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Biomedical subjects

M Osawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Osawa.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Binding of a monoclonal antibody E12 to Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) is inhibited by actin.

A monoclonal antibody, E12, to human Gc globulin was raised in murine somatic cell using purified Gc. The antibody was subtyped IgG2b kappa and had a kd of 3.0 x 10(-8) M for antigen Gc. Monospecificity for Gc was demonstrated by Western blotting of normal human serum using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As judged by ELISA, actin inhibited binding of E12 to Gc in dose-dependent fashion. Affinity chromatography studies further showed that ternary complexes of actin-Gc-E12 were not formed, and actin displaced Gc from Gc-E12 complexes. Proteolytic digestion of Gc with trypsin showed that the monoclonal antibody E12 reacted with the major 30-kDa tryptic fragment containing the amino terminal fragment of Gc, but actin did not react with this fragment. These results indicate that interaction of actin with Gc causes conformational changes which inhibit binding of E12.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

The divergent actions of volatile anaesthetics on background neuronal activity and reactive capability in the central nervous system in cats.

The effects of halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane on background neuronal activity and reactive capability in the central nervous system were studied in cats. The background neuronal activity was assessed by midbrain reticular cell firing, which was measured by the method of multi-unit activity, and the EEG in the cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. The reactive capability was assessed by evoked responses in the visual neuronal pathway. All anaesthetics studied suppressed reticular cell firing in a dose-dependent manner, and the suppression by halothane (43.8 +/- 10.3% of control, mean +/- SD) was less than isoflurane (66.5 +/- 5.8%, P < 0.01) and enflurane (73.1 +/- 8.8%, P < 0.05) at 1 MAC. Spontaneous EEG spikes developed at 4.8% isoflurane and 3.6% enflurane anaesthesia. Phasic activation of reticular cell firing was associated with EEG spikes during isoflurane and enflurane anaesthesia, and the activation during enflurane anaesthesia was greater than during isoflurane anaesthesia (P < 0.01). Photic stimulation provoked EEG spikes and repetitive stimulation induced seizure activity only at 3.6% enflurane anaesthesia. Halothane and isoflurane suppressed stimulation induced responses in the visual neuronal pathway. The amplitudes of N1 in visual cortical evoked responses induced by photic stimulation were suppressed to 70.1 +/- 24.5% of control at 2.4% halothane and 39.3 +/- 27.3% at 4.8% isoflurane. Enflurane, at 3.6%, augmented the evoked response induced by photic stimulation (398.4 +/- 83.0% of control in the amplitude of N1). These results indicate that all the agents studied had suppressive actions on background neuronal activity in the order halothane < isoflurane = enflurane. The effects on reactive capability were divergent among agents, e.g., enflurane enhanced, halothane suppressed, and the actions of isoflurane were intermediate. We conclude that the anaesthetic effects on background activity and on reactive capability are divergent and that suppression of reactive capability is a factor in determining the ease of clinical application of the anaesthetics.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1992

Species-specific epitopes exist on the cytoplasmic amino-terminal domain of erythrocyte band 3 protein.

Monoclonal antibodies (P3-9H, P3-1F, P3-2H, P3-4A, and P3-4C) to human erythrocyte band 3 were produced using human erythrocyte membranes as the immunogen. All epitopes defined by these antibodies were found on the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3. The antibodies crossreacted variously with erythrocyte band 3 of primates (chimpanzee, orangutan, Rhesus monkey, Japanese monkey, spider monkey, and capuchin monkey) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. P3-9H did not crossreact with erythrocyte band 3 of any primate examined; P3-1F crossreacted only with that of chimpanzee; P3-2H crossreacted with erythrocyte band 3 of chimpanzee, spider monkey, and capuchin monkey; and P3-4A and P3-4C crossreacted with erythrocyte band 3 of all primates examined. These results suggest that evolutional changes in primates are accumulated in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 and that species-specific epitopes exist on this domain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Gennai Hiraga and Bosho: with special reference to the manuscripts kept by the Suzukis, Izu].

