play a significant role(e.g. cell-cell/matrix interactions, immune response, neoplastic growth, implantation, prenatal development), yet only scarce attention has been directed towards studying stress induced changes in glycoprotein patterns. Using SDS-electrophoresis, blotting and digoxigenin-labelled lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, Datura stramonium agglutinin, Maackia amurensis agglutinin and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin),sera were analysed from 30 individuals chosen randomly from a severely stressed population of 309 male volunteers with no specific medical symptoms. Significant changes were found in glycoprotein pattern and content, compared with healthy controls of matching age and sex. Occasionally minor non-specific deviations from the reference values for several analytes (haemoglobin, glucose, bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase) were detected in the tested group, but glycoprotein GP4S (Mr = 45 000), detected by Datura stramonium agglutinin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin, appeared in 96.7% of samples of the stressed population. The same population also revealed an approximately 500-fold increase of GP37 in comparison with the control sera. These results suggest that stress, as a non-specific syndrome, induces specific biochemical changes, which could be of diagnostic relevance as risk makers before any more serious symptoms of stress-related consequences have developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Chronic renal insufficiency].

The authors submit a review on the etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of chronic renal insufficiency. They emphasize the fact that based on pathogenetic ideas it proved possible to influence the majority of pathological processes: retention and deficiency of substances as well as impaired regulation. After introduction of treatment, using erythropoietin, calcitriol as well as due to advances in the technique and quality of dialysis treatment, the patients' quality of life improved substantially. The authors draw attention also to the danger of accumulation of some drugs in renal insufficiency and its development.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Classification of patients with acute myocardial infarct].

Stratification of patients after myocardial infarction by a scale of non-invasive examinations--Holter monitoring, early ergometry, examination of late ventricular potentials, heart rate variability, echocardiography, monitoring of haemodynamic parameters by means of electric bioimpedance, clinical state monitoring, evaluation of MI localisation, and the age of the patients enable a sufficiently accurate assessment of residual myocardial ischaemia, and to reveal electrical instability and dysfunction of myocardium. The signs detected in this way enable, after mathematical analysis of the results, to assess the degree of risk in individual patients, and to evaluate accurately the defined groups (men, women) regarding the prognosis. These relatively simple examinations help to identify the patients whose states require coronarographic examination or revascularization intervention, or on the contrary, to select those patients who may return to their occupation without major risk of re-infarction and sudden death. (Tab. 3, Fig. 7, Ref. 52.)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Anti-tyrosinase antibodies participate in the immune response to vaccination with anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen.

Seven patients with metastatic melanoma were vaccinated with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23 which mimics the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW MAA). Sera samples were assayed for anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies, by Ab1-Ab2 complex inhibition test, for anti-B16 epitope antibodies, which are a heterogeneous group against various antigens presented on B16 melanoma cells and for anti-tyrosinase antibodies, which are specific against tyrosinase. Our results pointed to the participation of anti-tyrosinase antibodies in the immune response to vaccination by anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking the HMW MAA. The anti-tyrosinase antibody kinetic curves presented an initial increase in titres in five cases followed by decreasing titres; in two cases a constant decrease was noted. The inhibition assay demonstrated an increasing percentage of inhibition (range 17-100%) within 100-400 days of treatment. The titre of the anti-tyrosinase antibodies increased following the vaccination, then decreased--probably due to absorption of the antibodies to melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. A positive slope in the percentage of inhibition was roughly associated with a negative slope of anti-tyrosinase antibodies. In one case, a long-standing complete clinical response was accompanied by development of melanoma-associated hypopigmentation. Anti-B16 epitope antibodies had no role in the response to vaccination. The development of anti-tyrosinase antibodies in response to vaccination by anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking another antigen may be explained by induction of non-specific polyclonal B lymphocytes activation, a well-recognized phenomenon in autoimmune disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1995

[Endomyocardial biopsy in cardiopathy of unknown origin].

