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Biomedical subjects

M Okuno

Publications and source records attributed to M Okuno.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Topographical relationship between the axonemal arrangement and the bend direction in starfish sperm flagella.

Since starfish spermatozoa have spherical heads, it is not easy to determine the topographical relationship of the axoneme to the directions of the flagellar bends, the principal, and the reverse bends as defined by Gibbons and Gibbons [J. Cell. Biol. 1972, 63:970-985]. The demembranated spermatozoa are known to take the quiescent "cane" shape with a sharp principal bend at the proximal region of the flagellum in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+. When such spermatozoa were placed on a grid for electron microscopy, fixed with osmic acid vapor, washed with distilled water, and negatively stained with uranyl acetate, the head of the spermatozoon was disrupted and dispersed disclosing the proximal centriole at the proximal end of the flagellum. The proximal centriole was always found on the concave side of the "cane"-shaped flagella. Electron microscopy of the serial thin sections of intact and demembranated spermatozoa revealed that the doublet microtubules numbers 5 and 6 were contained in the convex edge of the principal bend.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Colorectal carcinoma in young adults.

Charts of 570 patients with colorectal carcinoma surgically treated in one institution during a 13 year period were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate clinicopathologic patterns and surgical results of those 39 years of age or under. Of the 570 patients, 57 (10 percent) were 39 years of age or under, and this group included more female patients than the older control group. Mucinous carcinoma was frequently found on histologic examination, with significantly high incidences of lymph node involvement, peritoneal dissemination, and advanced tumor stages by Dukes' classification in the young patients. The overall cumulative 5 year survival rate in the younger group was significantly lower than that in the control group (41 percent and 55.9 percent, respectively), whereas the difference in rates among the two groups for curative resection was not statistically significant (71.6 percent and 76.3 percent, respectively). Early diagnosis and attempts at curative resection are of utmost importance in the treatment of young patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[A case of primary psoas abscess with paravesical extension].

We report a case of primary psoas abscess with paravesical extension. A 16-year-old man who had suffered from remittent fever for two months was admitted to our clinic. He had no urological symptoms or walking disturbances, but ultrasonography showed a well-defined echoic mass at the right paravesical space. Computed tomography confirmed this finding, and right psoas muscle appeared to be enlarged with irregular low density areas. Percutaneous drainage for right paravesical abscess was performed, and 15 ml of pus was obtained. The bacterial and fungal culture of the specimen resulted in no growth of any organisms. Six days after percutaneous drainage, he received en bloc resection of right paravesical abscess with segmental resection of bladder wall and peritoneum adherent to it. Furthermore, the affected region of the right psoas muscle was salvaged as highly upward as possible. Surgical specimen disclosed, pathologically, a non-specific granuloma with stellate necrosis. This finding suggested a feature of cat-scratch disease, tularemia, lymphogranuloma venereum and Yersinia infection. We reviewed the related literature on diagnostic images such as CT, ultrasonography and 67Ga scintigraphy. Moreover, bacterial causes and therapy of primary psoas abscess are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[Rationale of preoperative chemotherapy of osteosarcoma].

The rationale of preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma requires: eradication of microscopic metastatic foci which have already occurred in many patients with osteosarcoma, determination of a more effective form of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and easier and safer limb-salvage procedures through clearer marginal definition with reduction of primary lesions. In this paper, chemotherapeutic effects on the 5-year survival rate were analyzed for 49 patients with primary non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with radical surgery. The efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy was assessed in 11 cases of osteosarcomas treated with systemic chemotherapy as a preliminary study. As to the 5-year cumulative survival rate, the systemic group (20 cases) showed a level of 56.7%, which was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than the figure of 13.8% in a historical retrospective group (29 cases). In assessing the effective tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy, a close correlation between the tumor necrotic ratio and the ratio of decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase was revealed. Seven (63.6%) of 11 cases showed correlation of the tumor necrotic ratio with the ratio of decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase. The tumor necrotic ratios calculated were relatively definite (50-60%) in the CDDP group (3 cases), varied (10-70%) in the HDMTX group (4 cases), and low (less than 40%) in the ADR group (4 cases), regarded as a control group in further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum fatty acid concentrations in patients on postoperative parenteral nutrition with and without fat.

