Nutritional and toxicological implication of trace elements in the immune response.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ohsawa
Publications and source records attributed to M Ohsawa.
Inter-edge-state scattering and nonlinear effects in a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields.
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Journal Article↗
Distribution of histologic subtypes and sex ratio in various primary sites of lymphocytic lymphoma.
To examine the distribution of histologic subtypes and sex ratio in each primary site of lymphoma, 1,169 histologically proven cases of lymphocytic lymphoma were analyzed. The location of tumor was nodal in 615(53%) and extranodal in 517(44%), patients with the gastrointestinal tract being the most common. The incidence was predominantly in males for all histologic types and in nodal and extranodal sites, except for a predominance of females in extranodal lymphoplasmacytic(Lp-cytic), lymphoplasmacytoid(Lp-cytoid) tumors. Frequency of the Lp-cytic/Lp-cytoid type among all types of lymphoma in females was about 2.7 times more frequent in extranodal than in nodal sites. The most striking example was thyroid lymphoma in which the frequency of Lp-cytic/Lp-cytoid type was 36% in female and 0% in male patients. Including this type of lymphoma, frequency of low grade lymphoma in females was higher in extranodal sites than in nodal sites.
Adolescent↗
Malignant lymphoma of the liver. Report of five cases and review of the literature.
Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease. We report five cases here and summarize clinical and pathologic features of our own and reported cases from Western countries and Japan. The total number of cases was 68. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 87 years (median 55) with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis before onset of hepatic lymphoma was noted in 44% of Japanese cases and 9.6% of Western cases. Macroscopically, the liver was occupied by solitary mass (60%), multiple masses (35%), or a diffuse lesion without nodule formation (5%). Histologically all cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the diffuse large cell type being most common. Three cases (4.4%) were follicular lymphoma. Immunohistochemically about 80% of the cases were B-cell type. Follow-up study showed that hepatic lymphoma had a relatively favorable prognosis when early detection of the disease was possible.
Female↗
Malignant lymphoma of the breast. Immunologic type and association with lymphocytic mastopathy.
Clinical and pathologic findings in 19 cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast collected from several hospitals in Japan were reviewed. All patients were women (median age, 45 years) and they usually had breast masses that had recently become enlarged. The sites of the lesions were the right breast in eight cases, the left breast in eight, and both breasts in one. The locations of two masses were unknown. Lymphoma recurred in the opposite breast in three cases 14, 23, and 23 months after surgery. Histologically, diffuse large cell lymphoma was the most common form of disease (63%). One lesion was a follicular lymphoma. The so-called lymphoepithelial lesion, a characteristic finding for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphomas, was observed in eight cases (42%). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that all but two tumors were of B-cell type; such findings confirmed morphologically based conclusions. Histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of lymphocytic mastopathy, a recently described autoimmune disease of the breast, was found in most of the cases. Formation of lymphoid follicles in or around the tumors was found in five cases (26%). Based on these findings, it is suggested that most mammary lymphomas are B-cell tumors and they may be associated with coexisting or antecedent lymphocytic mastopathy.
Adult↗
Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease showing positive reaction for anti-IL 6/BSF2 antibody.
A 53-year-old man presented with bilateral cervical lymph node swelling and low fever. Swollen lymph node was biopsied, and diagnosed as nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease (HD). By combined radio- and chemotherapy, he went into complete remission. After 3 years, fever of 38-39.2 degrees C and lymph node swelling appeared in the para-aortic region and later became systemic. A biopsy was diagnosed as syncytial variant of HD with aid of immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Large atypical mono- or binucleated cells reacted with anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) antibody. The patient's disease progressed with fever, and he died 66 months after the onset of disease. A previous biochemical study showed that IL-6 displayed a real relation to the generation of fever. Therefore it is suggested that fever in this patient is related to IL-6.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Zinc status in proliferative response of T lymphocytes.