The authors described their experiences with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in 21 adult patients aged from 18 to 59 years with the preliminary diagnosis of cardiopathy of uncertain origin (CPUO). Their definition of CPUO is as symptoms and/or findings of cardiac disease, which cannot be exactly identify using even complex clinical and noninvasive cardiological diagnostic procedures. Diagnostic value of EMB was substantial in two of their patients (in one hypereosinophilia of myocardium, and in another amyloidosis), non specific results were found in 18 patients, and 1 patient had normal pattern of the biopsy. EMB is useful and safe clinical diagnostic procedure in exactly defined groups of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Variations in histologic and ultrastructural findings in renal glomerular biopsies].

On the basis of 506 renal biopsies performed within a six-year period (237 of which were evaluated electron-microscopically) the authors discovered that in 11 cases the diagnosis based on electron microscopic examination had to be corrected or supplemented by the diagnostic statement of membranous glomerulonephritis. These cases included 1 boy (HBsAg positive), 2 men and 8 women were middle aged. 5 women were treated due to polyarthritis. All cases when examined light-microscopically yielded a pattern evaluated as normal, or as minute abnormalities of glomeruli. Half-thick sections were not sufficient for the diagnosis. 3 cases of biopsies yielded a variously developed chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, two cases were accompanied with polyarthritis. On the basis of the latter the authors consider the electron microscopic examination as indicated: 1. in cases when the diagnosis statement is not achieved by other examinations, 2. findings are in the range of the so-called variable norm, 3. in all cases of minute abnormalities in glomeruli detected without electron microscopy, 4. the impact of any of effective drugs cannot be excluded, 5. the diagnostic conclusion based on renal biopsy and the clinical-laboratory pattern of the disease are inconsistent. The authors assume that especially the fourth and fifth groups are going to be gradually supplemented and made more precise. (Fig. 1, Ref. 5.).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Secondary inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and non specific bronchial reactivity].

Bronchial reactivity to methacholine was examined in three groups of smokers (N = 93): subjects with secondary inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (TPI) 2 years after the beginning of treatment (N = 44); subjects with asymptomatic chronic bronchitis (N = 25) and healthy control (N = 24). Mean PC20FEV1 was 9.54 (SD 6.05), 11.12 (SD 5.42) and 13.74 (SD 4.7) respectively (tuberculosis vs control, p < 0.02). According to the arbitrary criteria for bronchial asthma, nonspecific hyperreactivity was present in 50% of subjects with TPI, in 37.5% of bronchitic patients and in 16% of control subjects. No difference was found with regard to PC20FEV1, the chemotherapeutic regimen (9 or 12 months of therapy), results of tuberculin test (normo and hyperreactive) and X-ray findings determined before the onset of treatment. Mahalanobis statistical analysis with respect to smoking index, basal ventilatory function tests and nonspecific bronchial reactivity grouped together healthy volunteers and subjects with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis apart from the group with asymptomatic chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Minor glomerular abnormalities in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis].

The authors examined consecutive renal biopsies from 43 patients with minor glomerular abnormalities and from 35 patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (in the least affected glomeruli). The findings were evaluated according to WHO criteria of minor abnormalities. They found that significantly more frequently lipid drops were found in minor abnormalities (6:0), as well as changes in the capillaries of glomeruli (breakdown 1:7), wrinkling (15:29-highly significant even after correction of p)) in tubulointerstitial nephritis. The incidence in another 15 compared indicators there was not significantly different. With regard to the assembled results the authors consider the morphological finding of minor glomerular abnormalities as non-specific changes, and adaptational glomerular changes in response to various noxious substances. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate purely morphological findings of minor abnormalities carefully and in a differentiated manner, in particular in conjunction with treatment.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Revascularization procedures on coronary vessels. Development of techniques, indications and results].

