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Biomedical subjects

M Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Separation of HT and HTO in the atmosphere with porous Vycor glass tube].

The continuous selective monitoring of tritium gas (HT) in the air containing HT and tritiated water vapor (HTO) was investigated by using the separation cell made of porous Vycor glass tube. On admitting the air containing HT or HTO into the separation cell, HT permeated immediately through the Vycor tube depending on the partial pressure, however, HTO permeated very slowly through the Vycor tube after initial induction period. The initial induction period was elongated with a rise of the temperature of separation cell and then the permeability of HTO decreased remarkably. In the air containing HT and water vapor, the permeation of HT through the Vycor tube was considerably restricted by the water vapor adsorbed on the Vycor tube at lower temperature (at 25 degrees C) but it was hardly affected by water vapor at higher temperature (greater than 50 degrees C) since water vapor was difficult to adsorb on the Vycor tube. These results indicated that HT in the air containing HT and water vapor can be continuously monitored by using the separation cell made of the porous Vycor glass tube.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of Mallory bodies to intermediate filaments in hepatocytes. A scanning electron microscopy study.

Livers from 12 mice fed griseofulvin for 4 to 6 months were perfused in situ with a detergent solution to extract lipid membranes leaving the cytoskeleton intact. Seven control mice were similarly studied. After 30 to 120 minutes perfusion, liver samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. By light microscopy, Mallory bodies (MBs) were observed in pericentral hepatocytes. These were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Intermediate filaments (IFs) were observed in close apposition to MBs. Numerous IFs were seen throughout the cytoplasm. The 3-dimensional organization of the cytoskeleton and MBs were clearly visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The IFs were disorganized in the hepatocytes and formed small MBs in griseofulvin-treated mice. In the case of hepatocytes containing large MBs, there was an apparent decrease in the concentration of IFs. Transition forms of dense networks of IFs between the normal cytoskeleton and the MBs were noted in the cytoplasm between small MBs and the nucleus and also at the cell border. The IFs connected to the nucleus and invaded the MBs. The MBs appeared to form as a result of condensation or collapse of the IFs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adjuvant actions of linear mannan-possessing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice.

Immunopotentiation has been demonstrated when Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS), which possesses a linear mannan as the O-specific side chain, was injected subcutaneously into endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ mice together with soluble protein antigens. The LPS exhibited significantly positive adjuvant effects on antibody responses in vivo after secondary antigen challenge and on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions against protein antigens. However, KO3 LPS was not a polyclonal B cell activator (PBA) in C3H/HeJ mice nor mitogenic in cultures of spleen cells of C3H/HeJ. Thus, the activity of the LPS in C3H/HeJ mice is confined to the potentiation of T-dependent immune responses. The contribution of the mannan O side chain to the adjuvant action of KO3 LPS was suggested.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Elevation of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with serious injury.

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in serum was measured periodically in 15 patients with serious abdominal and non-abdominal injuries. From the second or third posttraumatic day, serum PSTI began to rise. Elevation of serum PSTI to more than twice the initial value was seen in 93% of the patients following serious injury. In uneventful cases, it declined and returned to the level at the time of admission within 14 days, but in the patients with serious inflammations and in the patient who died, it remained elevated. The change in the concentration of serum PSTI was significantly correlated with those of the acute phase reactants (fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin). There was no correlation between the level of serum PSTI and serum amylase activity or creatinine.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

[Anticancer treatment with a combination of antimetabolites of polyamine and pyrimidine].

A combined efficacy of the polyamine antimetabolites, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG) with two fluorinated pyrimidines was studied. DFMO, MGBG, 5-FU and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) were administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing xenotransplanted human gastric cancer for 5 consecutive days. Similar antitumor efficacies were observed in 3 groups treated with DFMO plus MGBG, DFMO, MGBG plus 5-FU as well as DFMO, MGBG plus 5'-DFUR. The two groups on 5-FU or 5'-DFUR alone did not differ in antitumor effects from the control, although reasonable levels of 5-FU were involved in tumor tissues. Hepatic and splenic 5-FU levels after 5-FU administration were significantly higher than those after 5'-DFUR, and marked decrease in mouse body weight was caused by 5-FU alone as well as 5-FU plus polyamine antimetabolites for 5 consecutive days. DNA biosynthesis and spermine levels in the tumor tissues on day 2 after cessation of the treatments dropped in 3 groups with DFMO plus MGBG, DFMO, MGBG plus 5'-DFUR as well as DFMO, MGBG plus 5-FU, while on day 6 there was little difference between the control and treated groups. These data suggest that combination with 5-FU or 5'-DFUR does not enhance the antitumor activity of polyamine antimetabolites by this experimental regimen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immune reactivity to Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in patients with lung cancer detected by superoxide assay-leukocyte adherence inhibition test.

