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Biomedical subjects

M Palutke

Publications and source records attributed to M Palutke.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Natural killer and suppressor T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

A patient with low-grade lymphocytosis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia, but adequate myeloid leukogenesis, was found to have chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which represented a clonal proliferation of a distinct T-lymphocyte subset. The lymphocytes did not form E rosettes but had an OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6+, OKT8+, OKT11+, HNK-1+, HNK-36+, OKIa1+, OKM1+ phenotype and functionally had suppressor and natural killer activity. Morphologically, they were large granular lymphocytes, which were strongly acid phosphatase positive and nonspecific esterase negative. They did not respond to mitogens, or to allogeneic cells. Initially, the spleen appeared to be the most involved organ and, judging from the high proportion of leukemic splenic lymphocytes in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, was also the organ of origin of the leukemic cells. Only a few leukemic cells in the blood and bone marrow were in S and G2/M phases. After splenectomy, the lymphocyte count rose considerably and the bone marrow became progressively more infiltrated by tumor nodules. One year after diagnosis, the patient was started on chemotherapy because of progressive anemia. He responded to the chemotherapy by normalization of the hemoglobin and neutrophil count and had a moderate decrease in the bone marrow involvement and peripheral lymphocytosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Acute megakaryoblastic Leukemia.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and rapidly fetal disorder characterized by extensive proliferation of megakaryoblasts and atypical megakaryocytes in bone marrow and extramedullary sites, thrombocytopenia and only a few blasts in peripheral blood. Three cases of this leukemia were studied morphologically, cytochemically, and electron microscopically. The leukemia blasts varied from 10-20 mu in diameter, had coarsely reticular nuclear chromatin, and numerous cytoplasmic projections and vacuoles. Except for intense granular PAS positivity and diffuse acid phosphatase reactivity, all of the usual cytochemical stains were negative. The blasts had no specific differentiating features identifying them as megakaryoblasts even at the ultrastructural level. In such instances demonstration of platelet peroxidase will confirm the megakaryocytic origin. All three patients in this series were men and all died within 90 days. Two patients also had other malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Hairy cell leukemia in three siblings: an apparent HLA-linked disease.

In a sibship of 11 adults the HLA haplotype A1, B7 occurred in four brothers, three of whom developed hairy cell leukemia (HCL) within a seven-year period. While this haplotype does not appear to occur with increased frequency in random cases of HCL, the fact that three cases of this uncommon and unique disorder occurred within one family and affected siblings with a common haplotype strongly suggests a genetic linkage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acute monocytic leukemia: a surface marker study.

Thirteen cases of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) were studied morphologically, cytochemically, and immunologically in an attempt to determine similarities and/or differences between acute monocytic and lymphocytic leukemias. Single class surface immunoglobulins (IgG kappa) were seen in six cases. These markers are thought to represent serum immunoglobulins attached to the leukemic monocytes via the receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin and are not synthesized by the cells as is the case with B lymphocytes. Receptors for complement were also noted. It appears that surface immunoglobulins and receptors for the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin and complement, which are found on several classes of normal lymphocytes and monocytes, may also be found on leukemic monocytes. Antisera to B lymphocytes, detecting HlA-DRw antigens, also reacted with some of the leukemic monocytes.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1982

Increased T cells lacking immunoglobulin Fc receptors and increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation in a patient with phycomycosis.

A 64-year-old diabetic man had phycomycotic infection with Rhizopus and expired following surgical debridement. Extensive immunological evaluation revealed normal cellular and humoral immune responses including an in vivo response to Rhizopus antigen following delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. Evidence for increased in vivo lymphocyte activation consisted of increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation and increased T non-mu non-gamma cells. This work extends the previous findings of normal immunological responsiveness including in vitro reactivity to Rhizopus antigen in such patients.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1982

Increased numbers of lymphocytes with single class surface immunoglobulins in reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue.