The in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes are highly susceptible to Zn deprivation and Cd addition. In order to define Zn status in T cell proliferation, toxicological and biochemical situation of Zn in proliferative response of T cells was investigated by use of mouse spleen cell cultures stimulated by T cell-mitogen, Con A. The inhibitory effect of Cd on T cell proliferation was protected specifically by Zn. The protection by Zn was effective when Zn was added within 16 h after Con A stimulation. Zn addition affected neither Cd content in cells nor induction of Cd-thionein. These findings indicate that Zn-dependent processes expressed before the S phase of cell cycle are critical for T cell proliferation and are targets susceptible to Cd. Moreover, electrophoretical analysis showed two unknown Zn-binding proteins (49 and 100 KD) induced in spleen cells incubated with Con A and radioactive Zn. These Zn-binding proteins may be associated with the Zn-dependent processes critical for T cell proliferation.
Animals↗
High endothelial venules in extranodal lymphomas with emphasis on their prognostic significance.
In the present study, the frequency of occurrence of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in extranodal lymphomas at various sites was examined, and its prognostic implication subsequently estimated. The presence of HEVs was tested for by an immunohistochemical method using the monoclonal antibody, HECA-452, known to be specific for HEVs. The number of cases at each extranodal site were 13 in the thyroid, three in the salivary gland, 15 in the gastrointestinal(GI) tract, 20 in the brain, six in the lung, 12 in the pleura, nine in the testis, 10 in the bone, 19 in the skin and seven in the breast. Histologically, 26 of the 114 cases (23%) were of high grade malignancy according to the Working Formulation. Immunohistochemistry revealed 89 cases (78%) to be of B-cell type, eight (7%) T-cell type and 17 (15%) others. HEVs were observed frequently among the cases of lymphoma of the salivary gland (100%), thyroid (77%), GI tract (53%), lung (50%) and breast (43%). Evident were a preponderance of female patients (P less than 0.02) and those with histologically favorable lymphoma types (P less than 0.001), and a more favorable prognosis (P less than 0.001) for cases with HEVs over those without. There were no significant differences in age and immunologic type distributions between cases with and without HEVs. The findings suggest that the presence of HEVs could be used as an indicator for a favorable prognosis in cases of extranodal lymphoma.
Adolescent↗
Soft tissue sarcoma of the pleural cavity.
Seventeen cases of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) developing in the pleural cavity were collected from Japanese hospitals, and their clinical and pathologic findings summarized. Eight of the 17 patients had a 15-year to 50-year (mean, 28.8) history of chronic pleural inflammatory disease (pleuritis, pyothorax, and pulmonary tuberculosis) before the onset of the pleural sarcoma. Histologically, malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most common tumor type (11 cases), followed by angiosarcoma (four). The age at diagnosis of the sarcoma ranged from 15 to 74 years (mean, 58); the male-to-female ratio was 3.3:1. In the eight cases of sarcoma associated with chronic pleural inflammatory disease, male preponderance was more marked (7:1). The commonest presenting symptom was chest pain. A mass could be detected by chest roentgenograms in 13 patients and computed tomographic scans in 15 patients. No patient had distant metastases at first admission. Thirteen patients were treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Thirteen of the 17 patients died 1 to 87 months (mean, 14.2) after therapy for STS. The actuarial 1-year survival rate was 38.5%. These findings suggest that long-standing pleural inflammation might be an etiologic factor for development of pleural STS.
Adolescent↗
Histologic and immunohistologic diversity of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of lymph node origin.
To examine whether nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) share common features in every nodal site, histologic and immunohistologic findings were analyzed site by site. Cases selected were nodal NHL of neck (17 cases), submandibular (10 cases), inguinal (9 cases), and abdominal cavity (22 cases). No significant differences in age distribution were found. A slight female preponderance was present in cases with inguinal NHL. Histologic and immunohistologic findings showed that nodal NHL were heterogeneous; (1) T-cell type was frequent in the neck but exceptional in other sites, (2) frequency of high-grade tumors was much higher in the intra-abdominal cavity but low in other sites, and (3) follicular lymphoma was common in the submandibular and inguinal regions. Previous studies indicated that histologic and/or immunologic types of NHL correlated with pathogenesis of lymphoma; EB virus and HTLV-1 for B and T lymphomagenesis, respectively, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for development of high-grade tumors. The present results may provide an insight to consider as a possible pathogenesis of NHL.
