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Biomedical subjects

M Ono

Publications and source records attributed to M Ono.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Post-operative suppression of natural killer activity].

The effects of anesthesia and surgical procedures on natural killer (NK) cell activity were studied. The data indicated that splenic lymphocytes taken from mice 1 to 5 days after surgery showed significantly diminished activity of natural killing. When splenic lymphocytes were treated by anti-Thy 1 antibody and complement, NK activity to Lewis lung carcinoma cells was remarkably depressed in normal mice, but was not depressed in laparotomized mice. Peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients following major surgery also showed depressed NK activity. The suppression was first detected during the operation. In patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery, the suppression was at its maximum during first three days and decreased to control levels by the day 7 to 14. Following major thoracic surgery, the suppression continued more longer.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical significance of HBeAg and anti-HBe in HBsAg positive liver diseases].

Variation of incidence of HBe antigen (HBeAg) and HBe antibody (anti-HBe) was examined by use of RIA in 72 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases. 1) Percentage of positive HBeAg was highest (71.5%) in chronic active hepatitis with lobular distortion, followed by chronic active hapatitis without lobular distortion (70.0%) and acute hepatitis in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (66.7%). In contrast, it was low in chronic inactive hepatitis (35.7%) and liver cirrhosis (38.5%). None of liver cancers showed HBeAg positive reaction. 2) Percentage of positive HBe antibody (anti-HBe) was highest in liver cancer (100%), followed by liver cirrhosis (61.5%) and chronic inactive hepatitis (50.0%). In acute hepatitis from asymptomatic HBsAg carriers no anti-HBe was found. In chronic active hepatitis the percentage of positive anti-HBe was low, 21.4 and 30.0% with and without lobular distortion, respectively. 3) In 45 patients with persistently positive HBsAg liver diseases, fluctuations of HBeAg and anti-HBe were followed over a period of one year in relation to serum GPT values, an indicator of clinical conditions. Serum GPT tended to fluctuate or to remain high in patients with persistently positive HBeAg or with sporadically positive HBeAg or anti-HBe, whereas it tended to become low or normal with persistently positive anti-HBe or with seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe. However, there were some exceptions to this tendency. From these results we concluded that it is clinically of significant value to determine HBeAg and anti-HBe levels for the effective assessment of the activity and time course of HBsAg positive liver diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Natural cytotoxic reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from digestive tract cancer patients against a colon cancer cell line and virus-infected HeLa cells.

The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients in all pathological stages from I to IV was less than that of healthy persons or patients with benign diseases. However, there was no significant difference in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of cancer patients and healthy individuals, and the correlation between NK and ADCC activities was somewhat lower in cancer patients than in healthy persons. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from digestive tract cancer patients were divided into two fractions on the basis of low affinity erythrocyte (E)-rosette formation. The NK activity of the low affinity E-receptor negative fraction from cancer patients was significantly lower than that of the same fraction from healthy persons. The binding of lymphocytes with target cells is considered to be a first step of natural killing. In cancer patients, there was a decrease in the target-binding capacity of lymphocytes in both fractions. Therefore, the decreased NK activity of cancer patients appeared to be related to a reduced target-binding capacity.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1982

Molecular cloning of retrovirus-like genes present in multiple copies in the Syrian hamster genome.

Endogenous retrovirus-like sequences homologous to intracisternal type-A particle (IAP) genes, which are present in the inbred mouse (Mus musculus) genome, were cloned from a Syrian hamster gene library. A typical hamster IAP gene was 7 kb long and segments homologous to long terminal repeat (IAP) sequences present in Mus musculus IAP genes were located at both ends of the gene. Contrary to the pattern found in the Mus musculus IAP genes, the organization of the cloned hamster IAP genes was not markedly polymorphic and deletion was not observed among these cloned genes. A sequence about 0.8 kb long and located close to the 3' end of the hamster IAP gene was well conserved in both IAP gene families, although they showed less overall homology with one another. The reiteration frequency of the hamster IAP genes was calculated to be 950 copies per haploid genome. Since such IAP genes with the above properties were not found in the genome of the Chinese hamster, whose progenitors diverged from those of the Syrian hamster about 7.5 Myr ago, the integration of a huge number of Syrian hamster IAP genes must have occurred subsequent to such divergence.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The reversal of cortisol-induced inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin production by prostaglandins in the mouse mammary gland in culture.