Bosho is one of the important mineral drugs in the Edo era. Gennai Hiraga (1728-1779) gave a lot of space to the item of natural product Bokusho in his book "Butsurui-hinshitsu" (1763). Gennai made bosho from bokusho that was deposited at spring in Kamifunabara is little known to us except "Butsurui-hinshitsu". In Kamifunabara, we got an opportunity to survey the manuscripts kept by the Suzukis, which show Gennai's visit and activities there. The object of this paper is to introduce the manuscripts kept by the Suzukis and also to consider widely the knowledge of Gennai and his teacher Ransui Tamura (1718-1776) concerning bosho and related materials.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1992

[A case of abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm due to Salmonella enteritidis septicemia].

A 66-year-old man suffering from high fever and abdominal pain was diagnosed as abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm due to Salmonella enteritidis septicemia. After complete remission of infection with the antibiotic therapy, we performed a replacement of abdominal aorta with a prosthetic graft. Infection parameters are normal 5 months postoperatively. Although Salmonella septicemia is a serious disorder, it is not a rare infection recently as compromised host increases more. Rapid diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment are essential for successful result of Salmonella aortic aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of complete remission of lymph nodes metastasis from esophageal cancer with combination treatment of UFT and radiation].

A 65 year old female patient, who had developed left atelectasis because of mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer, underwent the combination treatment with UFT (300 mg/day) and radiation (1.5 Gy/day, total dosage: 70.2 Gy). The symptoms soon subsided, and mediastinal CT and bronchoscopy revealed a complete disappearance of metastatic lymph nodes after one month. During one year of CR she enjoyed her daily life, however the relapse occurred. It is suggested that the combination treatment is an effective and safe way even in a patient who went through a lot of invasive surgeries.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

ABO blood grouping of semen from mixed body fluids with monoclonal antibody to tissue-specific epitopes on seminal ABO blood group substance.

Practical methods were developed for ABO blood grouping of semen from mixed body fluids. An monoclonal antibody (P6-5H) which recognizes a tissue-specific epitope on a seminal ABO blood group substance (alpha 2-seminoglycoprotein) was used as a solid phase antibody for selective capture of the seminal ABO blood group substance. ABO blood group epitopes of secretor and non-secretor semen were detected in dilutions of 8 x 10(3)-3.2 x 10(4) and 8 x 10(3)-fold, respectively, by sandwich ELISA. ABO blood group epitopes were also detected in dilutions up to 4 x 10(3)-fold, irrespective of secretor status, by the sandwich absorption-elution test.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

Rupture of a giant splenic artery aneurysm. Report of an autopsy case.

We describe an autopsy case of a 61-year-old woman with von Recklinghausen's disease, who died suddenly following intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to the rupture of a giant splenic artery aneurysm. The aneurysm measured 16 x 13 x 5.5 cm--much larger than those in most previous reports. The pancreatic body, which was pressed by the aneurysm, was widely atrophic. In general, splenic artery aneurysms are more frequent in pregnant women or patients with portal hypertension. The pathogenesis of this aneurysm is presumed to be arterial dysplasia, focal arterial inflammation, or portal hypertension, unlike other aneurysms due to arteriosclerosis or syphilis. Since the patient had not been pregnant and had not had liver cirrhosis or arteriosclerosis, the pathogenic factor could not be determined in this case. The relationship between the genesis of the aneurysm and von Recklinghausen's disease was not clear either.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1991

Fukuyama type congenital progressive muscular dystrophy.

Clincopathological features of Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), a combination of brain malformation and muscular dystrophy with facial muscle and CNS involvement and high prevalence in Japan, are reviewed. Evidence of progressive dystrophy, negative correlations between muscle enzyme levels and age and CT numbers of muscle and age, are presented. Skeletal muscle histopathology is reviewed. Febrile illness-induced transient exacerbation of muscle weakness is reported. Characteristic brain malformations, e.g. micropolygyria, other dysgenesis, are reviewed. Their severity correlated with maximal mental and motor function. The etiology and significance of low density areas (LDA) in white matter on CT, possibly reflecting delayed or abnormal myelination, and ventricular dilatation are discussed. Spontaneous LDA improvement makes hydrocephaly unlikely. Ophthalmological differential diagnosis from Santavouri disease and Walker-Warburg syndrome, characterized by visual disturbance/glaucoma and microphthalmia/anterior chamber defects, respectively, is discussed. A single defective gene, manifesting as a metabolic error, may produce CNS and ocular defects as well as muscle degeneration in FCMD.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[An autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy with olivary hypertrophy].

