Biomedical subjects

M Ohsawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohsawa.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in Japan: histologic and immunohistologic studies.

Ninety-seven Japanese patients with so-called primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS-NHL), unrelated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or organ transplantation, were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 87 years (median: 58 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.77:1. The most frequent past histories were acute appendicitis (appendectomy), head injury, uveitis or iritis, and gastritis or gastric ulcer. These patients presented with symptoms suggesting an expanding intracranial lesion with no signs of extracranial lymphomatous disease. Combined computed tomographic scans, angiography, and findings at surgery or autopsy showed that the cerebrum was the commonest site of involvement, 87% of all cases, with the frontal to temporal region being the most commonly involved. Histologically, the diffuse large-cell type was most frequent and 26% of lymphomas were of high-grade malignancy as defined by the Working Formulation. The reported frequency of high-grade CNS-NHLs in AIDS patients in the United States is much higher (over 60%). Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections revealed a B-cell nature of the present series of tumors. In 16% of the cases, large numbers of small lymphoid cells with a positive reaction predominantly for anti-T lymphocyte antibodies surrounded the tumors or aggregated around the capillaries. The tumors which were infiltrated by small lymphoid cells showed more favorable prognosis than those which were not, suggesting a host reaction to tumor growth in these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

Defective cation-coupling mutants of Escherichia coli Na+/proline symport carrier. Characterization and localization of mutations.

A major proline carrier in Escherichia coli encoded by the putP gene mediates proline/Na+ or Li+ symport. Proline carrier mutants with altered cation specificity were obtained by mutagenesis with nitrous acid in vitro of a plasmid carrying the wild-type putP gene. Two mutant strains harboring plasmid pMOP4135 and pMOP4141 could transport proline efficiently only in the presence of an increased concentration of sodium ion. Mutations of these plasmids, putP4135 and putP4141, caused reduction of affinity for Na+ of proline transport and binding, without remarkable change in the affinity for proline or in production of the carriers. Consistent with the lower affinity of the putP4141 carrier for Na+, the mutant carrier was supersensitive to N-ethylmaleimide inhibition. The pH dependence of proline binding was also changed in these mutant carriers. The lesions of putP4135 and putP4141 were located in the N-terminal part of the putP gene (ClaI-PvuII fragment) by in vitro recombination and subsequent examination of the phenotype of the transformants. DNA sequencing of these fragments revealed one base alteration of G to A at nucleotides 299 and 656 in pMOP4141 and pMOP4135, respectively, which corresponded to amino acid changes from Gly22 to glutamic acid and Cys141 to tyrosine, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Improvement of action myoclonus by an administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa in a child with muscular subsarcolemmal hyperactivity.

We report a 3-year-11-month-old boy who manifested action myoclonus only. Histochemical analysis of the quadriceps muscle revealed subsarcolemmal hyperactivity. The administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa dramatically improved the action myoclonus and reduced an amplitude of giant somatosensory evoked potentials. A nosological relation of this case with "essential myoclonus" and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was discussed.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1990

Malignant lymphoma of lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid and immunoblastic types.

Sixty-four patients with extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid (LP) and immunoblastic (IBS) types were reviewed. The criteria distinguishing the latter from the former was a presence of basophilic and prominent nucleoli in a vast majority of the tumor cells. The numbers of LP and IBS types were 34 and 30, respectively. Intervals from appearance of tumors to initial treatment in LP and IBS were 15.7 +/- 25.3 and 6.0 +/- 12.3 months, respectively (p less than 0.1). Histologically LP had a low mitotic count (p less than 0.001) and contained a larger number of mast cells (p less than 0.05) than IBS. Proliferating cells in 4 patients with LP type had nuclei with a slightly irregular indentation similar to those of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma. Follow-up study revealed the LP type to have a much more favorable prognosis than the IBS type (p less than 0.001) though 3 patients with LP showed unfavorable prognosis. Tumor cells in these tumors had a small to medium-sized, often convoluted nucleus. The present results showed that the distinction of LP and IBS by their morphology of nucleoli was prognostically meaningful. Furthermore it is suggested that tumors of the LP type are heterogeneous.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Enhancement of hematopoietic response of mice by intraperitoneal administration of a beta-glucan, SSG, obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of SSG, a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan obtained from the culture filtrate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, on hematopoietic responses of mice were investigated. Numbers of spleen and peripheral leukocytes increased 7 d after administration of SSG (250 micrograms/mouse). The percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in both spleen and peripheral blood increased markedly. The numbers of macrophage progenitor cells also increased in both spleens and femurs of the mice administered SSG. Furthermore, levels of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in sera were elevated, and two peaks were observed (at 6 h and on day 7 after administration). Elevated CSAs were also observed in the cultures of peritoneal cells taken from mice 3 or 6 h after administration of SSG. These results may suggest that i.p. administration of SSG into mice enhanced the production of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), and then increased the numbers of both spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Change of biological activities of (1----3)-beta-D-glucan from Grifola frondosa upon molecular weight reduction by heat treatment.