To examine changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids, sixteen patients with gastric cancer were maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or intravenous feeding immediately after total gastrectomy. Subjects receiving no fat showed decreases in linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid and increases in palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, whereas those receiving fat emulsion showed no detectable changes. Decrease in the linoleic acid content was greater in subjects on a higher carbohydrate intake, but less in those on a higher fat intake. Multiple regression analysis of the relationships among carbohydrate intake (X1) and fat intake (X2) and changes in the linoleic acid percentage of total serum fatty acids (Y) in each case yielded an equation: Y =-4.75 X1 + 69.0 X2 - 27.9 (R = 0.885, p less than 0.05). Approximately 1 g/kg/day of fat provided in 40-50 kcal/kg/day of nonprotein energy intake was estimated to prevent decrease in the linoleic acid content in the serum fatty acid pattern during the postoperative catabolic stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isoleucine and valine oxidation following skeletal trauma in rats.

Nitrogen losses in the urine are derived from amino acid oxidation, and the increased loss of urinary nitrogen during stress indicates accelerated amino acid oxidation. This study compared isoleucine and valine oxidation by traumatized rats with that by pair-fed control rats. Seventy rats received bilateral hind limb fractures and were fed an oral liquid diet ad libitum, and 70 healthy rats were pair-fed with the trauma group. Daily food intake, body weight, and 24-hr urinary nitrogen were monitored for each animal, and isoleucine and valine oxidation were measured on days 1 through 7 postinjury using five rats from each group for each amino acid. Amino acid oxidation was determined from the percentage of dose appearing in the breath during 4 hours following a single injection of C-14 labeled amino acid. Anesthesia had a pronounced effect on all parameters on day 1, and its effects were dissipated by day 2. Skeletal trauma produced elevated urinary nitrogen losses that lasted for 5 days and peaked on day 3. Valine and isoleucine oxidation were increased for 5 days, and the peak increase occurred on day 3 post-trauma. These data show that isoleucine and valine oxidation parallel excessive urinary nitrogen excretion after skeletal trauma and that isoleucine and valine, like leucine, contribute to the increased urinary losses after trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative total parenteral nutrition in patients with liver disorders.

Sixty-one patients with liver disorders receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for about 14 postoperative days were divided into three groups based on the parenteral nutritional regimen. The influence of these TPN solutions on the liver function tests and the nutritional assessments, and the availability of the specially formulated amino acid solution were studied. Glucose alone as energy source was infused in Group Ia. The mixture of glucose and fructose was infused in Group Ib. In these patients (Group I), a commercially available amino acid solution was administered simultaneously. A specially formulated amino acid, rich in branched-chain amino acids but poor in aromatic amino acids was infused with the mixture of glucose and fructose in Group II. There was no remarkable elevation of blood glucose and lactate levels in all patients. Blood glucose levels in Group Ib were maintained lower than that in Group Ia. Except for serum alkaline phosphatase, no remarkable abnormality was observed in liver function tests. Body weight changes were less than 5% in each group. Average nitrogen balances were -44.5 mg/kg/day in Group Ia, -5.5 mg/kg/day in Group Ib, -51.5 mg/kg/day in Group II. While the abnormalities in serum amino acid pattern and molar ratio of leucine, isoleucine, and valine to phenylalanine and tyrosine tend to be more enhanced in Group I, these abnormalities returned to near normal in Group II during TPN. By multiple linear regression analyses, 45 kcal/kg/day of energy intake would be required to maintain nitrogen equilibrium and zero body weight change. And when nitrogen intakes were 159 mg/kg/day in Group Ia, 114 mg/kg/day in Group Ib, and 189 mg/kg/day in Group II at 45 kcal/kg/day in energy intake, nitrogen balances were expected to be equivalent. These results suggest that postoperative TPN is good for nutritional support in patients with liver disorders. And also, the combination of glucose and fructose has better effect on nitrogen balance. The postoperative TPN with a specially formulated amino acid solution may be a valuable way of maintaining the nutritional status as well as normal serum amino acid pattern in patients with liver disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A rat model for evaluating leucine oxidation after skeletal trauma.