Clinical and pathologic findings of an autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with a 7 year clinical course are described. The patient exhibited clinical findings of typical PSP, cerebellar signs and rhythmical myoclonus that was about 2 Hz and synchronous in the eyes, palate, and pharynx, which is so called palatal myoclonus. Pathological findings compatible with those in PSP i.e. loss of nerve cells, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and gliosis were found in the globus pallidum, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, nucleus of Raphe, reticular formation, dentate nucleus, and inferior olives. Nerve cells in the nucleus basalis were preserved. Distinctive findings included marked degeneration of the dentate nucleus, prominent hypertrophy of the inferior olives, and atrophy and subcortical gliosis of the frontal lobe. Hypertrophy of the inferior olives and palatal myoclonus represent an unusual PSP. It is presumed hypoxic injury unmasked the palatal myoclonus in this setting of dentate nucleus and inferior olivary complex degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Hypothalamic GH Deficiency and gelastic seizures in a 10-year-old girl with MELAS].

A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, in which a pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion deficiency of hypothalamic origin was revealed through neuro-endocrinological examinations, was described. The case was a 10-year-old girl, who had been suffering from generalized tonic seizures since age 5, four episodes of alternating hemiplegia since age 6, stunted growth since age 7, and simple partial motor seizures as well as gelastic seizures since age 8. Marked elevation of lactate and pyruvate in both serum and CSF, abundant ragged red fibers in biopsied muscle, and low density areas in the left occipital lobe and bilateral globus pallidus in addition to diffuse brain atrophy on CT scan and MRI of the head were demonstrated, although the activities of muscle enzymes complex I-IV were within normal ranges. Pituitary GH secretion was deficient under the loadings with insulin, L-DOPA, sleep, and a single growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) administration, but normal GH response was registered under the repetitive stimulation with GRF. Activities of other hormonal axes were normal. It is likely that short stature commonly observed in MELAS patients is due to hypothalamic dysfunction, which might be brought out by chronic ischemia and energy deficiency of the diencephalon based upon mitochondrial abnormality of that region. It is likely that gelastic seizure in this case is due to hypothalamic dysfunction.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1991

[A surgical experience of aortoventriculoplasty (Konno's procedure) for aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of aortic valve ring progressed after the repair of supravalvular aortic stenosis].

A 14-year-old boy with aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of aortic valve ring underwent aortoventriculoplasty (Konno's procedure) successfully nine years after the repair of supravalvular aortic stenosis. His aortic annulus diameter before enlargement was 17 to 18 mm and after the procedure, a 25 mm St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve was implanted. It was adequate size for this large-sized student (173 cm in height, 67 kg in weight). After this operation, mild stenosis of right ventricular outflow tract was presented probably due to insufficient reconstruction of right ventricular outflow for such a dramatic enlargement of aortic annulus. Although this procedure makes possible to implant more than three-size larger prosthetic valve without major complications, we have to be careful about preventing right ventricular outflow tract stenosis in case of requiring enlargement over 40 or 50% of aortic annular circle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cranioplasty with a frozen and autoclaved bone flap.

27 cases of cranioplasty with autogenous bone grafts stored in a deep-freezer and autoclaved before use are reported. The results of follow-up for an average period of one year were satisfactory from the standpoint of brain protection and cosmetic reconstruction. A small area of absorption of grafted bone was observed in two cases on the follow-up skull roentgenograms. No serious complications were seen except in one case, whose bone flap had to be removed due to an epidural abscess. Experiments revealed that deep-freezing and autoclaving had only minimal effects on bone structure, although osteocytes degenerated. Autogenous bone flap after deep-freezing is a useful material for cranioplasty but sterilization before use is indispensable. Autoclaving is a simple method for sterilization of the flap, available in any operating theatre. It does not increase the risk of postoperative complications such as infection or absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cyclic alteration in the anticonvulsant effect of nitrous oxide in rats.

