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Biomedical subjects

M Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to M Patterson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Simultaneous plasma carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies.

A comparative bioavailability study of carbamazepine (CBZ) in tablets and a syrup preparation was carried out in six volunteers, using a crossover design. Plasma and saliva samples were collected at appropriate times, and the plasma specimens were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for concentrations of CBZ and its epoxide metabolite (CBZ-EP). Analysis of the data showed that the preparations were equally bioavailable, although absorption was faster from the syrup and gave higher maximum plasma levels of CBZ. In other respects the preparations were pharmacokinetically equivalent. Analysis of simultaneous plasma CBZ and CBZ-EP concentration-time data by iterative curve fitting to a one-compartment linear model permitted the calculation of elimination kinetic parameters of the CBZ-EP; the mean elimination half-life was 6.9 +/- 2.7 h. Failure of the salivary CBZ concentrations soon after drug intake to correlate with simultaneous plasma CBZ levels rendered the salivary data useless for bioavailability comparison, but prompted a further study of salivary CBZ levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Extent of urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenytoin in healthy subjects given phenytoin.

Urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenytoin and its glucuronide conjugate was measured in eight healthy young adults in a comparative bioavailability study of oral sodium phenytoin (approximately 5 mg/kg/dose). Among these subjects the percentage of the phenytoin dose converted to p-hydroxyphenytoin and appearing in urine was relatively similar (mean 79%, range 67-88%). The great majority of the p-hydroxyphenytoin appeared in urine as conjugates; only 1.4-3.4% of the excreted p-hydroxyphenytoin was in the form of unconjugated metabolite. The proportion of a single phenytoin dose excreted in urine as p-hydroxyphenytoin or its conjugate increased from the first dose (mean +/- SD) 74.9 +/- 4.6% to the second dose, given 2 weeks later 79.3 +/- 4.6% (p less than 0.05). This finding suggests that autoinduction of phenytoin metabolism may occur after relatively brief exposure to the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Irritable bowel syndrome: treatment update.

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome may be classified as "psychologic reactors," "food reactors" or "mixed reactors." The management approach is tailored to the reactive pattern. Education and reassurance are paramount in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Psychologic reactors may benefit from antidepressant therapy, psychotherapy, relaxation training and biofeedback. Eliminating offending foods from the diet may provide relief in food reactors. Regular exercise may be especially salutary in patients with constipation.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1984

Effects of preparation-H on wound healing in the rectum of man.

The wound-healing property of Preparation-H, a widely used over-the-counter hemorrhoidal product was investigated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Artificial ulcers were created in the rectum of 12 healthy male volunteers and the size of these ulcers followed until complete healing by visual examination on days 4, 8, 15, and 22. There were two groups of patients, one using placebo suppositories (placebo group) and another using Preparation-H (Preparation-H group). On day 8, biopsies were obtained from the edge of the ulcer in both groups to assess histological healing. On day 15, all the five subjects in the Preparation-H group had achieved complete healing of their rectal lesion, whereas only three of six subjects in the placebo group had done so. Although the difference in healing does not achieve statistical significance, it may be that with larger numbers of patients, Preparation-H could be shown to increase the rate of wound healing in artificially created rectal ulcers in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Human embryonic zeta-globin chains in adult patients with alpha-thalassemias.

Human embryonic zeta-globin chains are alpha-globin-like chains that are normally present during the first three months of gestation. In this investigation, zeta-globin chains measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay and by an electrophoretic technique were found to be present in all 7 patients studied with hereditary Hb H disease, and in 8 out of 24 patients with alpha-thalassemia trait. zeta-Globin chains were not detected in 20 other patients with beta-thalassemia trait. These results suggest that the deletion of two alpha-globin genes on the same chromosome is accompanied by the continued expression of embryonic zeta-globin genes in adult individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Granular cell myoblastoma of the esophagus.

Granular cell myoblastoma, a rare, but generally benign tumor, is being encountered with increasing frequency in the digestive tract. Seventy-two cases have been described in the esophagus; we report two additional cases. A follow-up, available in 13 patients (including ours), reveals a low likelihood of malignant transformation or recurrence after surgical removal. Guidelines for the management of these tumors are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Endoscopic prognosis in gastric cancer.

Sixty-eight patients with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 1968 to 1975. Tumors were divided into two categories according to their gross characteristics at endoscopy (mass-ulcer or infiltrative), to try to correlate gross morphology and stage at presentation with survival. The median survival in the mass-ulcer group was 31 months, in the infiltrative group, 4.7 months. Mucosal biopsies were positive in 88% of the mass-ulcer group and in 64% of the infiltrative group. Ninety-four percent of patients with infiltrative lesions had stage III or IV disease (regional lymphatic or distant metastasis) at the time of diagnosis, compared to only 55% of the mass-ulcer patients. Endoscopic features consistent with an infiltrating tumor suggest an advanced stage of tumor with a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Achalasia secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Achalasia of the esophagus can result from adenocarcinoma of the stomach or from other tumors that originate in organs adjacent to the esophagus. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report achalasia secondary to an hepatic neoplasm. Our patient had typical clinical, radiographic, and manometric features of achalasia with no evidence of direct tumor involvement of the esophagus on barium swallow, computed tomography, angiography, or endoscopy.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1983

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension: a correlation of endoscopic findings with etiology.

Esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. In addition, it is now recognized that patients with alcohol-induced chronic liver disease and portal hypertension frequently bleed from acute mucosal lesions. Since alcohol can cause these lesions in the absence of portal hypertension, we evaluated 28 episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension who did not consume alcohol. Varices were the source of blood loss in 86% of our cases, and no bleeding episodes were attributable to acute mucosal lesions. Acute mucosal lesions, therefore, appear to be uncommon causes of bleeding in nonalcoholic patients with portal hypertension.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Ingested foreign material in mentally disturbed patients.

Advances in endoscopic technology and its enthusiastic clinical application have resulted in the capability of retrieving most ingested foreign objects from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Although endoscopic removal of foreign bodies is generally safe, it is not always clearly indicated. Foreign bodies in the esophagus usually require prompt intervention. In contrast, objects are frequently retained in the gastric lumen for long periods without adverse consequences. Psychotic or demented patients are a major adult group at risk for foreign body ingestion. Because endoscopy in this group often carries additional risks, and since smooth objects are usually well tolerated in the stomach for long periods, we recommend a conservative approach in this circumstance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adult hemoglobins are synthesized in murine fetal hepatic erythropoietic cells.

The hemoglobins present in murine fetal hepatic erythroblasts on days 12-15 of gestation were studied by biochemical and immunocytologic techniques. In addition, fetal hepatic hemopoietic progenitor cells obtained from normal and mutant f/f mouse fetuses on days 11-13 of gestation were cultured in vitro with added erythropoietin and adult spleen cell conditioned medium to form large erythroid colonies. In all instances, adult hemoglobin synthesis was detected in the fetal hepatic erythroblasts and in the erythroid cell cultures in vitro. The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, enhanced the fetal hepatic erythroid colony growth in vitro, but did not alter the hemoglobin phenotypic expression.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Immunoblastic lymphoma of small intestine complicating late-onset immunodeficiency.

A malignant lymphoma of the small bowel developed in a 75-year-old woman who had severe late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia with intestinal malabsorption and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. The tumor arose in the midst of the abnormal lymphoid follicles and appeared to be of B-immunoblastic type. Immunoperoxidase staining, however, failed to reveal immunoglobulins in the tumor cells. In vitro immunologic studies showed that immunoglobulin production by the patient's peripheral lymphocytes had decreased and that this decrease was mediated by hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells. These findings suggest that nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine in the context of severe immunodeficiency is a premalignant condition.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1982

Plasma protein binding of phenytoin in the aged: in vivo studies.

1 The relation between plasma water phenytoin content and whole plasma phenytoin content in vivo was studied in 22 elderly patients (age range 62 to 87 years) and in 22 young patients (age range 18 to 33 years), all of whom were taking the drug for epilepsy. 2 The percentage of the drug existing unbound in plasma was slightly, but statistically significantly, higher in the elderly (12.8 +/- 1.8%) than in the young (11.1 +/- 2.5%). Reduced plasma albumin levels in the elderly (33.0 +/- 2.0 gl-1) as compared with the young (45.3 +/- 3.5 gl-1) probably contributed to the reduced protein binding in the older subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Serum creatine phosphokinase levels in patients meeting the St. Louis research diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.

In this study 18 patients with a research diagnostic criteria diagnosis of schizophrenia had a mean initial serum creatine phosphokinase level significantly higher than that of 36 control subjects with other RDC diagnoses. There were no corresponding elevations in the serum levels of nondrinking alcoholics or patients with primary or secondary affective disorders. The authors suggest that increased creatine phosphokinase levels in schizophrenic patients may be due to a sudden increase in the substance in the dopaminergic or limbic system due to increased muscle membrane permeability or to sympathetic nervous system or adrenergic dominance.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1982

Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi for established mammalian cell cultures.

Amebae of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi were cytopathic for nine established mammalian cell cultures, including mouse and human fibroblasts, rabbit and monkey kidney cells, rat and mouse neuroblastoma cells, baby hamster kidney cells, and human epithelioma and carcinoma cells. Nine strains of N. fowleri were equally cytopathic for rodent neuroblastoma cells. As few as one ameba per million neuroblastoma cells destroyed the mammalian target cells after 9 days. The N. fowleri grew and destroyed rat neuroblastoma cells at 30 to 37 C whereas N. gruberi grew and destroyed the target cells at 25 to 30 C. Both N. fowleri and N. gruberi attached efficiently to the target cells at 30 to 37 C; N. gruberi but not N. fowleri attached efficiently at 25 C. Electron microscopic observations of mixed cultures of N. fowleri and neuroblastoma cells established that the amebae, after 12 hr, had ingested portions of the neuroblastoma target cells without causing cell lysis. Conversely, N. gruberi amebae, after attaching to target cells, disrupted the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the target cells although the target cell nucleus remained intact. The amebae then ingested the target cell debris.

Amoeba↗