Changes of biological activities manifested by (1----6)-branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucans of various molecular weights obtained by heat treatment of the corresponding intact beta-glucan at 150 degrees C (HD-LE) were examined. The activities assessed in this study were as follows: an antitumor activity, activation of alternative complement pathway, glucose consumption by macrophages, macrophage-mediated lysosomal enzyme activity in culture supernatant and cell lysate, interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity, and adjuvant activity. HD-LE could be classified into three groups: 1) HD-LE 0 h (MW 800000) which activated all of the biological activities tested, 2) HD-LE 0.5 and 3 h (MW 250000 and 21000) which lacked or exhibited low levels of activities such as activation of alternative complement pathway and lysosomal enzyme secretion, 3) HD-LE 6 h (MW 6400) which only activated glucose consumption and synthesis of lysosomal enzyme. These results suggest that an antitumor glucan is not always a multiple enhancer of host defense mechanisms and that a large molecular weight is required to augment multiple immunological activities.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Macrophage activation in vitro by chemically cross-linked (1----3)-beta-D-glucans.

The chemical cross-linking of soluble (1----3)-beta-D-glucans having molecular weights of 21000 (CL 3 h) and 6400 (CL 6 h), and laminarin (CL LAMI), which showed negligible biological activity, by epichlorohydrin provided rigid particles. These particles showed no gel-to-sol transition upon the addition of sodium hydroxide. We compared the effects of chemical cross-linking on the biological activities of glucans. The alternative complement pathway was not activated by any of the cross-linked glucans. Glucose consumption, lysosomal enzyme release, and interleukin-1 production by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro were strongly induced by CL 3 h, CL 6 h and CL LAMI. However, cross-linked dextran, Sephadex, did not exhibit any of these biological activities. These results suggested that chemical cross-linking of (1----3)-beta-D-glucans enhances macrophage activities without opsonization by complement components.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Malignant lymphoma of the rectum.

Eleven patients with primary lymphoma of the rectum were reviewed on a mainly histological basis, especially in association with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). They included three males and eight females with an age range of 21-71 (median 59) years. Common symptoms were anal bleeding, melena, difficulty with defecation and constipation. A physical examination echogram and computed tomographic scans showed the tumor to be restricted to the rectum. The tumors were classified microscopically as six intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas (ILL) and five others. Histologic findings compatible with RLH were found in all five ILL cases and three of the others. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections revealed eight cases to be of B-cell type and one with a pleomorphic histology, to be of T-cell type; one case did not react with any of the antibodies tested, but were regarded as being of B-cell type purely on morphological grounds. A gene rearrangement study carried out in one ILL case showed a monoclonal rearrangement of the Jh chain. The findings showed rectal lymphoma to be characterized by a high frequency of ILL cases and an association with RLH. These are also common findings among patients with thyroid, salivary and gastric lymphoma, suggesting a common etiologic role in these diseases of long-standing inflammation.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Intramedullary hemangiopericytoma of the spinal cord; case report and review of the literature].

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor deriving from capillaries and pericytes. Although it is a well established entity clinically and histologically, its occurrence in the central nervous system adhering to the meninges has been controversial. We described a case of a 39-year-old man with intramedullary hemangiopericytoma. To the best of our knowledge, no previous case of hemangiopericytoma in this location has been reported. We reviewed differential diagnosis of spinal hemangiopericytoma based on neuroradiological points, and clinical findings of the 14 primary cases reported in the literature. The nosological problem of hemangiopericytoma was also discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Effects of bilateral transvenous diaphragm pacing on hemodynamic function in patients after cardiac operations. Experimental and clinical study.