Previous studies of cultured mammary gland from mid-pregnant mice showed that addition of cortisol at concentrations ranging from 3 X 10(-8) to 3 X 10(-6) M caused progressive increases in casein accumulation but marked decreases in alpha-lactalbumin accumulation in tissue cultured in the presence of insulin and prolactin (Ono, M., and Oka, T. (1980) Cell 19, 473-480). The present studies showed that the addition of prostaglandin (PG) E2 blocked the inhibitory effect of cortisol on the synthesis and accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin without affecting casein production. The effect of PGE2 was observed at a concentration as low as 6.6 X 10(-8) M and was maximal at 2.8 X 10(-6) M. Among various prostaglandins tested, PGE2 and PGE1 were most potent and other prostaglandins were also active with the potency decreasing in the following order: PGF1 alpha greater than or equal to PGF2 alpha greater than or equal to PGA2 greater than or equal to PGB2 greater than PGA1 greater than or equal to PGB1. Arachidonic acid was also effective, but only at very high concentrations, 6.6 X 10(-5)-1.6 X 10(-4) M. The ability of prostaglandins to allow a maximal formation of the two milk proteins suggests a possible modulatory role of prostaglandins in hormonal control of milk-protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intracisternal A-particle genes: structure of adjacent genes and mapping of the boundaries of the transcriptional unit.

Adjacent intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes were identified in two different recombinant DNA clones, gamma 81 and gamma 19. In clone gamma 81, the most common form of IAP gene was separated by 5.3 kilobases from another IAP gene that had two apparent internal deletions. The two genes were in a head-to-tail configuration. In clone gamma 19, two different types of IAP genes were separated by less than 0.5 kilobase. Blot hybridization analysis of mouse DNA demonstrated that the DNA sequence found in clone gamma 81 is identical to the in vivo configuration. Using isolated DNA fragments from clone gamma 19, we mapped the boundaries of the IAP RNA by S1 digestion of RNA-DNA hybrids and by cDNA extension. With these techniques, both the 5' end and the 3' end of the IAP RNA in two different plasmacytomas (MOPC 315 and TEPC 15) were shown to fall within the long terminal direct repeat of the IAP gene. The fragment sizes generated by S1 digestion of IAP RNAs isolated from the two tumor lines were found to differ, indicating that different IAP genes may be transcribed in these two plasmacytomas.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1982

Chinese hamster cell variants resistant to the A chain of ricin carry altered ribosome function.

Ricin, a toxic lectin from Ricinus communis, is composed of two different polypeptide chains, A and B, and the ricin A chain (RA) blocks protein synthesis. We studied cell lines resistant to cytotoxic action of RA. One low-RA-resistant cell line, AR10, isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, was resistant to a low dose of RA (1 microgram/ml) and showed a 10-fold-higher resistance to RA and ricin than that of CHO. We further mutagenized AR10 to isolate high-RA-resistant cell lines AR100-6, AR100-9, and AR100-13, which were resistant to higher doses of RA and ricin (100- to 1,000-fold) than CHO was. The binding of [125I]ricin to AR10, AR100-6, AR100-9, and AR100-13 cells was decreased to about 30% of that of CHO. The internalization of [125I]ricin in AR10 cells and in the high-RA-resistant clones was the same. Polyuridylate-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis, using S-30 extracts from either AR100-9 or AR100-13, was about 100-fold more resistant to the inhibitory action of RA than when CHO, AR10, and AR100-6 cells extracts were used. The protein synthesis with ribosomes (80S) from AR100-9 or AR100-13 was 10- to 100-fold more resistant to RA than it was with parental ribosomes when combined with the S-100 fraction of CHO cells. The polyphenylalanine synthesis assay using the ribosomes constituted from the 60S subunit of AR100-9 and the 40S subunit of CHO indicated that the resistant phenotype of AR100-9 cells is due to an alteration of the 60S ribosomal subunit.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ossification of the thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament in a fixed population. Radiological and neurological manifestations.

