[Immunohistochemical study of p53 in colorectal polyps].
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Adenoma↗
Biomedical subjects
M Oya
Publications and source records attributed to M Oya.
Structure-activity relationships of mu-conotoxin GIIIA: structure determination of active and inactive sodium channel blocker peptides by NMR and simulated annealing calculations.
A synthetic replacement study of the amino acid residues of mu-conotoxin GIIIA, a peptide blocker for muscle sodium channels, has recently shown that the conformation formed by three disulfide bridges and the molecular basicity, especially the one around the Arg13 residue, are important for blocking activity. In the present study, we determined the three-dimensional structure of an inactive analog, [Ala13]mu-conotoxin GIIIA, and refined that of the native toxin by NMR spectroscopy combined with simulated annealing calculations. The atomic root-mean-square difference of the mutant from the native conotoxin was 0.62 A for the backbone atoms (N, C alpha, C') of all residues except for the two terminal residues. The observation that the replacement of Arg13 by Ala13 does not significantly change the molecular conformation suggests that the loss of activity is not due to the conformational change but to the direct interaction of the essential Arg13 residue with the sodium channel molecules. In the determined structure, important residues for the activity, Arg13, Lys16, Hyp(hydroxyproline)17, and Arg19, are clustered on one side of the molecule, an observation which suggests that this face of the molecule associates with the receptor site of sodium channels. The hydroxyl group of Hyp17 is suggested to interact with the channel site with which the essential hydroxyl groups of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin interact.
Alanine↗
Polymorphism of coagulation factor XIII B subunit: further occurrence of FXIIIB*15 in Japanese and phenotyping in bloodstains.
The polymorphism of FXIIIB was investigated in 555 unrelated Japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Five common phenotypes and a rare variant type FXIIIB 15-3 were observed. The allele frequencies were FXIIIB*1 = 0.3063, FXIIIB*2 = 0.0162, FXIIIB*3 = 0.6766 and FXIIIB*15 = 0.0009. Phenotyping was also possible from bloodstains stored at 37 degrees C for up to 4 months and from bloodstains stored at room temperature and at 4 degrees C for over 6 months. The FXIIIB system can provide a new powerful genetic marker for the medicolegal grouping of bloodstains.
Alleles↗
Total pelvic floor repair for the treatment of neuropathic fecal incontinence.
Long-term results of postanal repair are poor. Many patients with neuropathic incontinence have evidence of anterior pelvic floor weakness. A more comprehensive surgical repair has therefore been developed that involves postanal repair, anterior levatorplasty, and external sphincter plication. Primary total pelvic floor repair was performed in 22 women with neuropathic fecal incontinence. Fourteen patients who remained incontinent after conventional postanal repair underwent secondary anterior levatorplasty and external sphincter plication (two stages). Neither resting nor squeeze anal pressures were influenced by any of these procedures. However, pelvic floor descent at rest and straining was significantly decreased following primary total pelvic floor repair and secondary pelvic floor repair (p less than 0.05) but not by postanal repair. Complete continence for liquids, solids, and flatus was achieved in 41% of patients after primary total pelvic floor repair and in 14% after secondary anterior levatorplasty and external sphincter plication, but in only 4% after postanal repair. Only one patient after primary total pelvic floor repair and one after secondary anterior levatorplasty and external sphincter plication had persistent incontinence compared with 18 (38%) after postanal repair.
Anal Canal↗
Effects of verapamil on histamine-induced changes in lung mechanics.
The effects of verapamil on airway resistance and total thoracic compliance were studied in 15 rabbits with histamine-induced changes in lung mechanics. The animals, after being tracheotomized under anaesthesia, were subjected to mechanical ventilation in a time-cycled, volume-limited mode. Airway pressure and gas flow signals measured by a pneumotachograph and integrated for volume, were registered on a recorder. Each animal was given histamine hydrochloride in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride at a rate of 0.05 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 through a peripheral venous line. Verapamil was infused intravenously in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride at a rate of 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 after the initiation of histamine. Verapamil reduced the histamine-induced increase in airway resistance by 20% at 20 min after the start of administration.
Airway Resistance↗
How reliable is measurement of the anorectal angle by videoproctography?
The anorectal angle can be determined either by constructing a straight line along the lower border of the rectum (Method A) or by using the central longitudinal axis of the lower rectum (Method B). We have used a computer program to derive the centroid of the rectum for Method B. The coefficients of variation for angles measured at rest, during maximum pelvic floor contraction, and during attempted defecation were 0.616, 0.351, and 0.358, respectively, compared with 0.993, 0.972, and 0.968 for Method B. The presence of a rectocele had no influence on the measurement of the anorectal angle in incontinence, but there was a significant difference in assessment of the angle between constipated patients (P less than 0.05) and controls (P less than 0.05). Posterior indentation of the rectum had no significant influence on measurement of the angle in any group. These data indicate that a computer-derived centroid is more reliable for measurement of angles, but a correction factor for anterior rectocele is needed in constipated patients and controls.