The immune reactivity to partially purified Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen was investigated in patients with lung cancer. The modified method of original leukocyte adherence inhibition test, termed superoxide assay-leukocyte adherence inhibition test, was used to detect the reactivity. The coded peripheral mononuclear cells from 34 of 50 (68%) patients with lung cancer showed a positive response to the antigen whereas in only 3 of 19 (16%) patients with benign pulmonary disease was there a reaction to the antigen. The same experiments were performed using the 3 m KCl extract of lung tumors as an antigen. In this case in 39 of 50 (78%) patients with lung cancer but in only 4 of 24 (17%) with benign pulmonary disease and in none of the breast cancer patients (0 of 17) was there a reaction to the antigen. These results strongly suggest that patients with lung cancer are sensitized to both Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen and tumor-associated antigens expressed in cancer cells of lung tissue origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical significance of CEA levels in lung cancer].

Serum concentrations of CEA, Ferritin, beta 2-MG, TPA and IAP were measured in patients with lung cancer. Significant difference of positive rate between lung cancer and benign chest disease was observed only in CEA and TPA. CEA elevations occurred most frequently with stage IV and histologically with adenocarcinoma. Positive CEA levels (greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml) of pleural effusion were observed in 75% of all patients with lung cancer and increased to 94% in patients with positive cytology of effusion. There was not significant difference of bronchial washings CEA levels between lung cancer and benign chest disease. Furthermore, serial measurement of postoperative CEA levels had considerable value in monitoring the course of disease following resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Multidisciplinary treatment of lung cancer].

In our hospital 94 patients with small cell lung cancer were admitted the past 10 years. 21 patient have undergone surgical resection following the chemotherapy with VEMT regimen. The 5 year survival rate of the patients after resection was 32.7%. The MST for 52 non-surgical patient received VEMT regimen was 8 M, but MST for the recent 15 patients received CAV or COMP regimens is prolonged by 17 M. On the treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, our recent study shows a significant improvement in response rates for patients on platinum-containing combination chemotherapy. CAP regimen produces a longer MST in patients with adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma compared with MFC regimen (13 M vs 9 M).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in postoperative lung cancer patients.

A randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy was performed in patients with operable lung cancer from November 1977 to June 1981. The immunotherapy consisted of an intrapleural instillation of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) followed by serial intradermal N-CWS. A total of 119 patients were entered into this trial. There were 64 evaluable patients in the control group and 52 evaluable patients in the N-CWS group. N-CWS treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of duration of remission for all operable patients. Although significant improvement in the survival rate was not observed in patients at Stages I and II (p less than 0.10), it was observed in the curative operation group (p less than 0.05). The mode of recurrence was classified as local recurrence and distant metastasis in the curative operation group. The rates of distant metastasis were 34.0 and 18.9%, respectively, in the control and the N-CWS groups. The rate of local recurrence was 14.9% in the control group; however, no local recurrence was observed in the N-CWS group. These results indicate the clinical effectiveness of the N-CWS treatment, especially in curatively resectable lung cancer. No serious side effect was observed during this trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes in glycosphingolipid composition during differentiation of human leukemic granulocytes in chronic myelogenous leukemia compared with in vitro granulocytic differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.

Changes in glycosphingolipid (GSL) composition during differentiation of human leukemic granulocytes were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in immature and mature granulocytic cells derived from human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cases and were compared with those found in the in vitro granulocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line. Two neutral GSLs, ceramide monohexoside and ceramide dihexoside, and two molecular species of gangliosides, one being the ganglio-series ganglioside NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer (GM3) and the other being the lacto-series sialosylparagloboside, were predominant in the granulocytic cells at an early maturation stage. During the granulocytic differentiation of CML cells, the contents of ceramide dihexoside and paragloboside increased strikingly with a concomitant decrease in ceramide monohexoside, and the total amount of neutral GSLs increased to about three times as much as that of the most immature granulocytic cells, myeloblasts. On the other hand, lacto-series gangliosides, with longer sugar moieties increased with a concomitant decrease in ganglio-series ganglioside GM3, and the ganglioside profile became more complex. The total content of ganglioside increased in parallel with the complexity of the ganglioside profile. Similar differentiation-associated changes were also found in GSL composition during the in vitro granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. However, a marked difference between the differentiation-dependent change in the GSL composition of CML cells and that of HL-60 cells was observed for a ganglioside species which was found to be one of the major gangliosides in normal neutrophils: in the former, the ganglioside level increased up to the level in normal mature granulocytes as the cells differentiated; in contrast, it decreased significantly during granulocytic differentiation of the latter cells. When the GSL composition of the neutrophils obtained from CML cells, which were apparently normal as to morphology, stimulus-induced membrane potential changes, and superoxide-producing capacity, was compared with that of normal neutrophils, an obvious difference was observed between them, especially with regard to ganglioside GM3; the amount of ganglioside GM3 in the former was about one-sixth of that in the latter. This finding indicates some alterations in the cell membrane structure of neutrophils of CML origin.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1985