Forty-seven lymph nodes and one stomach exhibiting reactive hyperplasia from 40 patients were examined by morphologic and immunologic methods. Twelve lymph nodes and one stomach from ten patients had a significantly increased number (greater than 25%) of lymphocytes, with single class surface immunoglobulins or plasma cells, and plasmacytoid lymphocytes secreting single class immunoglobulins. In three cases, a diagnosis of malignancy was subsequently made on the basis of morphological and immunological evidence of tumor in other tissue. Five patients had collagen disorders, two had a persistent unexplained hypergammaglobulinemia, and two had no recognized associated disease. The significance of an increase of B lymphocytes with single class surface immunoglobulins in these cases is presently not clear, but patients with similar findings should have extensive investigation and persistent follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Malignant lymphoma of small cleaved lymphocytes of the follicular mantle zone.

We describe a highly unusual lymphocytic lymphoma. It appeared to originate in the mantle zones of hyperplastic follicles that had large reactive centers. The tumor cells in the mantle zone were small lymphocytes with cleaved or very irregular nuclei. They had coarse and abundant IgM, kappa surface immunoglobulin markers, and receptors for complement. The tumor involvement was generalized at the time of discovery. The diagnosis of a malignant lymphoma was initially made with difficulty because of the presence of reactive follicular centers as well as a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and large numbers of interfollicular plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes containing all classes of immunoglobulin. However, 2 yr later, the follicular centers were replaced by tumor nodules composed of lymphocytes identical in appearance and immunologic type to those seen originally. This case illustrates that not all nodular lymphomas are follicular center cell (FCC) neoplasms and that morphological transformation from small round to small cleaved lymphocytes and a corresponding increase in surface immunoglobulins may take place in the follicular mantle zone. The patient had a high titer of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and a poor lymphocyte response to concanavalin A, but neither the tumor cells nor the plasmacytoid lymphocytes contained EBV DNA.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocytic lymphoma simulating hairy cell leukemia: a consideration of reliable and unreliable diagnostic features.

Morphologic, immunologic and functional characteristics of an unusual poorly differentiated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma closely resembling hairy cell leukemia are presented and the diagnostic features of the latter disease are reviewed. The malignant cells morphologically resembled hairy cells at the light as well as electron microscopic level. They had surface characteristics of both T and B lymphocytes, were phagocytic, and adhered to glass. The spleen was smooth and resembled that seen in hairy cell leukemia. Although there was a predilection for the red pulp of the spleen, there was a lack of characteristic pseudosinus formation, and areas of predominantly white pulp involvement considered characteristic of lymphocytic lymphoma were found after extensive examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

T-cell lymphomas of large cell type. A variety of malignant lymphomas: "histiocytic" and mixed lymphocytic-"histiocytic".

Clinical and morphologic features of seven T-cell lymphomas of the large cell type are described. The tumors were grouped into those with irregular (3 cases) and those with round and regular nuclei (4 cases). In both groups, variation in cell size, numerous histiocytes and vessels, and many mitoses were distinguishing features. In only 1 case in the round and regular nucleus group was there relatively little variation in cell size and a paucity of histiocytes. Abundant polyribosomes, long strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomal granules were prominent electron microscopic features in both groups of tumors. The clinical presentations and courses varied considerably, especially in patients with tumors of the round nucleus type. One patient presented initially with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1 with Lennert's lymphoma, another with bone marrow infiltration, and a fourth with subcutaneous tumors. Two patients with the round nucleus type are still alive one and a half and two years after the original diagnosis. Two patients died two years after the onset of symptoms. Each of the 3 patients with tumors of the irregular nucleus type had a rapid clinical course and died within ten months.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Evolution of chromosomal abnormalities in sequential cytogenetic studies of ataxia telangiectasia.