The effects of bilateral transvenous diaphragm pacing and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation on hemodynamic function were compared by animal experiment in 18 dogs and by clinical study in 14 patients during the postoperative period after cardiac operations. Aortic, pulmonary arterial, right atrial, and left atrial pressures (transmural) and aortic flow were increased by diaphragm pacing in the canine experiment. In dogs with induced tricuspid insufficiency, aortic pressure, right and left atrial pressures, and aortic blood flow increased, similar to the results obtained in the clinical study. Diaphragm pacing produced a sufficient tidal volume (7.2 to 12 ml/kg) for maintenance of normal blood gas levels in the patients, all of whom recovered spontaneous breathing without any weaning problems after 2 to 6 hours of diaphragm pacing. The catheter electrode used for stimulation was placed 30 mm away from the sinus node to avoid arrhythmias. Respiratory control by diaphragm pacing is hemodynamically superior to that by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and its efficacy is expected, especially in critical cases or in diseases or conditions in which the decrease in the load of the right heart affects the hemodynamic status of the patient.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pleural cavity developing from long-standing pyothorax].

Our previous study suggested a close relationship between a preceding chronic tuberculous pyothorax and the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the pleural cavity. To confirm this further, 37 cases were collected, their clinical and pathological findings summarized. The age at first admission for lymphoma of patients ranged from 46 to 81 (mean 63) years, the male to female ratio being 5.2:1. All patients were admitted after a 22-55 (mean 33) year history of pyothorax resulting from artificial pneumothorax for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (29 cases) or tuberculous pleuritis (seven cases). The most common presenting symptom was chest pain. The diagnosis of pleural NHL was made by biopsy for 31 of the patients and at autopsy for the other six. Histologically 30 (81%) of 37 cases were of diffuse large cell type, and of these the immunoblastic type was the most common (22 cases). Immunological and immunohistologic studies revealed a B-cell nature of the proliferating cells in all but one tumor. Thirty-two patients received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Twenty-seven patients died between one and 144 (median eight) months of diagnosis. Autopsies carried out in 23 cases revealed the disease to have been localized to the thorax in 11 patients. These findings indicated that malignant B-cell lymphoma arose as a monoclonal growth from a pool of proliferating polyclonal B lymphocytes in tissues affected by the chronic tuberculous pyothorax.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan.

Thirty-four cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of bone collected from hospitals in Japan were histologically and immunohistologically reviewed, and the results were compared with those in Western countries. There were no remarkable differences in age, sex, and the distribution of bone tumors between Japanese and Western cases. Sixteen cases (47%) diagnosed previously as "reticulum cell sarcoma" were reclassified as diffuse NHL of large cell (seven cases), mixed type (four cases), immunoblastic type (three cases), clear cell type (one case), and multilobated type (one case). The cases with small lymphocytic type with plasmacytoid features (lymphoplasmacytic type) were more common in Japan (35% of our cases) than in Western countries. The distribution of histologic subtypes, except for lymphoplasmacytic and T-cell lymphomas, in the current cases was similar to that in Western countries. However, immunohistochemistry showed that Japanese cases contained a much higher frequency of T-cell lymphoma (10% of all cases) than Western cases. Histologic grade according to the Working Formulation correlated well with clinical stage. There may be a tendency towards better prognosis with lower grade tumors, but this was not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Formation of vitamin D-binding protein-actin and binary and ternary plasma gelsolin-actin complexes in human serum.

After the addition of actin to serum, the binding of actin to serum actin-binding proteins was analyzed by the method of immunoblotting using monospecific antibodies against vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) (group-specific component, Gc), human skeletal actin and human plasma gelsolin. When increasing amounts of globular actin were added to serum, actin bound to DBP preferentially. After exhausting DBP, actin began to bind to plasma gelsolin. When equally increasing amounts of filamentous actin were added to serum, actin was bound to both plasma gelsolin and DBP, and then uncomplexed DBP removed one actin molecule from gelsolin-actin 1:2 complex, resulting in a gelsolin-actin 1:1 complex. These results support the theory that the actin-depolymerizing activity of serum is due to the concerted role of plasma gelsolin and DBP.

Actins↗

PubMed1989

Nation-wide study of lethal mid-line granuloma in Japan: frequencies of wegener's granulomatosis, polymorphic reticulosis, malignant lymphoma and other related conditions.

Lethal mid-line granuloma (LMG) is a clinical term, and it is histologically composed of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), polymorphic reticulosis (PR), and malignant lymphoma (ML). WG is an inflammatory disease, and PR and ML are considered to represent a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoreticular cells. In the present report, a nation-wide study on LMG in Japan is compared with a study from the UK, to examine differences in frequencies of each disease in Eastern and Western countries. A total of 340 cases of LMG were examined. On the basis of histological and clinical findings, these cases were categorized as 68 WG, 129 PR, 92 ML, 44 chronic inflammation not specified, and 7 other related conditions. The crude frequencies of WG, PR, and ML per 100,000 outpatients of ENT clinics in Japan and England were 4, 8 and 6, respectively and 8, 4 and I, respectively. The predominance of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases to WG in Japan (3.5:1) was in marked contrast to the situation in the UK (1:1.6). A review of the pertinent literature suggests a clustering of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases of the nose among Mongolian ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Prognostic significance of Ki-67 reactivity in soft tissue sarcomas.