Hitherto assembled experience indicates that the principles and immediate results of surgical and reconstructive intervention surgery of coronary arteries are very close and similar. Criteria of indication and technical possibilities in both these areas are developing and improving steadily. Accurate definition of the optimal use of these techniques does not exist so far. At present several perspective investigations are under way and they could provide within the next few months an answer and define the areas of these two basic reconstruction operations of the coronary arteries. Regardless of that the two methods are nowadays already a routine procedure in the care of patients with coronary disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance imaging in adults presenting with severe acute infectious cellulitis.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Early categorization of some acute soft-tissue infections, such as severe infectious cellulitis (IC) without or with secondary abscess formation, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) or pyomyositis, is frequently difficult. The first one requires only medical treatment, the remaining ones require either surgery or closed drainage. To determine the presence and the extent of these infections early, we have prospectively studied the value of magnetic resonance imaging in patients admitted for IC with local or general criteria of severity. Images were analyzed on a blind basis. Definite diagnosis was obtained by reviewing clinical records and, in most patients, the results of an invasive procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (56 +/- 23 years old) were included in this study. Among them, 13 received gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepenta-acetic acid intravenously. The final diagnosis was pyomyositis (five patients), NF (three patients), or IC with (seven patients) or without (11 patients) subcutaneous abscess. Images specific for these diseases were best outlined with T2-weighted sequences. In patients with pyomyositis or subcutaneous abscess(es), we observed spindle-shaped or round, well-defined areas of high signal intensity within the muscles or subcutis, respectively. Patients with NF exhibited numerous homogeneous, well-defined dome-shaped areas of hypersignal in the deep hypodermis. In patients with uncomplicated IC, these dome-shaped areas of hypersignal appeared ill-defined, heterogeneous, smaller, thinner, and less numerous than those in patients with NF. CONCLUSIONS: In patients presenting severe IC, magnetic resonance imaging provided an early clue in the diagnosis of pyomyositis, NF, and abscess-complicated IC. By precisely defining the extent of these infections, it helped to plan surgical treatment.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Dysfunction of valvular prostheses].

Implantation of artificial mechanic valvular prostheses significantly improves and prolong the life of patients with valvular defects with a haemodynamic impact. This therapeutic method does not cure the patients and operation switches the problem of a natural dysfunctional valve to that of a functional artificial valve with improvement of the quality of life and its prolongation. The long-term effect and thus the general prognosis--the patient's "fate" depends above all on complications such as infections and haemocoagulation which are the main cause of dysfunction of artificial prostheses. The authors describe in the submitted paper basic principles of prevention of these undesirable events and decisive steps which must be taken to ensure a rapid and accurate diagnosis of imminent of already developed dysfunction of the prosthesis and its solution under the given conditions.

Heart Valve Prosthesis↗
PubMed1992

Rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Transcription in rat Kupffer cells and in vitro posttranslational processing based on a PCR-derived cDNA.

A DNA fragment with a reading frame of 708 basepairs coding for TNF-alpha from rat liver was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction. Using this species-specific cDNA a biotin-labelled antisense (-)RNA was transcribed. This probe was used for Northern blot analysis of TNF-alpha gene activation. Exposure of rat Kupffer cells to LPS led to a time-dependent change of TNF-alpha-mRNA expression with a maximum between one and two hours after stimulation. In vitro translation was carried out with sense (+)RNA in the presence of microsomes. SDS gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated proteins revealed the formation of polypeptides with estimated molar masses of 26 and 17 kDa. They correspond to the estimated molar masses of a precursor of TNF-alpha encoded by the entire reading frame and of the mature form of TNF-alpha, respectively. A sequence of the cDNA assumed to code for the leader peptide was deleted and the remainder used for the construction of an expression plasmid. Using this construct, biologically active mature TNF-alpha was expressed in E. coli (10(6) units TNF-alpha per liter of culture medium). The propeptide as well as the biologically active TNF-alpha possess a homology of 92 and 76% to mouse and human TNF-alpha, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Coeliac disease and collagenous colitis.

A thirteen and a half year old girl and her father were both investigated because of chronic watery diarrhoea and growth failure or weight loss. Both were diagnosed as having coeliac disease. In the daughter, collagenous colitis was also diagnosed. The father had colonic collagen deposition with inflammatory changes as well. Both improved on gluten-free diets, but colonic collagen deposition persisted.

Adolescent↗