The anticonvulsant action of nitrous oxide and its time course were studied in rats. Bicuculline, a GABA-receptor antagonist, was administered intravenously at a rate of 0.2 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) during exposure to air (n = 60) or 75% nitrous oxide in oxygen (n = 80). The convulsant dose of bicuculline was determined. The rats were divided into subgroups according to the duration of exposure to air or nitrous oxide, from 0 to 120 min at 15 min intervals. Although the convulsant dose of bicuculline was consistent in the air group (1.03 +/- 0.06 mg.kg(-1), mean +/- SEM), it showed two peaks at 30- and 90 min exposures to nitrous oxide. The threshold dose in the nitrous oxide group was significantly higher than in the air group at only 15- and 30 min exposures (1.50 +/- 0.16, 2.15 +/- 0.25 mg.kg(-1), respectively, P < 0.05). We conclude that nitrous oxide has an anticonvulsant action against bicuculline-induced seizure, and that a cyclic nature exists in its action.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Effect of orally administered beta-glucan on macrophage function in mice.

The effect of orally administered SSG, a beta-1,3-glucan obtained from the culture filtrate of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, on the function of peritoneal macrophages in CDF1 mice was examined. Oral administration of SSG (20, 40, 80 or 160 mg/kg, daily for 10 consecutive days) enhanced the acid phosphatase activity of peritoneal macrophages. The greatest enhancing effect was observed at 80 mg/kg of SSG. Relatively long periods of administration (more than 10 consecutive days) were needed to induce significant enhancing effects. Phagocytic activity, candidacidal activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and interleukin-1 (IL-1) production of peritoneal macrophages were also enhanced after the administration of SSG by the oral route (80 or 160 mg/kg). However, the durations of the activated state after completion of administration differed depending on the activity. Enhanced activity of lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) was also shown in peritoneal macrophages taken from C3H/HeJ mice, which is a nonresponder strain to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results demonstrate that SSG given by the oral route can activate peritoneal macrophages in mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Aging effect on frontal lobe function-evaluation by the new modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test].

New Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to ninety-five individuals to assess the effects of age on frontal lobe functions. The correlations between ages and scores were evaluated in the following five subgroups which were classified into whole subjects (TOL, n = 95), normals and patients who were neurologically diagnosed as only having cervical spondylosis (NOR, n = 20), individuals whose age-corrected total intelligence quotients (TIQ) by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were higher than or equal to 100 (HIQ, n = 30), individuals whose TIQ were less than 100 (LIQ, n = 27), and individuals whose Mini-Mental State Examination scores were full (MMS, n = 28). Scores of the WCST including Categories Achieved, Total Errors, Difficulty of Maintaining Set and Perseveration were significantly correlated to ages in four groups such as TOL, NOR, HIQ, and MMS. The correlation of WCST's scores of the four groups indicated almost the same tendency. Some subcategories of the WCST, indicating perservation which were characteristic signs of the frontal lobe dysfunction correlated with ages in these four groups. The groups indicating NOR, HIQ, and MMS were thought to be regarded as being normal controls. And, the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination were not correlated with ages. So, the WCST scores of the MMS group were no thought to be effected by the age-related decline of intelligence. The results might suggest that the age-related decline of the frontal lobe function precedes that of intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of propofol in male volunteers].

A clinical phase 1 study of intravenous anesthetic, propofol, was carried out in 6 male volunteers. Propofol, 1, 2, and 2.5 mg.kg-1, was administered intravenously. Anesthetic effects and effects on vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature, were investigated. Any adverse effects or abnormal laboratory findings were also investigated. Venous blood samples were obtained frequently for 12 hours to measure blood propofol concentrations. One volunteer out of 6 lost consciousness with 1 mg.kg-1 and the remaining with 2 mg.kg-1 within 1.5 min. In 2 volunteers the duration of anesthesia was inadequate for clinical practice with 2 mg.kg-1. Therefore, 2.5 mg.kg-1 was given. Rhythmic high voltage slow waves appeared immediately after the loss of consciousness in EEG and then basic activity changed to 11 approximately 16 Hz, 30 approximately 60 microV. Blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased but no profound hypotension was observed. Body temperature decreased. No adverse effect, such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm or hiccough, occurred. Laboratory test showed no abnormal result. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using a 3 compartment open model. The half time of distribution phase, 2.6 min, was short, and total clearance, 1.68 l.min-1, was high. We conclude that the proper induction dose of this agent is 2 approximately 2.5 mg.kg-1, which is similar to the values previously reported in European investigations, and that this agent is safe and useful for induction of anesthesia.

Adult↗