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Biomedical subjects

M Osawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Osawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Skeletal muscle CT scan and ultrasound imaging in two siblings with central core disease].

The computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) imaging studies were performed on skeletal muscles of two siblings (5-year-old boy and 10-year-old girl) with central core disease. The appearance of low-density areas in muscles was remarkable at the levels of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3), the midthigh and the thickest part of legs. The muscles at the levels of L3 and thigh were more severely affected than those of legs. Especially, paravertebral muscles, m. vastus, m. sartorius, m. gracilis tended to be more severely affected. The muscles of the legs except m. soleus were well preserved. US imaging of the thigh revealed a marked increase of echogenicity of rectus muscle as well as opaque, indistinct changes of fascia and bone. In contrast, the CT finding of the rectus muscle was relatively well preserved.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Ocular findings in Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy.

In Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), congenital muscular dystrophy and anomalies of the central nervous system are regarded as the major features, but the existence of ocular lesions has hardly been recognized as being important. In the present study, close ophthalmologic examinations were performed on 11 patients with FCMD, and we found myopia, weakness of the orbicularis oculi, congenital nystagmus, cortical blindness, optic atrophy, chorioretinal degeneration, etc. In particular, the chorioretinal degeneration observed in the ocular fundus was considered to be specific to FCMD. It is thought that these ocular lesions or changes are caused by the same mechanism as that involved in the central nervous system anomalies.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Antitumor and immunomodulating activities of a beta-glucan obtained from liquid-cultured Grifola frondosa.

The effects of the beta-1,3-glucan, LELFD, obtained from liquid-cultured mycelium of Grifola frondosa, on the growth of syngeneic tumors and immune responses in mice were examined. In Meth A or IMC solid tumor systems, LELFD administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intralesionally (i.l.) exhibited significant antitumor effects. However, the growth of L1210 and P388 leukemias was unaffected by the injection of LELFD. The injection of LELFD i.p. enhanced the activities of natural killer cells and macrophages in mice. LELFD also enhanced the antibody response when it was injected i.p. with sheep red blood cells into mice. Furthermore, it was found that LELFD could activate the alternative complement pathway.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Dramatic effects of high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin in each patient with intractable dermatomyositis and polymyositis].

A high-dose intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) therapy was given to two children; one with intractable dermatomyositis (case 1) and the other with polymyositis (case 2). Case 1, a 3-year-6-month-old girl, only poorly responded to the standard oral prednisolone therapy and a pulse therapy with high-dose methyl-prednisolone. This patient showed a complete remission after a course IVGG therapy, 100 mg/kg/day iv. for 5 days, which has been maintained for 6 months up to the present. Case 2, a 13-year-6-month-old girl, also showed little improvement after the oral prednisolone therapy, and transient improvement during plasma exchange therapy. This patient showed fairly good response after three repeated courses of IVGG therapy, but not complete remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Single left coronary artery with a fistula to the right ventricle: report of a case with successful closure].

A 4-year-old boy of single left coronary artery associated with a fistula to the right ventricle was reported. Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography revealed single left coronary artery with a fistula to the right ventricle. At operation, a single coronary artery arising from the left aortic sinus was present. A dilated and tortuous left circumflex branch passed to the right and anterior . This vessel terminated into the outflow tract of the right ventricle. The dilated vessel was doubly ligated at just distal portion of a acute marginal branch. The fistula to the right ventricle was directly sutured from arteriotomy. Then three small branches from the anterior descending artery terminating into the terminal portion of the dilated vessel were found and these were ligated respectively. After repair of arteriotomy, the remainder of the dilated and tortuous vessel was wrapped with a Dacron mesh for reinforcement. Postoperative course was uneventful and there were no complications.

Arteries↗
PubMed1989

[Genetic studies of Duchenne muscular dystrophy families using the dystrophy families using the dystrophin cDNA].

The cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene can detect deletions in over 50% of affected males and provide a highly accurate diagnostic test in the affected families. We present the results of our recent molecular genetic studies of five DMD families (six affected males and 16 non-affected family members) by using the dystrophin cDNA. Five molecular deletions were identified in the DNA samples of six affected males by studying abnormalities of Hind III and Bgl II fragments detected by the entire dystrophin cDNA. We could not find any abnormality in a family by the same DNA analysis. Deletion was found at two different loci; in two of six probands, it was located near 5' region of the gene seen by cDNA segment 1-2 a, while in the other three, near the center of the gene covered by cDNA segment 8. In three females of the five families, we detected novel fragments, the size of which was altered due to molecular deletion. These results greatly facilitated diagnosis of the carrier status in females. We studied also the dystrophin location in the biopsied skeletal muscle (femoral muscle) in a family, by means of indirect immunofluorescence staining using antiserum against dystrophin. Dystrophin was positive in the surface membrane of muscles from a non-affected brother, mother and sister, but it was absent in the muscle from a DMD proband.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1989

Effects of pregnancy, delivery and lactation in hyperprolactinemia with prolactin producing pituitary adenoma.