Anal Canal↗
Neuropeptide regulation of feeding in dogs.
Norepinephrine and four families of neuropeptides, namely, neuropeptide Y (NPY), opioid peptides, galanin, and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRH), have been shown to stimulate feeding after central administration. Because these studies were mainly done on laboratory rats, the present study was designed to ascertain the central stimulators of feeding in dogs. We have shown that porcine and human pancreatic polypeptides (PPs), when administered into the third cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricularly), increased food and water intake of satiated animals but that the COOH-terminal fragments [hPP-(18-36) and hPP-(23-36)] did not do so at the same molar dose (11.9 nmol). The kappa-opioid receptor agonist dynorphin (A-(1-17) also stimulated food and water intake, whereas alpha-neoendorphin and Met-enkephalin did not. These results suggest the structural specificity of PPs and dynorphin peptides for stimulating feeding. Surprisingly, neither intracerebroventricular injections of NPY and peptide YY nor intracerebroventricular pretreatment with anti-hNPY gamma-globulin modulated feeding, stressing the species differences in the feeding response to exogenous substances and the underlying physiology. Intracerebroventricular injections of norepinephrine, GRH, galanin, and pancreastatin also failed to increase food intake, although most substances tended to or did increase water intake. These results suggest that neuropeptides play a role in a species-specific way in modulating appetite regulation.
Animals↗
C1R subcomponent polymorphism in Japanese: description of a new allele.
The polymorphism of C1R was investigated in 570 unrelated Japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. A total of 11 different C1R phenotypes including a new pattern designated C1R 11-1 were observed. The allele frequencies were C1R*1 = 0.4561, C1R*2 = 0.3377, C1R*5 = 0.1956, C1R*8 = 0.0088 and C1R*R (C1R*9 and C1R*11) = 0.0018. The population data fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The C1R polymorphism in Japanese was shown to be controlled by 3 common alleles, C1R*1, C1R*2 and C1R*5, as compared to Caucasians where only the former 2 are present commonly. This complement system can be a useful genetic marker for anthropological studies.
Alleles↗
[Enucleation performed to treat renal cell carcinoma associated with chronic nephritis: a case report].
We performed enucleation on a patient with renal cell carcinoma associated with nephritis to preserve renal function. The patient was a 40-year-old man diagnosed with chronic nephritis. Ultrasonography performed during brief hospitalization for a check-up revealed a tumor in the left kidney. Enucleation was performed to treat stage 1 renal cell carcinoma. Pathological study revealed that the patient had IgA nephropathy and grade 1 clear cell carcinoma.
Adult↗
Polymorphism of complement factor I: population study in Japanese and phenotyping in bloodstains.
Polymorphism of the complement component factor I (IF) was investigated in 645 unrelated Japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. The allele frequencies were IF*A = 0.1031 and IF*B = 0.8969. The population data fitted the Hardy-Weinberg law. Phenotyping was also possible from bloodstains stored at 37 degrees C for up to 1 week, at room temperature for up to 2 weeks and at 4 degrees C for up to 5 weeks. The IF system can be a useful supplement for the medicolegal identification of bloodstains, but seems useless in Caucasoids.
Blood Stains↗
[A case report of primary duodenal leiomyoblastoma].
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Duodenal Neoplasms↗
[A case of biloma induced by spontaneous rupture of gallbladder].
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Bile↗
[Study on endoscopic features in responders to systemic chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer].
We studied the endoscopic features in 6 cases of advanced gastric cancer responded to chemotherapy. Patient characteristics were as follows. [table; see text] Age 43-77 (mean 63 years old) Endoscopic type Mean duration of PR was 26.6 weeks. The process of the improvement of primary lesion as judged by endoscopic findings were as follows. Firstly getting flat of wall, secondly reduction in size of ulcer, and lastly changing into scar. Number of reported cases including our case No. 6 which are diagnosed as scar endoscopically after chemotherapy and are operated successfully has been increasing. Most of them showed scar macroscopically with wide and irregular surface. Especially our case No. 6 showed keloidal scar. In these cases, the histological improvement into grade 2-3 was observed in scared tissue. Sooner or later, such a process of endoscopic improvement was observed 4-8 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. Unless the endoscopic improvement was observed 8 weeks after initiation, regimen of chemotherapy should be changed into others.
Adult↗
[The effect of neuropeptide Y on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the dog].
