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Biomedical subjects

M Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Myocardial perfusion assessed by digital subtraction angiography.

Perfusion of each myocardial portion in ischemic heart disease was assessed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). There were 45 cases of ischemic heart disease and five normal controls. The contrast medium was 40 ml 76% Urografin which was injected into the central vein at a rate of 16 ml/sec using a 5F thin-wall catheter. A myocardial image was extracted, and a time-density curve for the corresponding portion was obtained. In the normal controls, the density was maximum in systole with a gradual decrease in diastole. In all myocardial infarction cases, the wave pattern disappeared. In the group whose infarcted areas were small (26 of the 45 cases), 22 (85% of of the 26 cases) exhibited slowly increasing pattern. In the group whose infarcted areas were large (19 of the 45 cases) 15 cases (79%) had plateau type pattern. Observations of the perfusion of the myocardium using DSA facilitated quantitative diagnoses of the infarcted areas and forecasts of myocardial viability.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer].

Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of MMC 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified 5-FU was used orally in 182 patients with gastric cancer; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified 5-FU enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the primary lesion. However, the 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer patients undergoing preoperative emulsified 5-FU therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of patients with Stage III gastric cancer. On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 patients with gastric cancer. These preoperative treatments using MMC, 5-FU, VLB, MTX and/or cytosine arabinoside entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 patients was compared with that for 99 patients with gastric cancer in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 patients were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In patients without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine patients with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated patients with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Recombinant immune interferon inhibits leukemic cell growth by a monocyte-macrophage-mediated mechanism.

We have investigated direct and monocyte-macrophage (Mono/M phi)-mediated indirect effects of recombinant immune interferon (IFN-gamma) on the growth of established leukemic cell lines (K562, KG1, ML1, HL60, U937, and THP1). The direct antiproliferative effects of IFN-gamma on these leukemic cells were mild or negligible, when estimated by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Indirect effects were assessed by the growth pattern of leukemic cells cocultured with Mono/M phi that were pretreated with INF-gamma. While the leukemic cell growth was slightly suppressed by untreated Mono/M phi, this suppression was significantly augmented by the treatment of Mono/M phi with IFN-gamma (10-10,000 U/ml). In addition, the indirect effects of IFN-gamma on leukemic cell growth were examined at different stages of maturation of Mono/M phi. The augmentation of cytotoxicity was detected only when mature Mono/M phi were treated with INF-gamma. This suggests that IFN-gamma acts on tissue macrophages and augments their cytotoxicity against leukemic cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1985

[A case of retroperitoneal neurinoma].

Retroperitoneal neurinoma is a rare disease, although retroperitoneal tumor is rather common. A 40-year-old man without any clinical symptoms was admitted to our hospital for a medical examination. Ultrasonogram demonstrated a cystic mass over the right kidney. This cystic mass was suggested to be a right adrenal tumor by CT scan and angiogram. All of the laboratory data including endocrinological data were within the normal limits. Under the diagnosis of right non-functioning adrenal tumor, an operation was performed through a right lumbal incision. A round and tennis ball sized tumor with a fibrous capsule was identified and freed from the right kidney and the right adrenal gland, and the tumor was extirpated uneventfully. The surgical specimen was 9.5 X 8.0 X 6.5 cm in size, 260 g in weight, and the histological diagnosis was neurinoma (Antoni-B type).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of chemotherapy of advanced malignant ovarian tumors].

Malignant ovarian tumor is regarded as the disease with the worse prognosis among obstetrical and gynecological malignancies. In the past, a great number of trials have been done with single or combined treatments. Because of the rather low incidence of malignant ovarian tumor in any one hospital over a short period of time and the numerous factors affecting the prognosis of patients, no definite procedures have been established so far. In order to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy, 460 cases were investigated retrospectively. These cases were treated primarily with surgery from 1974 to 1979 and adjuvant chemotherapy was selected freely by the doctors responsible. Cumulative 5-year survival rates were calculated as 88.8% for a low potential malignant group, 65.9% for stage I ovarian cancer, 40.6% for stage II, 9.7% for stage III, 0% for stage IV and 10% for metastatic tumor from other organs. The effects of chemotherapy were investigated especially for stage III and IV and the metastatic tumor group. Cumulative survival curves were justified by generalized Wilcoxon test. An MFC combination, a double-agent, a single-agent and a no-chemotherapy group were compared by survival curves. There were statistical significances between the MFC and no-chemotherapy group, and the double-agent and no-chemotherapy group. Significant tendency was present between the MFC and single-agent group. Several popularly-used combinations in this period such as MFC, VEM, METT, FAMT, METVFC and a group with other combinations were compared. There were no statistical significances among the 6 combinations, but an MFC combination seemed to be a better treatment for malignant ovarian tumors judging from accumulative survival curves.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Chemosensitivity test for gynecologic malignancies by in vitro colony assay].