Abdomen↗
Histiocytic neoplasias: immunohistochemical evaluation of their frequencies among malignant lymphoma and related conditions in Japan.
Through histologic review of 1,766 cases with malignant lymphoma and related conditions, 35 cases (2%) were selected as probable histiocytic neoplasias. Proliferating cells in these cases had voluminous, granulated cytoplasm, and round to irregularly shaped nuclei often with bi- or multinucleated forms showing monomorphous or polymorphous proliferation accompanying small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and, less frequently, eosinophils. Cases showing proliferation of convoluted cells with numerous benign-appearing histiocytes or large cells with clear cytoplasm were excluded under a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. To evaluate the immunologic character of proliferating cells, immunohistochemistry using antibodies Mx-Pan B, MB-1, MT-1, UCHL-1, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, Leu M1, epithelial membrane antigen, and Ki-1 were carried out in 23 cases. Naphthol-ASD-chloracetate reaction and toluidine blue stain were also performed. These procedures revealed that 12 cases (52%) were B-cell type, three cases (13%) T-cell type, six cases (26%) true histiocytic type, and two cases null type. Therefore, the frequency of cases with true histiocytic neoplasias among cases with malignant lymphoma and related conditions in Japan may be 0.5%.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: its frequency and characteristics in Japan.
The nature of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) in Japan was investigated. For this purpose, we have reviewed 1,766 cases of malignant lymphoma and related diseases, and 38 cases were selected as ILL. In two cases, small lymphoid cells proliferated as a wide mantle of atrophic secondary follicles. The frequency of ILL in nodal and extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 3.4% and 3.9%, respectively. The frequency was high in orbit and salivary gland lymphomas; two out of three cases and one out of six cases, respectively. Age range (median) and sex ratio (M:F) in nodal and extranodal cases were 34-65 (52) years and 2.1:1 and 22-82 (61) years and 1.1:1, respectively. The majority of nodal ILL presented as systemic disease, but extranodal ILL usually presented as localized disease. ILL when treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy had a favorable prognosis, the 5-year survival rate was 82%.
Adult↗
Differential susceptibility of T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation to cadmium: relevance to zinc requirement in T-lymphocyte proliferation.
Effect of zinc on an inhibitory action of cadmium to mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was investigated. Cadmium at concentrations below 10 microM selectively inhibited concanavalin A-induced T-cell proliferation as compared with bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced B-cell proliferation. Such differential susceptibility of T- and B-cell proliferation was not observed in the cases of other cations such as mercury, lead, nickel, molybdenum, chromium(VI) and arsenic (V). The inhibitory effect of 10 microM cadmium on T-cell proliferation was almost completely prevented by addition of 30 microM zinc to the culture medium, but was not by ferrous iron, nickel and copper. Further, cadmium exerted the same extent of inhibition even when it was added at 16 h after concanavalin A stimulation, and thereafter the inhibition gradually decreased. Correlated well with this observation, the protective effect of zinc was seen as far as it existed during the first 16 h of the mitogen stimulation. As intracellular cadmium content and a cadmium-induced metallothionein level were not changed by zinc addition, these observations strongly suggest that cadmium inhibits some zinc-dependent processes required for T-cell proliferation.
Animals↗
Histological factors contributing to favorable prognoses of soft tissue sarcomas in premenopausal patients.
The correlations of sex with various histologic factors in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) were studied in 142 adult patients over the age of 20 years. They included 63 with malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 20 with liposarcomas, 20 with synovial sarcomas, 11 with malignant Schwannomas and 28 with other forms of STS. These were divided into four groups, according to age (20-49 years and greater than or equal to 50 years) and sex. Survival rates in female patients were better than those in male patients, and the difference was significant between the 20-49 year groups (p less than 0.01). The relative frequencies in distribution of each histologic type were similar among male and female patients in both age groups. Among histological factors, mitotic counts showed a significant correlation (P less than 0.04) with sex, followed by cellularity. STS in female patients aged 20-49 years had lower mitotic counts than in patients in other groups, where it occurred with a higher frequency of low and intermediate grade tumors. The findings suggested estrogen, either directly to indirectly, to have a favorable effect on STS prognosis in premenopausal female patients.
