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Biomedical subjects

M Park

Publications and source records attributed to M Park.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A single preoperative dose of cefazolin prevents postoperative sepsis in high-risk biliary surgery.

To test the ability of cefazolin, given in a single dose preoperatively, to prevent infection in high-risk patients after biliary tract surgery, the authors conducted a double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Of 92 patients operated on for acute cholecystitis or bile-duct disease, 46 were given 2 g of cefazolin intravenously before operation. Bile was contaminated with bacteria in 36% to 50% of patients with acute cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, bile-duct disease without jaundice, or over 50 years old compared with only 5% of patients with chronic cholecystitis or under 50 years of age. Postoperative sepsis was eight times more frequent in patients with contaminated bile than in those without. Only 1 patient who received cefazolin had a wound infection, but 9 of the 46 patients in the control group did. The bacteria causing wound sepsis were similar to those in the contaminated bile. The authors conclude that a single dose of cefazolin given intravenously before operation provides effective prophylaxis against infection in high-risk biliary tract surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Detection of herpes simplex virus type-2 DNA restriction fragments in human cervical carcinoma tissue.

DNA extracted from eight human cervical carcinomas, one lymph node metastasis and related control tissue was examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences. Southern blot transfers of tumour and control DNA were hybridised with radioactively labelled cloned probes representing 70% of the HSV-2 genome. Specific hybridisation to HSV DNA sequences was observed in one of eight carcinoma tissues analysed. Hybridisation of HSV-2 DNA probes to BamHI and XhoI restriction enzyme fragments of tumour cell DNA which co-migrated with authentic HSV-2 viral fragments identified co-linear HSV-2 DNA sequences comprising 3% of the HSV-2 genome, between map coordinates 0.582 and 0.612. The remaining eight tumour and all control tissues analysed, showed no specific hybridisation to any of the probes used at levels of sensitivity which would detect 0.5 copies/cell of HSV-2 DNA restriction fragments of 2 kb or greater.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Induction of a latent herpes simplex virus from a rat tumour initiated by herpes simplex virus-transformed cells.

A rat tumour induced by cells transformed with the sheared DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 HFEM alpha (RE2A) was injected with the intertypic virus HSV-2 HG52 ts 1. Separate plaques, isolated from cocultivation of excised tumour tissue with susceptible cells, yielded virus the DNA of which had the restriction enzyme profile either of the injected HSV-2 virus or that of the HSV-1 virus, originally used to transform the cells. No evidence of in vivo recombination was detected. In Hooded Lister rats, HSV may have the ability to remain in a latent or non-replicating state in fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Are first-generation cephalosporins effective for antibiotic prophylaxis in elective surgery of the colon?

First-generation cephalosporins have recently declined in popularity as antibiotics for prophylaxis in elective surgery of the colon, but their efficacy has not been defined precisely. In a prospective randomized study, 44 patients who underwent elective colonic operations received, preoperatively, cefazolin in a parenteral dose adequate to kill aerobic coliforms. Six had wound infections; Bacteroides fragilis was grown, along with other organisms, from all these wounds. In contrast, only 1 of 57 similar patients had a wound infection after receiving, preoperatively, erythromycin base and metronidazole orally--directed at anaerobic bacteria. Local contamination, predominantly by anaerobic bacteria, is the main cause of wound infection after elective surgery of the colon. Even in what seems to be adequate dosage, first-generation cephalosporins are not antibiotics of first choice for preventing wound infections after these operations.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Cefamandole in gastroduodenal surgery: a controlled, prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Acceptance of the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in gastroduodenal surgery is growing, but only one controlled, double-blind study justifying this is available. In this second, controlled, randomized, double-blind study 60 patients underwent urgent and elective gastroduodenal operations. Among 32 patients receiving cefamandole perioperatively for prophylaxis, only 1 subsequently had a wound infection, but wound infections occurred in 8 of the 28 patients who received a placebo (P less than 0.01). Infection rates were higher in contaminated wounds and in urgent operations than in clean-contaminated wounds and elective surgery. The results confirm the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in this setting.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1982

The conduct of cholecystectomy: incision, drainage, bacteriology and postoperative complications.