In Vitro Colony Assay was carried out to examine chemosensitivity in 57 specimens from gynecologic malignancies, and following results were obtained. Total of 34 (59.6%) formed adequate colonies for sensitive assay. Among ten anticancer drugs that were tested, Cis-platinum, Adriamycin, 5-FU and Bleomycin were relatively effective for ovarian malignancies. In vivo chemosensitive tests were also performed using five xenograft systems of human gynecologic tumor. These in vivo results were compared with in vitro data, and a 75% true positive and an 87.5% true negative rate were observed. Retrospective correlations between in vitro chemosensitive data and patient responses to chemotherapy were analyzed from 15 evaluable patients, then a 71.5% true positive and a 75% true negative rate were observed. To obtain pharmacokinetic data on anticancer drugs, we measured concentrations of plasma and tumor tissue for Cis-platinum, Adriamycin and Bleomycin in operated patients and xenografts. The in vivo tissue concentrations were higher than the in vitro drug concentrations usually employed in colony assay. By comparing the inhibitory effects on tumor colony growth of 1-hr and continuous drug exposures in colony assay, in vitro continuous exposure schedules were made available for cell cycle specific anticancer drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Amygdaloid and cortical facilitation or inhibition of trigeminal motoneurons in the rat.

The effects of electrical stimulation of the rat's contralateral frontal cortex as well as bilateral central amygdaloid nuclei were examined on the masseteric and mylohyoid-anterior digastric motoneurons which innervate a jaw closing muscle and jaw opening ones, respectively. Thirty-six percent of masseteric motoneurons were inhibited and 14% were facilitated by stimulation of the cortex and the central amygdaloid nucleus. Fifteen percent were inhibited or facilitated by either stimulation, although 36% were unaffected. No masseteric motoneuron was facilitated by one, stimulation and inhibited by the other. A majority of mylohyoid-digastric motoneurons were facilitated by stimulation of the cortex and the central amygdaloid nucleus although 17% were facilitated by either stimulation and 17% were unaffected. No mylohyoid-digastric motoneuron was inhibited. Therefore, the frontal cortex and the central amygdaloid nucleus have convergent control of jaw movements primarily in the opening direction.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of the role of surgery for stage III bronchogenic carcinoma.

In order to assess the role of surgery for stage III bronchogenic carcinoma, we reviewed our results of 282 patients who were treated with surgical resection or various other therapy modalities. The survival in patients who underwent surgical resection was significantly better than those with nonresectable carcinoma. However, superior survival results were demonstrated only in patients with complete resection. In contrast, the survival in patients with palliative resection was similar to that in patients with exploratory thoracotomy and inoperable carcinoma. On the other hand, all patients with T3N2 lesions died of their disease within two years after surgery even when undergoing complete resection. Thus, we conclude that radical resection should be indicated in patients with T3N0-1 and T1-2N2 lesions if complete resection is expected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Intranuclear inclusions in muscle, nervous tissue, and adrenal gland.

A 30-year-old man had had chronic progressive wasting and weakness of muscles for 17 years. A muscle biopsy 5 years prior to death revealed myopathic changes were rimmed vacuoles and intranuclear inclusions which corresponded to "inclusion body myositis". At autopsy, intranuclear inclusions were observed in neurons, oligodendroglia, and in parenchymal cells of the adrenal medulla. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions in muscles, nervous tissue, and adrenal medulla were identical and consisted of abnormal tubulolinear structures measuring 10-20 nm in diameter. Similar inclusions have been reported in muscles with "inclusion body myositis" and in the nervous system with "neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease", respectively. Absence of clinical symptoms related to the CNS and adrenal gland, and well-preserved parenchymal cells in these organs of our patient suggest a benign nature of the disease except in the muscular system. Attempts to isolate a virus from the brain were fruitless . This patient may serve to connect both diseases in muscles and the nervous system, and to disclose the etiology of these inclusions.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with anti-measles cow colostrum.

Previous virological and immunological studies have suggested that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune disease triggered by a virus infection. In order to inhibit the growth of measles virus in the patient's jejunum, we obtained an IgA-rich cow colostrum containing anti-measles lactoglobulin resistant to proteases. This colostrum was orally administered to patients with MS to investigate its effect on the course of the disease. Measles-positive antibody colostrum was orally administered every morning to 15 patients with MS at a daily dosage of 100 ml for 30 days. Similarly, measles-negative antibody (less than 8) control colostrum was orally administered to 5 patients. As a clinical assessment, disability scores developed by the International Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies were used. As a result, of 7 high NT titre (512-5120) anti-measles colostrum recipients 5 patients improved and 2 remained unchanged. Among 8 low NT titre (8-32) anti-measles colostrum recipients 5 patients improved and 3 remained unchanged. However, of 5 negative NT titre (less than 8) colostrum recipients 2 patients remained unchanged and 3 worsened. No side-effects were observed in colostrum recipients. These findings suggest the efficacy of orally administered anti-measles colostrum in improving the condition of MS patients (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The digitoxin metabolism in isolated hepatocytes from young and old male Wistar rats.