There is increasing evidence that neuropeptide Y (NPY) affects the release of pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The present study was designed to clarify the mechanism by which NPY activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the dog. Mongrel dogs were equipped with a chronic cannula allowing intra-third (i.t.v.) or intra-lateral (i.l.v.) cerebroventricular administration. A 1.19 nmol, i.t.v. dose of NPY produced as great an ACTH and cortisol response as did equimolar ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). This action of NPY was dose-dependent and shared by peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), other members of the PP family peptide. Intravenously (i.v.) administered NPY (1.19-11.9 nmol) was much less potent than i.v. CRF in stimulating ACTH and cortisol secretion. However, i.v. NPY significantly increased plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations, raising the possibility that NPY may modulate the activity of corticotrophs. We next investigated the possible relationship between NPY and CRF on the HPA axis. Pretreatment with a novel CRF antagonist, alpha-helical CRF9-41 (130.9 nmol i.t.v. or 261.5 nmol i.v.), partly but significantly attenuated the ACTH and cortisol responses to i.t.v. NPY (1.19 nmol). Furthermore, adding a subthreshold dose of i.t.v. NPY (0.119 nmol) to i.t.v. CRF (1.19 nmol) or i.v. NPY (2.38 nmol) to i.v. CRF (0.595 nmol) resulted in the potentiation of CRF-induced ACTH secretion. These results indicate that NPY may activate the HPA axis in concert with CRF probably at hypothalamic and/or pituitary levels. The present findings that NPY evokes ACTH secretion and potentiates the effectiveness of CRF as a secretagogue, together with high concentrations of NPY in the hypothalamus and pituitary portal blood, suggest the NPY is involved in the multihormonal control of ACTH release.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
The effect of age on pelvic floor dynamics.
Anorectal function is known to be influenced by age but there is only scanty information about the effect of ageing on pelvic floor dynamics. Pelvic floor movements were assessed by videoproctography in two groups of ten control females (mean age of 30.5 and 60.7 years, respectively). A significantly lower pelvic floor position was found at rest in the older group (p = 0.02), but younger controls showed an increased pelvic floor descent during straining (p = 0.01). These results suggest that the pelvic floor is affected by progressive denervation but descent during straining tends to decrease with advancing age.
Adult↗
Factor B subtyping in sera and bloodstains by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.
The polymorphism of BF was investigated in 765 unrelated Japanese individuals by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Besides five common subtypes three rare variants were observed. The allele frequencies were: BF*S = 0.8078, BF*FA = 0.1797, BF*FB = 0.0105, BF*Var. = 0.0020. The above method was successfully applied to subtyping BF in stored bloodstains. The determination limits were: at 4 degrees C 8 weeks, at room temperature 2 weeks and at 37 degrees C only 2 days after storage. The BF subtyping is of practical use in medicolegal individualization of unknown bloodstains.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
Polymorphism of uridine monophosphate kinase: population study in Japanese and phenotyping in bloodstains.
The polymorphism of UMPK was investigated in 677 unrelated Japanese individuals. The allele frequencies were estimated to be UMPK*1 = 0.9594 and UMPK*2 = 0.0406. Our sample was devoid of the UMPK*3 allele. Phenotyping was also possible from bloodstains stored at 37 degrees C for up to 1 week, at room temperature for up to 4 weeks and at 4 degrees C over 10 weeks. The UMPK system can be a useful supplement for the mediocolegal grouping of bloodstains.
Asian People↗
Contents of tissue CEA and CA19-9 in colonic polyp and colorectal cancer, and their clinical significance.
In precancerous states or early cancer, the serum levels of tumor markers are almost not detectable. Therefore, the tissue contents of CEA and CA19-9 were measured in 48 colonic polyps, 8 colorectal cancers and 5 normal colonic mucosa. These tissue specimens were obtained by endoscopic polypectomy, surgery or autopsy, and homogenated in normal saline (10 ml/wet g of tissue). After centrifugation, the supernatant was assayed by enzyme or radioimmunoassay. There was no correlation between serum levels and tissue contents of CEA or CA19-9 in colonic adenomas and colorectal cancers. The mean contents of tissue CEA and CA19-9 in colonic polyp and colorectal cancer were significantly higher than normal colonic mucosa, and the highest contents of CEA and CA19-9 were found in colorectal cancer. The contents of tissue CEA and CA19-9 in cancerous regions were markedly increased as compared with noncancerous regions. In adenomas, there was a relationship between the degree of histological dysplasia and the tissue content of CEA. Relationships were also found between macroscopic findings and tissue tumor markers in adenomas. These results suggest the possibility that the measurement of tissue tumor markers may be useful for borderline colonic lesions.
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