Proliferative activity of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in 34 cases was estimated by immunohistochemical procedures (avidin-biotin complex [ABC] method) with monoclonal antibody Ki-67 which reacts with a nuclear antigen expressed in all phases of cell cycle except G0. In 20 of 34 cases (59%), varying numbers of Ki-67-positive tumor cells were detected with a range from 5 to 382 per 10 high power fields (HPF) (mean 57.2/10 HPF). Ki-67 index (the number of Ki-67-positive tumor cells/10 HPF) positively correlated with mitotic count (r = 0.428, P less than 0.02), cellularity (r = 0.447, P less than 0.01), and histologic grade (r = 0.473, P less than 0.01). The Ki-67 low index group (less than 50/10 HPF) showed more favorable prognosis than the high index group (more than 50/10 HPF) (P less than 0.005). Three cases with low mitotic count and unfavorable prognosis were proved to be the Ki-67 high index group (142-382/10 HPF). These results indicated that reactivity of tumor cells for Ki-67 is a useful prognostic marker in the patients with STS, and might be used as one of the histologic factors for the grading of STS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Review of 44 patients with emphasis on prognostic behavior.

In order to investigate the relationship between histologic findings and clinical behavior in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), 44 patients with AILD were reviewed. These patients comprised 24 men and 20 women with age range from 25 to 84 years of age (median, 64 years). Lymphadenopathy was observed in all patients, systemic in 37, and localized in seven. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was present in 64% of patients. Histologically clear cells or convoluted cells were observed in 36% and 48% of the patients, respectively. Univariate analysis (log-rank test) for prognostic factors revealed age, appetite, presence of clear cells, or convoluted cells were important factors. However, multivariate analysis revealed that there were no independent factors for prognosis. The presence of clear cells and/or convoluted cells were histologic signs for poor prognosis; autopsy showed that patients with the clear cells with or without convoluted cells mostly died of active disease of AILD with two cases progressing to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and those with convoluted cells alone died of lung infection. From these findings, AILD could be divided into three groups: AILD with (1) clear cells with or without convoluted cells, (2) convoluted cells alone, or (3) neither cells. The first two groups showed poor prognosis, and the last a favorable prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Histological evidence of natural killer cell aggregation against malignant melanoma induced by adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and systemic administration of recombinant Interleukin-2 (RIL-2) was carried out in a case of malignant melanoma with lung metastases. Histological specimens from the lung showed a metastatic melanoma heavily invaded by atypical lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei of varying size. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these cells had the characteristic exclusively of natural killer cell (Leu-7+). Nodules of these cells mimicked the appearance of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of pleomorphic type. Molecular cytogenetic analysis, however, showed the absence of rearranged bands for the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene, indicating the absence of T-cell clones. At autopsy, 1 month after the LAK therapy, the heavy invasion of convoluted cells had disappeared. These findings clearly indicate that the LAK cell plus RIL-2 therapy induced Leu-7+ lymphoid cells, phenotypically suggestive of natural killer cell aggregation in the tumours.

Cell Aggregation↗

PubMed1989

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of follicular center cell type in Osaka, Japan.

Five hundred and nineteen patients with follicular center cell (FCC) tumors in Osaka, Japan were selected for study from 1000 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). They were admitted to hospital during 1964-1987, which was divided into three periods 1964-1972 (I), 1973-1979 (II), and 1980-1987 (III) to examine the time trend of FCC tumors. The median age of patients rose from 51 to 55 years of age with an increase in female and extranodal disease patients. The frequency of nodal FCC tumors among all nodal NHL increased from 37.5 to 51.5% (P less than 0.05), but that of extranodal types decreased from 82.9 to 56.8% (P less than 0.01), although the total number showed little change. When the cases were categorized as diffuse type and follicular type, the diffuse type predominated through the period in both nodal and extranodal sites. The frequencies of follicular type among all NHL were 10.2, 6.3, and 8.4% during the periods I, II and III, respectively. These results showed that follicular lymphoma was a minor constituent of NHL in Japan compared to Western countries, and the frequency did not increase from 1964 to 1987. The frequency of FCC tumors in the present series was rather higher than that in Western countries, therefore it is concluded that FCC tumors in Japanese have much less potential for forming a follicular structure than those in patients from Western countries.

Adolescent↗