The metabolism of digitoxin (Dt3) in isolated hepatocyte preparations was studied in young (3-mth-old) male and female rats, young castrated (3-mth-old) male rats and old (22- to 28-mth-old) male rats. When hepatocytes were incubated with [3H]Dt3, the predominant metabolite of Dt3 was digitoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside (Dt2) which was 70-90% of the total metabolites in the three male rat groups. Only in the young female rat group was the proportion of Dt2 (40%) slightly exceeded by that of digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside (Dg2) (50%). A kinetic analysis for Dt3 degradation velocity obtained from studies using different Dt3 concentrations in old male rats yielded a Vmax of only 21% of the young value. In young castrated males, the Vmax also decreased to 13% of the young non-castrated males, which is approaching the young female value. The changes were primarily due to the decline of Dt2 formation velocity in these groups. Apparent Km values also decreased with both castration and aging. The plasma testosterone levels which were much higher in young male rats than in female rats became significantly lower in young castrated rats as well as in old male rats. The results suggest that apparent decreases in Vmax and Km values observed in old male rats for Dt3 metabolic degradation may be at least partly through the steroidal hormone control, presumably, the decline of androgenic induction during aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

The emergency medical system in Japan.

In Japan, ambulance service was originated by the Osaka Branch Office of the Japan Red Cross in 1931. In 1933 the fire department organ of Yokohama started ambulance service. It was, however, without any legal requirements. Since the early 1960s, Japan has experienced a rapid development of industry and economy, so that traffic accidents have increased, necessitating a nationwide ambulance service system. In October 1961 the Director-General of the Fire Defense Agency organized the Fire Defense Council to study the problem of ambulance service. In response, the Fire Defense Act was amended in 1963, assigning ambulance service responsibilities to Fire Defense organs. During 1982 total ambulance runs numbered 2,125,447, and the total number of transported persons was 2,049,487. Response time is excellent in Japan. More than 50% of persons who called an ambulance could get help within five minutes. First-aid management was given to 56% of total transported persons. Of these, temperature regulation was most often administered, followed by oxygen inhalation, dressing, and hemostasis. Currently, 2,965 (91.1%) municipalities provide ambulance services to 98.3% of the population. The Japanese emergency medical system has serious problems, however, such as an inadequate number of general hospitals and a flood of nonemergent patients. To alleviate such problems, the Ministry of Health and Welfare developed the critical emergency transfer system in 1977.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1984

Relation of fine structure to prognosis for papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Eight cases of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Prognoses for all but one patient were favorable. Two patients (husband and wife) who underwent tumor resection during the same year experienced no disease-related problems for more than seven years afterward. Microscopic study of the papillary adenocarcinomas revealed columnar, peg-shaped, mucus-secreting tumor cells lining the alveoli. The tumor tissue contained alveolar macrophages, with some multinucleated giant cells, interstitial lymphoid infiltrates, mildly thickened alveolar walls, and a few pneumoconiotic foci. These inflammatory stromal reactions in the tumor tissue might have been associated with the favorable prognoses. Nuclear inclusions were detected in some tumor cells in all cases. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions contained tubular, granular, crystalline, and electron-dense homogeneous structures in addition to unclassifiable nuclear bodies. The tubular structures were in close proximity to inner leaflets of the nuclear membranes. The papillary adenocarcinoma cells had features of totipotential bronchioloalveolar cells, differentiating toward type II pneumocytes, Clara cells, and ciliated epithelial cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Microinjected pBR322 stimulates cellular DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells.

When pBR322 is manually microinjected into the nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells it stimulates the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The evidence clearly shows that this increased incorporation that is detected by in situ autoradiography in microinjected cells represents cellular DNA synthesis and not DNA repair or plasmid replication. The effect is due to pBR322 and not due to impurities, mechanical perturbances due to the microinjection technique, or aspecific effects. This stimulation is striking in Swiss 3T3 cells. Some NIH 3T3 cells show a slight stimulation, but hamster cells, derived from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, are not stimulated when microinjected with pBR322. The preliminary evidence seems to indicate that the integrity of the pBR322 genome is important for the stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells. These results, although of a preliminary nature, are of interest because they indicate that a prokaryotic genome may alter the cell cycle of mammalian cells. From a practical point of view the stimulatory effect of microinjected pBR322 on cellular DNA synthesis has a more immediate interest, because pBR322 is the vector most commonly used for molecular cloning and 3T3 cells are very frequently used for gene transfer experiments.

Animals↗