Adult↗
Inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma by orally administered beta-glucan in mice.
The inhibitory effect on experimental pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of SSG, a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan obtained from the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, administered orally was examined in mice. Oral administration of SSG for 10 consecutive days just after the intravenous implantation of tumor cells significantly inhibited the experimental pulmonary metastasis of 3LL at a dose of 2000 micrograms. However, SSG administered orally involving other timings was less effective. In comparison with oral administration, SSG was effective when administered intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days at a dose of 200 micrograms. These results suggest that SSG given by both parenteral and nonparenteral routes is effective in the inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of tumors.
Animals↗
Effect of intraperitoneally administered beta-1,3-glucan, SSG, obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395 on the functions of murine alveolar macrophages.
The effect of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered SSG, a beta-1,3-glucan obtained from the culture filtrate of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, on the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM) in CDF1 mice was examined. SSG administered i.p. increased the number of AM and enhanced several functions of murine AM (lysosomal enzyme activity, phagocytic activity, candidacidal activity, H2O2 production and interleukin 1 (IL-1) production) at a dose of 250 micrograms/mouse on days 1 and 8, especially on day 8. Furthermore, SSG (250 micrograms/mouse) administered i.p. for 10 consecutive days significantly inhibited the experimental pulmonary metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (3LL) on BDF1 mice.
Animals↗
Prognostic factors for pleural lymphoma patients.
Prognostic factors in 47 patients with pleural lymphocytic lymphoma developing in chronic tuberculous pyothorax were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model. There were 41 men and six women, aged 44-80 (median 61) years. Approximately 70% of the patients had localized disease in Stages I and II, and 30% advanced disease in Stages III and IV. Histologically, 27 patients had the diffuse large, immunoblastic type and 12 had others. In the other seven patients, histological subtyping of the lymphocytic lymphoma was impossible because of degenerative or necrotic changes in the histologic specimens. A diagnosis of lymphocytic lymphoma of B-cell type was made in one case using combined cytologic and surface maker findings on a cell suspension. In addition, immunologic and immunohistochemical studies revealed another 40 cases to be proven B-cell lymphomas. Poor performance status and elevated levels of BUN and GPT were significantly associated with shortened survival in a Cox's proportional hazards model. A poor performance status and high levels of serum BUN and GPT suggested a marked deterioration in a patient's condition. When compared with previous literature describing prognostic factors in patients with B-cell lymphomas and with lymphocytic lymphomas with unfavorable histologies or associated with long-standing inflammations, the only common prognostic factors was performance status. The significance of primary site in predicting survival from lymphocytic lymphoma is discussed.
Adult↗
Lymphoproliferative diseases of the lung in Japan: review of thirty-six patients with an immunohistochemical study.
Thirty-six cases of primary lymphoproliferative disease of the lung, collected from hospitals in Japan, have been reviewed. Histologically they were divided into three groups: definite lymphoma (DL) showing monomorphous proliferation of medium to large cells (17 cases), small lymphoid cell proliferation (SLP) frequently containing lymphoid follicles (11 cases), and pseudolymphoma showing lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) (six cases) or mixed diffuse infiltration of small lymphocytes and macrophages (two cases). In some DL cases, lymphoid follicles were present in or near the tumors. Pulmonary lesions in SLP and LFH patients were frequently detected at their medical checkups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that proliferating cells in 15 out of 17 DL and all SLP cases were B cells with restricted expression of the immunoglobulin light chain, all lambda type, in three DL and four SLP cases. From morphologic and immunologic findings, 10 SLP cases were diagnosed as intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) and one as being of lymphoplasmacytic type. Two DL cases with convoluted nuclei proved from immunohistochemistry to be of T-cell type, showing a much lower frequency of T-cell type than that found in the USA (approximately 50%).
Antigens, Differentiation↗