The benefits of some ancillary techniques of cholecystectomy are exaggerated by retrospective study of selected patients. Therefore, the authors performed a prospective, randomized study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent simple elective cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. No patient was excluded because of incomplete hemostasis or fear of bile leakage. The frequency of pulmonary complications and wound infections was independent of the type of incision--vertical or subcostal. Peritoneal drainage was found to be unnecessary. Short-term drainage may increase the frequency of postoperative fever, but did not increase pulmonary complications or wound infections. In these patients, intra-abdominal sepsis is rare; wound infections were uncommon and the gallbladder bile was usually sterile and not the cause of postoperative infection.

Bile↗
PubMed1981

Lack of correlation between exercise capacity and indexes of resting left ventricular performance in heart failure.

Symptoms of congestive heart failure occur most commonly during exercise, but cardiac performance is usually quantitated at rest. The relation between exercise capacity and measurements of cardiac performance at rest is little known. Treadmill exercise was performed in 21 patients with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy. Exercise duration averaged 9.1 +/- 0.7 (standard error of the mean) minutes (normal value 12 or more minutes) and did not correlate with resting ejection fraction of 26.4 +/- 2.7 percent (r = -0.06). Left ventricular diastolic dimension of 6.6 +/0 0.2 cm, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time did not correlate with treadmill time (r = -0.03). Repeat studies after treatment of heart failure also failed to show correlations between changes in exercise capacity and changes in left ventricular performance at rest. Thus, measures of left ventricular performance obtained at rest do not accurately reflect exercise tolerance and symptomatic status of patients with congestive heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Preventing anaerobic infection in surgery of the colon.

A randomized prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis was carried out in patients who underwent elective surgery of the colon. The wound infection rate in 70 patients who received cephradine intravenously in the perioperative period (group 1) was 25%, compared with 8% in 60 patients who received metronidazole and erythromycin base orally before operation (group 2). Both Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli were cultured from the majority of wound infections in group 1, but B. fragilis was not found in any group 2 patients. Wound contamination indicated by wound class or by culture of the subcutaneous tissue of the wound before closure was the best predictor of subsequent wound infections. These results suggest a dominant role for intestinal anaerobes in the genesis of wound infections after colonic surgery and show that antibiotics specifically directed against these organisms can substantially reduce the rate of wound infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Genetic retrieval of viral genome sequences from herpes simplex virus transformed cells.

Oncogenic transformation of cultured cells by inactivated herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 has been demonstrated. Expression of HSV information in these transformed cells has been shown by immunofluorescence studies, detection of HSV neutralizing antibody in sera from tumour-bearing animals and by hybridization of HSV-specific RNA. Molecular hybridization studies of DNA from HSV-2 transformed hamster cells have detected up to 40% of the HSV genome present in several copies. Complementation of three HSV-2 temperature-sensitive mutants when superinfecting the RE1 rat embryo cell line (transformed by the HSV-2 temperature-sensitive mutant ts1) suggests that resident viral genes can be expressed. Brown et al. used a similar approach to detect HSV information latent in human ganglia. We report here retrieval of intertypic HSV recombinants from HSV transformed cells after superinfection with ts mutants of the alternative serotype of HSV. Restriction enzyme analysis which clearly differentiates between HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA has demonstrated the isolation of recombinants spanning the genome and of virus indistinguishable from the original transforming virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Plasma angiotensin II levels in hypoxic and hypovolemic stress in unanesthetized rabbits.

Plasma levels of angiotensin II were determined by radioimmunoassay in unanesthetized white rabbits exposed to acute hypoxia (FIO2 10% for 10 min), chronic hypoxia (0.5 atm up to 16 days), or hypovolemic stress (bleeding 20 ml/kg). Angiotensin II levels significantly decreased after 10 min of acute hypoxia in normal rabbits and significantly increased when the same procedure was applied to animals previously exposed to hypoxia by 6-8 days of permanence in the hypobaric chamber or sodium deprivation. Chronic hypoxia resulted in a temporary increase of angiotensin II already evident on the 3rd day, but maximal at the 9th day with return to normal values within 16 days. Hypovolemic stress resulted in the expected rise of angiotensin II levels 10 min postbleeding both in normal and acclimatized rabbits. The response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to hypoxic and hypovolemic stress is different. The direction and magnitude of the response to hypoxia depends on the underlying state of activation of the system and the cardiovascular condition of the animal at the time of hypoxic stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