Comparative studies on adjuvanticity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A and polysaccharide fractions.

Previously, we found that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) exhibits very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting the delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses to protein antigens, and also strong ability to enlarge the regional lymph node in mice. By hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid at 100 degrees for 1 hr, KO3 LPS was dissociated into 54-60% polysaccharide fraction and 25-27% lipid A fraction. The lipid A fraction thus prepared retained lethal toxicity for mice, whereas the polysaccharide fraction was essentially non-toxic. However, neither the lipid A fraction nor the polysaccharide fraction could reproduce the strong adjuvanticity of KO3 LPS, and a simple mixture of these two fractions also failed to do so. It is therefore concluded that, for expression of the strong adjuvanticity of KO3 LPS, both the lipid A and polysaccharide moieties are indispensable and must be combined in the form of LPS. By contrast, administration of relatively large amounts of the lipid A fraction alone could elicit enlargement of the regional lymph node to the same degree as that attained by KO3 LPS. The regional lymph node-enlarging activity of the lipid A fraction in lesser amounts was enhanced by addition of the polysaccharide fraction. It is therefore likely that there is no direct correlation between adjuvant activity of the LPS or its derivatives, and their regional lymph node-enlarging activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of fetal movements with ultrasonic Doppler fetal actograph].

Fetal movements in each trimester were recorded objectively and continuously with an ultrasonic Doppler actograph that enables simultaneous tracing of fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal movement (FM). The record with this method was compared with those of the ultrasonic B-mode and M-mode respectively. The onset of FM signal bursts and FHR acceleration was nearly synchronous and the transitory FHR increase associated with FM signal bursts showed a linear amplitude increment along with the progress of gestation. Fetal hiccup movements were recorded from 24 weeks of gestation and lasted between 4.3 minutes and 17 minutes with a rate of 25 to 28 per minute. No FHR acceleration was recognized in such movements. Maternal perception was 67.7% on average of FM signal bursts. Fetal movements in early pregnancy were detected in the 11th week of gestation (CRL 54 mm). Long-term recording of fetal movements was carried out between 9:30 and 17:00 and the alternation of active and resting phases was investigated. The resting phase lasted 20 minutes on average, (range, 10 to 36 minutes). The fetal activity was not influenced by the maternal food intake. It is clinically significant to evaluate the change in fetal movements objectively and continuously.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1985

Strong adjuvanticity of bacterial lipopolysaccharides possessing the homopolysaccharides consisting of mannose as the O-specific polysaccharide chains.

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Klebsiella 03 and 05 and Escherichia coli 08 and 09 are unique in having linear homopolysaccharides consisting of mannose as the O-specific polysaccharide chains. All four kinds of LPS were found to exhibit very strong adjuvanticity in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin in mice compared with other kinds of LPS from Klebsiella, E. coli and Salmonella. Even if the natural forms of Klebsiella 03 LPS and 01 LPS were converted to various defined uniform salt forms, their adjuvanticity did not differ significantly from that of the respective natural forms. It was concluded therefore that the difference in strength of the adjuvanticity between them is not due to the difference in their salt forms, solubility and physical state. Correspondingly, with strong adjuvanticity of Klebsiella 03 LPS and 05 LPS, their activity in enlarging the regional lymph node was also strong. Various uniform salt forms of Klebsiella 03 LPS caused stronger regional lymph node enlargement than those of Klebsiella 01 LPS. However, the activity of E. coli 08 LPS and 09 LPS in enlarging the regional lymph node was significantly weaker than that of Klebsiella 03 LPS and 05 LPS, and there were other kinds of LPS which showed a capacity to enlarge the regional lymph node similar to that of E. coli 08 LPS and 09 LPS, despite their weak adjuvanticity. Therefore, correlation did not necessarily exist between the degree of adjuvanticity of LPS and its activity in enlarging the regional lymph node.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