Reportedly, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) usually involves the cervical spine and often accompanies other ligamentous ossification such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). It is considered serious because it sometimes causes severe radiculomyelopathy; however, the present study, based on a fixed population sample, revealed that OPLL of the thoracic spine is nearly always asymptomatic. The prevalence of thoracic OPLL was 0.6%, with three times as many women as men being affected, compared with cervical OPLL which occurs predominantly among men. No marked radiculomyelopathy was observed, nor definite evidence of neurological involvement due to thoracic OPLL. DISH was rare, especially among women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prolactin directly inhibits basal as well as gonadotropin-stimulated secretion of progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol in the human ovary.

An ovarian perifusion technique was used to determine if there is a direct suppressive effect of PRL on human gonadal steroid secretion. Ovarian tissue from nine patients was examined. Ovine PRL (0.1-10 IU/ml) directly suppressed progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol secretion by human ovaries. hCG (1-10 IU/ml) stimulated both progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol secretion. Simultaneous administration of PRL (5-10 IU/ml) suppressed the stimulatory effect of hCG. The ovarian tissue obtained from a hyperprolactinemic patient did not respond to hCG. These results indicate that PRL inhibits both basal and gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian steroid secretion by human ovaries and that this may be one cause of the hypogonadism associated with hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vasopressin on rat urinary prostaglandin excretion.

We studied the influence of rat renal prostaglandin on the effect of vasopressin, in vivo. In water-loaded rats, vasopressin induced a dose-related increase in total urinary prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F excretion and a decrease in total urine output. Urine excretion, which peaked in water-loaded controls during the first 2 h after loading, was suppressed in vasopressin-treated rats, however, their urinary prostaglandin E excretion was markedly enhanced. This increase in urinary prostaglandin E was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of indomethacin, and the 3-6 h post-administration peak in urine output of vasopressin-treated rats was inhibited. In hypophysectomized rats, urine excretion increased gradually after surgery, however, urinary prostaglandin E excretion decreased. Based on our present findings, we suggest that prostaglandin E produced in the rat kidney modulate the renal response to vasopressin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma LH, FSH and TSH responses to the synthetic enkephalin analog (FK 33-824) in normal subjects and patients with pituitary diseases.

D-Ala, Mephe, Met, enkephalin (Sandoz FK 33-824), 1.0 or 0.5 mg, was administered by i.v. infusion to normal subjects, patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary adenoma and patients with pituitary dwarfism. FK 33-824 induced no significant change in plasma level of LH, FSH or TSH in any of the subjects studied. These results suggest a lesser role of opioid regulation in the release of above pituitary hormones compared with that in GH, PRL and cortisol.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of exogenously administered renin in mouse kidney.

Purified mouse submaxillary gland renin was labelled with iodine(125I) by the chloramine-T method and this 125I labelled renin was given to male ICR mice (6-7 wks. old), intravenously in a dose of 20 ng(2 microCi)/40 g body weight. At a specified time, the kidneys of these treated mice were excised, the radioactivity determined and the tissues immediately prepared for microscope and electron microscope autoradiography(micro-ARG and EM-ARG). Silver grains accumulated mainly at the apical site of the proximal convoluted tubules but were not identified in other areas of the nephron, including macula densa or in the arterial wall, glomeruli, and juxtaglomerular cells (micro-ARG). Silver grains were seen in the pinocytotic vesicles, vacuoles and lysosomal granules(EM-ARG). This is the first demonstration that exogenous renin is ultrafiltered through glomerular capillaries and is reabsorbed by pinocytosis in the one-third upper area of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Animals↗