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Biomedical subjects

M Park

Publications and source records attributed to M Park.

245 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

A simplified cystic fibrosis scoring system (a preliminary report).

The inherent variability in the natural severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) makes each aspect of therapy of this condition difficult to isolate and to evaluate objectively. There is little hope of resolving the problems which arise as a result until a way of measuring the severity of the disease at any one point in time is devised. We present a simplified CF scoring system (analogous to the Apgar scoring system for the newborn) based on five simple measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of benzothiazole on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and metabolism of acetaminophen.

Benzothiazole (BT) is present in tobacco smoke and widely used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. In this study we have investigated the influence of BT on the activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT), sulphotransferase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We also examined if BT would change the metabolism and toxification of acetaminophen (AA) through modulation of metabolizing enzymes. Benzothiazole (1 mmol kg(-1), p.o., 5 days) markedly increased the enzyme activities of P4501A1, 1A2, 2B1, 3A4, 2E1, UDP-GT and GST in liver. Pretreatment with BT significantly decreased the amount of total AA recovered in bile to 68.5% of controls, mainly as a consequence of reduced AA-glucuronide conjugate (35.3% of controls), whereas the AA-glutathione conjugate (AA-GS) was augmented to 1.6-fold. After pretreatment with BT, potentiation of the hepatotoxicity by AA (400 mg kg(-1), i.p., 24 h) was observed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase activities in ICR mice. These results indicate that: BT is a potent inducer of P450s and phase II metabolizing enzymes; and the increase of AA-GS conjugate and aggravation of AA hepatotoxicity by BT may be related to induction of P450s.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paternity probability when a relative of the father is an alleged father.

When scientists use DNA evidence in court, coancestry effects such as population structure and relatedness are usually ignored. In paternity cases, only if a particular man has the child's paternal allele at a certain locus, can he not be excluded in the paternity dispute. However, it is certainly true that close relatives will be far more likely to have the child's paternal allele than will random members of the reference population. In particular, the probability that the true father's brother has the paternal allele is very much greater than that for any other relationship. In this paper, the authors describe a method for inference in a case where the true father may be a relative of the alleged father. This paper also reports that most current methods overstate the probability that the alleged father is the father.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The human met oncogene is related to the tyrosine kinase oncogenes.

The met oncogene was previously isolated from a chemically transformed human cell line, MNNG-HOS. Recent evidence has demonstrated that two classes of transcripts are expressed from the met proto-oncogene locus. The met oncogene, however, expresses an aberrant RNA which has sequences in common with both transcripts. We now report partial nucleotide sequencing of the human met oncogene and show that met is related to the protein kinase oncogenes and growth factor receptors. The met nucleotide sequence is not identical to that of any published gene, and it is more closely homologous to the tyrosine kinases than to the serine/threonine kinases. Within the tyrosine kinase family, the sequenced met domains are most closely related to the human insulin receptor and the viral abl gene. In situ chromosome hybridization has mapped met to human chromosome 7 band 7q21-q31, a location distinct from that of other kinases. This is also a region associated with nonrandom chromosomal deletions observed in a portion of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. The accompanying paper shows that this chromosomal locus is also tightly linked with the human heredity disease cystic fibrosis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ACTH-dependent proteolytic activity of a novel phosphoprotein (p43) intermediary in the activation of phospholipase A2 and steroidogenesis.

Arachidonic acid (AA) and the lipooxygenase products have been shown to play an obligatory role in the mechanism of action of LH and ACTH, at a point after cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. We have demonstrated the presence of a phosphoprotein (p43) that responds to cAMP signals to induce steroid synthesis in adrenocortical tissue, an effect that is blocked by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. In this report we demonstrate that p43 exhibits autoproteolytic activity that is regulated by ACTH. Protein purified from ACTH-treated animals exhibited degradation in some of the isoforms resolved on two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteinase inhibitors (PMSF and 1,10 phenantroline) inhibited steroid synthesis induced by ACTH and 8-Br-cAMP in intact cells. Addition of exogenous AA reverted in part that inhibition. Here we present evidence for a hormone-regulated proteolytic activity of p43 and for the inhibition of steroidogenesis by proteinase inhibitors acting prior to the release of arachidonic acid.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eyes of infants.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate the new method of ultrasound biomicroscopy in examining the anterior segment of the eyes of infants. METHODS: The infant was held supine during examination, which was performed under topical anesthesia only. One drop of proparacaine was placed in the eye, and a small lid speculum was inserted. The palpebral fissure was filled with 2.5% methylcellulose as a coupling medium. The ocular cup was not used. Scanning was performed by placing the probe close to the area of interest. RESULTS: Case 1: A 3230-g male infant was delivered by cesarean section at 39 weeks' gestation. The left eye was studied with ultrasound biomicroscopy. Examination revealed a narrow angle with the anterior chamber angle of 25 degrees. The trabecular-ciliary process distance was 510 microns. The depth of the anterior chamber was 1414 microns. Case 2: A 1368-g female infant was delivered by cesarean section at 30 weeks' gestation. The left eye was studied. The anterior chamber angle was 16 degrees. The trabecular-ciliary process distance was 380 microns. The depth of the anterior chamber was 1134 microns. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is clinically feasible in infants and has a potential for use in clinical research. Additional study is needed to assess the reproducibility of the measurements and to acquire additional clinical experiences.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes education in Grampian: a study.

In a widely scattered area such as Grampian, patients' needs, staffing requirements and methods of delivery of health care are different from those found in a densely populated urban area. Although this may be seen as desirable from the point of view of meeting the individual needs of patients from diverse backgrounds, there are also problems in that consistency of quality of care may fluctuate. Recognising that the quantity and quality of patient education offered to diabetic patients in Grampian may vary according to their geographical location, the author and her colleagues set out to investigate the provision and quality of education on diabetes for both patients and nurses. The results indicated that there were significant gaps in patients', relatives' and nurses' knowledge of diabetes. Introducing a standard diabetes education system was found to be one way of improving levels of knowledge in the Grampian area.

Adolescent↗