Sequential cytogenetic studies of four patients with ataxia telangiectasia showed the progressive development of lymphocyte clones, each marked with a rearranged chromosome 14. Initial studies had shown random chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. Later studies in all patients showed nonrandom rearrangement of chromosome 14 with a breakpoint at 14q12 and with the distal segment translocated to either chromosome 14 or 7. The proportion of circulating lymphocytes carrying the marker tended to increase with time, accounting for the majority of the lymphocytes eventually in one case. The marked lymphocyte clones evolved further, as a result of loss of the small centric portions of the rearranged chromosome 14 (14pter leads to 14q12). Perhaps the abnormal clones in ataxia telangiectasia escape immunologic surveillance and flourish in an immunologically impaired environment. Subsequent to the loss of the centric portion of the rearranged chromosome 14, the cells may acquire additional capabilities that enhance malignant transformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Functional studies of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis).

Reports proposing that the cell or origin of "hairy cell" leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a B lymphocyte have been based primarily on the presence of surface immunoglobulin markers, frequently in "cap" form. Most of the immunoglobulin markers in this series of patients with hairy cell leukemia were multiclass, but were present in cap form under conditions not usually inducing cap formation in normal or leukemic human lymphocytes. In five cases the authors were able to remove these surface immunoglobulins by trypsinization or overnight incubation in serum-free tissue-culture medium. There was no evidence of synthesis of surface immunoglobulins in these cases following incubation in serum-free tissue-culture medium; however, surface immunoglobulins could again be detected after subsequent reintroduction of these hairy cells into the patients' own sera. The peculiar cap formation could not be prevented with sodium azide, a standard inhibitor of cap formation. Phagocytized latex particles and neutral red dye produced similar caplike structures. These findings suggest that hairy cells readily adsorb and pinocytose circulating immunoglobulins, but do not synthesize them.

Azides↗
PubMed1979

37 degrees CE rosettes in various malignant and non-malignant disorders.

T lymphocytes, forming sheep erythrocyte rosettes at 37 degrees C, have been described in thymus glands, mitogen and allogeneic cell stimulated lymphocyte cultures, and acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia. This paper describes the finding of such lymphocytes in lymph nodes of a variety of disorders including Hodgkin's disease, Lennert's lymphoma, malignant lymphoma of large transformed T lymphocytes, immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, metastatic carcinoma, and other disorders. A large number of tonsils, but not reactive lymph nodes, also contained a significant number of those T lymphocytes. The significance of these findings in relation to interpretation of immune red cell rosettes and to the subclasses of T lymphocytes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunoblastic sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma) of the brain with B cell markers. Case report.

A group of central nervous system neoplasms, previously known as reticulum cell sarcoma or microglioma, and recently classified as malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, not infrequently occur in patients with immunodeficiency, either primary or induced by immunosuppressant drugs. The authors report such a neoplasm in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura immunosuppressed with azathioprine and prednisone. The neoplasm was studied with several immunological techniques and by electron microscopy. The neoplasm had B lymphocyte membrane markers and showed plasmacytic differentiation. These features suggest that it was a tumor of transformed B lymphocytes (immunoblasts).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1978

Hairy cells and macrophages: a comparative study.

Leighton tube cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes and splenic cell suspensions of 11 patients with hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) were utilized to compare characteristics of hairy cells and macrophages. Light and electron microscopy, both transmission and scanning, as well as cytochemical studies demonstrated several striking similarities to macrophages. They included phagocytosis of red cells, platelets, cellular debris, and latex particles, adherence to glass with development of long pseudopodia and cytoplasmic granules, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity and diffuse and granular periodic acid-Schiff positivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a patient with macroglobulinemia and malignant lymphoma.

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia occurred in a 69-year-old man with malignant lymphoma and macroglobulinemia. Fluorescent staining demonstrated the macroglobulin in plasma and leukemic cells. Plasma cells seemed to be producing paraproteins, while leukemic cells appeared to be engulfing them as seen with transmission electron microscopy. The sequence of events ruled out the possibility that myelomonocytic leukemia developed following the use of cytotoxic drugs. The case presented in this report is a rare example of malignant lymphoma, macroglobulinemia, and acute myelomonocytic leukemia occurring in the same patient.

Aged↗