The oxidation of branched-chain amino acids following skeletal trauma or sepsis is considered a crucial event in the protein wastage that accompanies these stresses. This investigation undertook to monitor changes in leucine oxidation following bilateral femoral fracture to the rat to determine if this model is appropriate for monitoring specific amino acid oxidation after trauma. Thirty-five rats had hindlimb fractures and were fed an oral liquid diet ad libitum; 35 healthy rats were pair-fed with the trauma group. Food intake, body weight, and urinary nitrogens were monitored daily for all rats, and leucine oxidation was measured for five rats from each group on days 1 through 7 post-trauma. Leucine oxidation was qualitatively compared between the groups (from the percentage of isotope respired in 4 hours following a single injection of L-[l-14C] leucine). Skeletal fracture resulted in increased urinary nitrogen excretions on days 2 through 5 when compared to pair-fed animals. The traumatized rats compared to pair-fed controls had elevated leucine oxidation on days 2 through 4, and a tendency towards elevation on day 5. The peak in elevation occurred on day 3 when leucine oxidation was increased 49% above pair-fed rats. The data suggest an association between leucine oxidation and urinary excretion of nitrogen in this trauma model, and when the results are compared to our previous studies of leucine oxidation in traumatized patients, traumatized rats appear to respond similarly to injured patients in the acceleration of leucine oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Changes in serum levels of pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, trypsin, and elastase 1 after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

To compare the behavior of pancreatic enzymes in the circulation, serum levels of pancreatic isoamylase activity, lipase activity, immunoreactive trypsin (IRT), and immunoreactive elastase 1 (IRE) were measured in the same serum samples taken serially from 29 subjects undergoing endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). A striking correlation between the maximal increments of serum pancreatic enzyme levels after ERP and the degrees of opacification of pancreatic duct system was observed, except in 6 subjects with chronic pancreatitis. In 13 out of 19 subjects whose main pancreatic duct (MPD) and branches were opacified, serum pancreatic enzyme levels reached a peak within 2 hours after ERP and decreased thereafter. The mean maximal rise of serum levels of lipase, IRT, pancreatic isoamylase, and IRE in the 13 subjects was 32, 21, 10, and 4 times the basal value, respectively. A delay of peaking in serum levels of pancreatic isoamylase and IRE as compared with those of lipase and IRT was observed in the 13 subjects. The mean disappearance half-time of serum lipase, IRT, pancreatic isoamylase, and IRE in the 13 subjects was 2.8, 4.6, 8.0 and 16.0 hours, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Marked prolongation in disappearance half-time of plasma cholecystokinin-octapeptide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

For exploration on the elimination of cholecystokinin from the circulation, the disappearance half-time of cholecystokinin-octapeptide was estimated with cholecystokinin specific radioimmunoassay in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure and with hepatic cirrhosis. With a brief infusion of 30.4 ng/kg of cholecystokinin-octapeptide for 2 min, plasma cholecystokinin level rose from 16.1 +/- 3.6 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) to 216.5 +/- 6.1 pg/ml at 3 min after starting infusion, and decreased rapidly in a single exponential fashion for 10 min in hepatic cirrhosis. The disappearance half-time of cholecystokinin-octapeptide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis was 2.45 +/- 0.07 min, and it was significantly longer than that in normal subjects (1.30 +/- 0.07) or patients with chronic renal failure (1.70 +/- 0.11). These findings suggest that the liver plays a major role in cholecystokinin-octapeptide elimination in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Release of vasoactive intestinal peptide by intraduodenal infusion of HCl or fat and intramuscular injection of neostigmine in man.

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay system for plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was developed to examine the effect of intraduodenal infusion of HCl or fat on the plasma VIP levels in healthy subjects, and the effect of intramuscular injection of neostigmine in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Intraduodenal infusion of 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl or 10 g fat caused a significant rise in plasma VIP level. Neostigmine (12.5 micrograms/kg) produced a significant rise in plasma VIP level, and the plasma VIP response to neostigmine was significantly greater in the IBS group than in the normal group. These results suggest that VIP might play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma presenting bleeding gastric varices and splenomegaly.

This is a report of a 63-year-old Japanese woman with a nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas presenting bleeding gastric varices and splenomegaly. These manifestations are extremely rare in patients with nonfunctioning islet cell tumor. The tumor originated in the tail of the pancreas and grew mainly within the spleen. The gastric varices due to increased blood flow to the tumor and arteriovenous fistulas within the tumor were confirmed by angiography and operation. The tumor was resected and she is in a good health for 14-months after the operation.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