The effects of pregnancy, delivery and lactation on changes in serum prolactin (PRL) values were investigated in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Thirty-seven patients with hyperprolactinemia who wished to become pregnant were treated by transsphenoidal surgery, bromocriptine therapy, or a combination of the two. In 33 patients whose pre-pregnancy serum PRL concentration exceeded 30ng/ml, only in two did serum PRL return to the normal range below 30ng/ml after pregnancy, delivery and lactation. However, the serum PRL concentration was decreased in 28 patients. When classified according to the pre-pregnancy serum PRL concentrations, PRL less than or equal to 100 (Group A), 100 less than PRL less than or equal to 200 (Group B) and 200 less than PRL (Group C), patients with the greatest pre-pregnancy serum PRL concentration showed the greatest reduction. The ratios of post-pregnancy serum PRL to pre-pregnancy PRL in group A, B and C were 91.4 +/- 22.1%, 81.5 +/- 7.0% and 65.0 +/- 6.5% (Mean +/- SE), respectively. Group C with the highest pre-pregnancy serum PRL concentration consisted almost entirely of patients with macroadenoma. Thus, the reduction in serum PRL after pregnancy, delivery and lactation was considered to be the result of a decrease in the size of the adenoma due to adenoma enlargement over the sella turcica through the estrogen effects during pregnancy, and from impairment of pituitary circulation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Effects of different speeds of induction with sevoflurane on the EEG in man.

The effects of two kinds of induction speed of sevoflurane anesthesia on the EEG pattern were compared in the same individual using medical student volunteers: a first exposure of 4% was given, followed after full recovery, by incremental doses of 1, 2 and 4% successively, each being administered for 10 min. The arterial blood level of the anesthetic was measured using gaschromatograph. The changes of EEG pattern during fast induction with 4% were not represented by the abbreviation of those observed during the slow induction with the incremental doses. The administration of 4% induced a sudden appearance of high voltage, rhythmic slow waves of 2-3 Hz at 1-3 min when the arterial blood anesthetic level increased maximally, which was then followed by a pattern of faster activities of 10-14 Hz mixed with 5-8 Hz slow waves. In contrast, the administration of incremental doses induced an increase in frequency and amplitude of EEG activities in the light plane, followed by their decreases in deeper planes. The final EEG patterns were identical for both these methods of induction. These findings confirmed our previous hypothesis that not only the arterial blood level of anesthetics but the rate of its increase are important factors determining the EEG pattern of anesthesia

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Nonspecific congenital myopathy (minimal change myopathy): a case report.

A 28-month-old male with generalized hypotonia and muscle weakness, a myopathic face, skeletal dysmorphism and delayed motor milestones from birth is reported. He gradually developed the ability of sitting and rolling over, but could not stand without support until 28 months. There was no intellectual impairment or seizures. Deep tendon reflexes were absent. The serum CK value, peripheral nerve conduction velocity and EMG were within normal limits. A muscle biopsy specimen showed mild variation in fiber size, and an increased number of type 2C fibers on histochemical examination, but no apparent abnormalities on electron microscopy. The baby was tentatively diagnosed as having minimal change myopathy or nonspecific congenital myopathy which is thought to be one of the congenital nonprogressive myopathies.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

A case of de novo interstitial deletion 3q.

A rare chromosome abnormality consisting of interstitial deletion 3q was found in a malformed girl. Chromosome analysis using G and Q banding showed deletion of bands 3q12----3q21: 46,XX,del(3)(pter----q12::q21----qter). The clinical features of the proband included severe psychomotor retardation, craniofacial asymmetry, hypertelorism, epicanthus, high arched palate, progressive scoliosis, multiple skin pigmentations, and renal abnormalities. The parents had normal karyotypes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

Despite the efforts of many workers, the cause and therapy has not been clarified. We carried out the therapeutic trial of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from January, 1979 to January, 1983. There were 16 subjects. The patients were given a low dose (0.5-2 mg) of TRH intravenously or intramusculary. Mild to moderate improvement was found in 9 (56%) of 16 patients. TRH has been reported to have the activating effects on the pyramidal tract, brainstem motor nuclei, and motoneuron in the spinal cord as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. We thought such action of TRH to be useful to the therapy of ALS.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute tolerance to the analgesic action of nitrous oxide does not develop in rats.

The time course of nitrous oxide analgesia was studied in rats with a behavioral criterion, the tail-flick test to radiant heat. All rats were placed individually in a Plexiglas tube and exposed to either nitrous oxide, 75% in oxygen, or room air (control) for 2 hr. Analgesic potency was evaluated by prolongation of the time required to induce tail-flick. Although individual animals showed variability in the tail-flick time during exposure to nitrous oxide, no animal showed a tendency toward the development of tolerance, and a statistically significant sustained prolongation of tail-flick time was produced.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

L-dopa-induced asterixis.

Three cases with the occurrence of asterixis during the administration of L-dopa were reported. Liver and metabolic functions were normal in all the patients. Upon the appearance of asterixis no other involuntary movements probably resulting from an excess administration of L-dopa were observed. Asterixis occurred accompanied by clinical symptoms such as hallucination and a mild clouding of consciousness by insomnia. Because of its reversal with drug withdrawal, asterixis seemed to be L-dopa-related. The biochemical basis of asterixis is not known but may involve the dopaminergic or serotonergic system.

Aged↗